Abstract Background: Sarcopenia is a disease that involves skeletal muscle mass loss and is highly prevalent in the older adult population. Moreover, the incidence of sarcopenia is increased in patients with hypertension. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the association between the classes of the drugs used for arterial hypertension treatment and the presence or absence of sarcopenia. Methods: 129 older adults with hypertension were evaluated by the researchers who registered the participants medication for arterial hypertension treatment. Sarcopenia level was measured by anthropometric parameters, muscular strength, and functional capacity. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc test and Fisher’s exact test; statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Age was not different between women with different levels of sarcopenia, but significant differences were observed between men with absent sarcopenia (66.8±4.2 years) and men with probable sarcopenia (77.0±10.2 years). Individuals with absent sarcopenia showed higher handgrip strength (men: 33.8±7.4, women: 23.2±4.6 Kgf) in comparison with those with sarcopenia (men with probable sarcopenia: 9.5±3.3 Kgf, women with probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia: 11.7±2.5, 12.2±3.0, 11.8±1.8 Kgf, respectively). The analysis showed an association between the type of medication and degree of sarcopenia; diuretics were significantly associated with probable sarcopenia, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (alone or in combination with diuretics) was associated with absence of sarcopenia. Conclusion: In conclusion, handgrip strength was a good method to diagnose sarcopenia, and diuretics were associated with increased risk of sarcopenia in older adults with hypertension.

Background: A population study is an important tool that can be used to understand the actual epidemiological scenario of the Covid-19 in different territories, identify its magnitude, understand its transmission dynamics, and its demographic, geographical, and social distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of two Brazilian cities during the pandemic first wave and subsequent socioeconomic and health effects. Materials & methods: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4%) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6%) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9% of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2%). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5% in all cities, 6.2% in Ouro Preto, and 4.7% in Mariana. The prevalence was similar between cities (P>0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective in verifying the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content and appearance of an electronic tool for the monitoring of newborns with congenital syphilis. Method: Methodological study of validation of content and appearance. Data were collected from June to August 2018 with the use of assessment instruments for validation by seven medical specialists who teach at a higher education institution, with experience in pediatrics and/or infectious diseases, and who have completed their undergraduate courses more than 16 years ago. Content Validity Index with an established value of 0.78 was used. Results: Regarding structure and presentation, objectives and relevance, all items were considered validated by the experts. The global Content Validity Index was 0.97. Conclusion: The electronic tool was validated for content and appearance, and its contribution to nurses and doctors in primary care was the production of an easy-to-use tool for effective clinical monitoring of infants with congenital syphilis.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: validar el contenido y la apariencia de un programa electrónico para el seguimiento clínico del recién nacido con sífilis congénita. Método: Estudio metodológico, validación de apariencia y contenido. Los datos fueron recopilados de junio a agosto de 2018 con instrumentos de evaluación para su validación por parte de siete especialistas médicos del cuerpo docente de una institución de enseñanza superior, con experiencia en pediatría y/o infectología, con un período de formación de más de 16 años. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el Índice de Validez de Contenido con un valor establecido de 0,78. Resultados: en lo que respecta a la estructura y presentación, los objetivos y la relevancia, todos los ítems fueron considerados validados por parte de los especialistas. El Índice de Validez de Contenido global fue de 0,97. Conclusión: el programa electrónico fue validado en cuanto a su contenido y apariencia, en el cual contribuyeron enfermeros y médicos del área de Atención Básica y la producción de una herramienta de fácil utilización para un efectivo seguimiento clínico del recién nacido con sífilis congénita.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um programa eletrônico para seguimento clínico do recém-nascido com sífilis congênita. Método: estudo metodológico, de validação de aparência e conteúdo. Os dados foram coletados de junho a agosto de 2018 com instrumentos de avaliação para validação por sete especialistas médicos docentes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, com experiência em pediatria e/ou infectologia, com tempo de formação superior a 16 anos. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo com valor estabelecido de 0,78. Resultados: quanto à estrutura e apresentação, objetivos e relevância, todos os itens foram considerados validados pelos especialistas. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global foi 0,97. Conclusão: o programa eletrônico foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência, tendo como contribuição, aos enfermeiros e médicos da Atenção Básica, a produção de uma ferramenta de fácil utilização para o efetivo seguimento clínico ao recém-nascido com sífilis congênita.

