RESUMO. No contexto da atual pandemia de covid-19, maior morbidade e mortalidade têm sido relatadas em idosos. Sabe-se que essa faixa etária apresenta alterações fisiológicas e condições clínicas próprias, como fragilidade, demência, entre outras. Objetivo: Descrever as características de pacientes com covid-19, maiores e menores de 80 anos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura que descreve relatos de casos, e resumir e avaliar criticamente essas características. Método: Revisão sistemática. O estudo foi registrado no Registro de Projetos de Pesquisa em Saúde (PRISA) do Instituto Nacional de Saúde do Peru (código EI00000631). Local: cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, LILACS e SCIELO) foram sistematicamente pesquisadas entre 31 de dezembro de 2019 e 16 de abril de 2020. A busca se concentrou em relatos de caso, estudos de caso e séries de casos mais antigos pessoas com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 com mais e menos de 80 anos. Na seleção dos casos, a prioridade foi dada ao perfil clínico e epidemiológico, padrões laboratoriais e de imagem, e avaliação geriátrica abrangente. Resultados: Foram identificados 1.149 artigos. Após a aplicação dos filtros, obteve-se um total de 15 publicações de relatos de caso e registros completos de 27 idosos. A faixa etária mais frequente foi de 60 a 69 anos. Há pouca literatura sobre relatos de casos de adultos com mais de 80 anos. Os parâmetros mais frequentes foram hipertensão, febre, tosse, dificuldade respiratória, vidro fosco na radiografia e tomografia de tórax. Também foram observados diminuição da PaO2 / FiO2 e linfócitos, e aumento da proteína C reativa e Interleucina 6. Conclusões: Esta revisão sistemática encontrou poucas informações disponíveis sobre pacientes com menos de 80 anos, em quantidade ainda menor para aqueles com mais de 80 anos, além de uma ausência de avaliação geriátrica abrangente.

ABSTRACT. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, higher morbidity and mortality have been reported in older adults. This age group presents physiological changes and its own clinical conditions such as frailty, dementia, among others. Objective: To describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients, both over and under 80 years old, by conducting a systematic review of the literature describing case reports, and to summarize and critically assess these characteristics. Methods: Systematic review. The study was registered on the Registry of Health Research Projects (PRISA) of the Peruvian National Institute of Health (code EI00000631). Five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, LILACS, and SCIELO) were systematically searched during the period between December 31, 2019 and April 16, 2020. The search focused on case reports, case studies, and case series of older people with COVID-19 infection aged over or under 80 years. When selecting the cases, priority was given to clinical and epidemiological profile, laboratory and imaging patterns, and comprehensive geriatric evaluation. Results: 1,149 articles were identified; after applying the filters, a total of 15 publications of case reports and complete records of 27 older adults were obtained. The most frequent age group was between 60 to 69 years old. There is little literature regarding case reports of older adults aged over 80 years. The most frequent parameters were hypertension, fever, cough, respiratory distress, ground-glass opacification in chest radiography and tomography. Furthermore, decrease in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lymphocytes, and increase in C-reactive protein and Interleukin 6 were observed. Conclusions: This systematic review found little available information of patients under 80 years old, and far less for those over 80 years old, and an absence of comprehensive geriatric assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and sustainability of health, water, and sanitation interventions in Bolivia six years post-project. METHODS: A mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) study was conducted in 14 rural intervention and control communities in Bolivia in November 2008, six years after the completion of interventions designed to improve knowledge and practices related to maternal and child health and nutrition, community water systems, and household water and sanitation facilities. The degree to which participants had sustained the community and household practices promoted by the interventions was a particular focus. Community site visits were made to evaluate the status (functional condition) and sustainability (state of maintenance and repair) of community and household water and sanitation infrastructure. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to assess knowledge and practices, and perceptions about the value of the interventions to the community. RESULTS: Six years post-project, participants remained committed to sustaining the practices promoted in the interventions. The average rating for the functional condition of community water systems was 42% higher than the average rating in control communities. In addition, more than two-thirds of households continued to practice selected maternal and child health behaviors promoted by the interventions (compared to less than half of the households in the control communities). Communities that received integrated investments (development and health) seemed to sustain the practices promoted in the interventions better than communities that received assistance in only one of the two sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Infrastructure for community water systems and household water and sanitation facilities was better built and maintained, and selected maternal and child health behaviors practiced more frequently, in intervention communities versus control communities.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la repercusión y la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones relacionadas con la salud, el abastecimiento de agua y el saneamiento en Bolivia seis años después de la realización del proyecto. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de metodología mixta (cualitativa y cuantitativa) en 12 comunidades rurales donde se efectuó la intervención y 2 de control en Bolivia en noviembre del 2008, seis años después de la finalización de las intervenciones enfocadas a mejorar el conocimiento y las prácticas relacionadas con la salud y la nutrición maternoinfantil, los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua comunitarios y las instalaciones de abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento domiciliarias. Se estudió, en particular, el grado en el cual los participantes continuaban realizando las prácticas domiciliarias y comunitarias promovidas por las intervenciones. Se efectuaron visitas a sitios de la comunidad para evaluar el estado (condición funcional) y la sostenibilidad (estado de mantenimiento y reparación) de la infraestructura de abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento domiciliaria y comunitaria. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas a informantes clave y análisis basados en grupos de discusión para evaluar el conocimiento, las prácticas y las percepciones acerca del valor de las intervenciones comunitarias. RESULTADOS: Seis años después del proyecto, los participantes continuaban llevando a cabo las prácticas promovidas en las intervenciones. La calificación promedio para la condición funcional de los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua comunitarios fue 42% más alta que la calificación promedio en las comunidades de control. Además, en más de dos terceras partes de los hogares se seguían poniendo en práctica ciertos hábitos relacionados con la salud maternoinfantil promovidos en las intervenciones (en comparación con menos de la mitad de los hogares en las comunidades de control). Las comunidades que recibieron inversiones integradas (desarrollo y salud) parecían conservar las prácticas promovidas en las intervenciones en mayor medida que las comunidades que recibieron ayuda solo en uno de los dos sectores. CONCLUSIONES: La infraestructura de los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua comunitarios y las instalaciones domiciliarias de abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento estaban mejor construidas y mantenidas, y ciertos hábitos de salud maternoinfantil se ponían en práctica con mayor frecuencia, en las comunidades de la intervención en comparación con las comunidades de control.

La necesidad de incorporar una alternativa para el monitoreo y control de la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleóptera: Curculionidae) factible de ser utilizada por los productores de café, en la comunidad del Choro, perteneciente al municipio de Coripata, segunda sección de la Provincia Nor Yungas del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia, se evaluó la captura de adultos de broca utilizando 45 trampas en 1,5 hectáreas (ha) distribuidas al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizaron tres tipos de trampas artesanales construidas con envases plásticos desechables de bebidas gaseosas, trampas Casera, Brocap, y Yessica, se evaluaron tres tratamientos: mezcla de alcoholes metílico (M) y etílico (E) en proporción 3:1; mezcla 1:1 de M y E; mezcla 1:1:1 de M, E y cereza fresca de café licuado (CFCL), y agua como testigo. Las mayores capturas de adultos se presentaron en las trampas caseras con mezclas que contenían mezcla de M-E 3:1 con promedios (± desviación estándar) adultos/trampa/diez días de 3414,5±3227,7), superando al resto de los tratamientos. La trampa casera es una de las alternativas para el control y monitoreo de la broca en las plantaciones de café. El uso de las trampas artesanales con atrayentes alcohólicos para la captura de brocas adultas, se presenta como una alternativa de bajo costo, siendo factible su uso exitoso por parte de los productores en programas de manejo integrado.

The necessity to incorporate an alternative, for monitoring and control of the borer coffee, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Choleoptera: Curculionidae) to be feasible for the use of the coffee producers, in the community Choro, Coripata municipality, second section of Nor Yungas province, La Paz Bolivia. It was evaluated the capture of adult borer coffee individuals using 45 traps into 1,5 hectares distributed at random with four repetitions. It was used three types of craft traps, built with disposable plastic bottles of soft drinks, with the traps Casera, Brocap and Yessica, were evaluated three treatments: mixture of alcohols methyl (M) and ethylic (E) in proportions 3:1; mix 1:1 of (M) and (E); mix 1:1:1 of (M) (E) and coffee fresh cherry liquated (CFCL) and water as a witness. The largest captures of adult individuals, were present in the crafting traps with mixture of (M)(E) 3:1 with overalls (± standard deviation) adults/traps/ten days of 3414,5±3227,7 being superior to the other treatments. The crafting trap is one of the alternatives for the control and monitoring of the borer in the coffee plantations. The use of crafting traps with alcoholic attractants for the capture of adult individuals, is present as a low cost alternative, being feasible the successful use by the producers into the management integrated programs.

El estudio sobre la abundancia relativa de Boophilus microplus & Amblyomma cajennense se realizó en 32 colonias, distribuidas en dos zonas ecológicas (ZE) y dos regímenes pluviales de la zona de Yucumo, Beni Bolivia. Se efectuaron visitas cada veinte día para recolectar acarinos de la población de ganado bovino utilizando el método del derribe. El número total de acarinos se consideraba, el total de ectoparásitos muestreados de cada animal y se sumaban todos los animales muestreados de cada colonia, el valor de cada animal se lo dividía entre el total de los animales de cada colonia para determinar el promedio de garrapatas por colonia. Se detectó B. microplus en todas las colonias, a lo largo de los meses de mayo a octubre (2008). Se hicieron análisis estadísticos de comparación de medias y no se encontraron diferencias entre ZE, colonias para Boophilus microplus, en tanto Amblyomma cajennense se la encontró en asociación con Boophilus microplus en la pradera. Pese a que no se encontraron diferencias entre sistemas de producción, se hace énfasis en que la frecuencia relativa de infestación del ganado en las ZE estudiadas es muy similar a excepción de la colonia 6 de agosto que corresponde a la ZE serranía que presenta valores elevados de acarinos por animal. Se recomienda la necesidad de desarrollar trabajos que permitan conocer la diversidad de este importante grupo de artrópodos en la zona de colonización de Yucumo, provincia Gral. José Ballivián, Beni, Bolivia, teniendo en cuenta la posibilidad que estas provoquen problemas de salud publica no solo en animales, sino que lleguen a afectar al ser humano.

The study on the relative abundance of Amblyomma Boophilus microplus & cajennense was conducted in 32 colonies, divided into two ecological zones (ZE) and two rainfall regimes in the area of Yucumo, Beni, Bolivia. Visits were made every twenty day to collect mite of cattle population using the method of demolition. The total number of mite was considered, the total number of ectoparasites sampled from each animal and all animals were added to each colony sampled, the value of each animal was divided it between all the animals of each colony to determine the average number of ticks per colony. Was detected B. microplus in all the colonies, during the months of May to October (2008). Statistical analysis was done for comparison of means and no differences were found between ZE, colonies for Boophilus microplus, Amblyomma cajennense as is found in association with the Boophilus microplus on the prairie. Although there were no differences between production systems, it emphasizes that the relative frequency of infestation of cattle in the ZE studied is very similar except for the colony August 6 ZE corresponding to the ridge which has elevated mite per animal. The need is to develop work which show the diversity of this important group of arthropods in the settlement area Yucumo, General José Province Ballivián, Beni, Bolivia, taking into account the possibility that these cause public health problems not only in animals, but that they affect humans.

Reflete sobre algumas questões importantes para o arranjo de fotografias em arquivos. Considera-se aqui o arranjo arquivístico um ato de comunicação e, como tal, se estrutura através do enunciado narrativo da vida e obra de José Pedro Miranda, intelectual e historiador que na segunda metade do século XX produziu e acumulou vasta documentação sobre Ribeirão Preto, em especial um número significativo de fotografias. E através deste propõe-se analisar a narrativa circunscrita no âmbito das fotografias coletadas por José Pedro Miranda. Para tanto se discute o estatuto documental da fotografia, destacando que em um ambiente de arquivo a fotografia adquire significado na série além da unidade, e que portanto, os conjuntos fotográficos construídos por José Pedro Miranda tornam-se expressão e materialidade de sua compreensão e produção intelectual. Interpretações sobre a construção de bibliotecas como narrativas são utilizadas como alusão a uma possibilidade de entendimento dos arquivos pessoais.

This article addresses some important matters regarding the arrangement of photographs in archives. It considers archiving an act of communication. As such, it is structured around the narrative of the life and work of José Pedro Miranda, a conservative intellectual and historian who produced a great deal of documentation, particularly a significant number of photographs of the city of Ribeirão Preto, in the second half of the Twentieth Century. We shall analyze the photos collected by José Pedro Miranda. Thus, the documental nature of photography is discussed, with an emphasis on the archival environment, where significance exists in a series, as well as in the unit. Interpretations of construction of libraries as narratives are used as a reference to the possibility of understanding personal archives.