RESUMO Introdução : Considerando que a prática do jejum pré-operatório é baseada nas observações do retardo do esvaziamento gástrico após a indução anestésica e que o tempo deste jejum está intimamente ligado à resposta orgânica ao trauma, surge o questionamento acerca do período de jejum necessário para minimizar tal resposta e respaldar a atuação profissional em evidências clinicocientíficas. Objetivo : Revisar a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório, sob o ponto de vista metabólico, da fisiologia do esvaziamento gástrico, seus benefícios clínicos e recomendações atualmente vigentes. Método : A revisão foi baseada em artigos e guidelines publicados em inglês e português, sem restrição de tempo até janeiro de 2017, no PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane com os descritores: cirurgia, jejum pré-operatório, carboidrato. Do universo consultado 31 artigos foram selecionados. Resultados : A literatura aponta que a abreviação do jejum com bebida enriquecida com carboidratos até 2 h antes do procedimento cirúrgico pode trazer benefícios sobre parâmetros glicêmicos, funcionais, redução da hospitalização, além de não oferecer risco de broncoaspiração em indivíduos saudáveis submetidos à operações eletivas. Outro nutriente frequentemente adicionado a esta solução de carboidratos, com resultados promissores, é a glutamina. Conclusão : A abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com bebida enriquecida com carboidratos ou carboidratos e glutamina parece mostrar-se eficaz no cuidado ao paciente cirúrgico otimizando a recuperação do período pós-operatório.

ABSTRACT Introduction : Considering the practice of preoperative fasting based on observations on the gastric emptying delay after induction and the time of this fast is closely linked to organic response to trauma, arise the question about preoperative fasting period necessary to minimize such response and support the professional with clinical and scientific evidence. Aim : To review the aspects related to the abbreviation of preoperative fasting from the metabolic point of view, physiology of gastric emptying, its clinical benefits and the currently recommendations. Method : Literature review was based on articles and guidelines published in English and Portuguese, without restriction of time until January 2017, in PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane with the descriptors: surgery, preoperative fasting, carbohydrate. From the universe consulted, 31 articles were selected. Results : The literature suggests that the abbreviation of fasting with beverage added carbohydrates until 2 h before surgery, can bring benefits on glycemic and functional parameters, reduces hospitalization, and does not present aspiration risk of healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. Another nutrient that has been added to the carbohydrate solution and has shown promising results is glutamine. Conclusion : The abbreviation of preoperative fasting with enriched beverage with carbohydrates or carbohydrate and glutamine seems to be effective in the care of the surgical patient, optimizing the recovery from of postoperative period.

RESUMO: Carrapatos são conhecidos mundialmente por parasitar uma série de hospedeiros silvestres. No entanto, poucos são os estudos realizados com carrapatos em Jardins Zoológicos no Brasil. O presente estudo objetivou coletar, identificar e relatar a fauna parasitária de carrapatos de animais silvestres Amazônicos resgatados e atendidos no Zoológico de Santarém, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a setembro de 2013. Ao todo foram amostrados 56 animais incluindo 26 mamíferos e 30 répteis, no qual foram coletados e identificados 1172 carrapatos distribuídos em 862 adultos, 284 ninfas e 26 larvas. Foram identificados de forma inédita no presente estudo ninfas de Amblyomma geayi em preguiça-de-três-dedos (Bradypus tridactylus), adultos de Amblyomma longirostre em ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou nycthemera), além de ninfas de Amblyomma naponense em tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) no país. Apesar da região Norte ser a maior entre as cinco regiões brasileiras, este é o primeiro trabalho realizado com animais atendidos em Zoológico utilizando os carrapatos como alvo de estudo na Amazônia nacional.

ABSTRACT: Ticks are known worldwide for parasitizing a number of wild hosts. However, few studies have been conducted on ticks in zoos in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to collect, identify, and report the parasitic tick fauna found on wild Amazon animals received and attended at the Santarém Zoological Park from September 2004 to September 2013. In all, 56 animals, including 26 mammals and 30 reptiles, were sampled, from which 1172 ticks were collected and identified, comprising 862 adults, 284 nymphs, and 26 larvae. Nymphs of Amblyomma geayi on three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), adults of Amblyomma longirostre on black dwarf porcupine (Coendou nycthemera), and nymphs of Amblyomma naponense on southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) were identified for the first time in the country in the present study. Although, the North region is the largest among the five Brazilian regions, this is the first study conducted with ticks and animals attended in a zoo in the Brazilian Amazon.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da criança é um processo contínuo, dinâmico e não linear, no qual o movimento configura uma das necessidades vitais do ser humano. Este estudo quase-experimental teve por objetivo analisar a magnitude da mudança no nível coordenativo de 43 escolares com idade entre 6 e 7 anos, de ambos os sexos, submetidos a dois distintos programas de intervenção de atividades físicas, separados em grupo experimental (GE) e grupo controle (GC). Para avaliar a coordenação motora utilizou-se o Körperkoordinationstest Test Für Kinder (KTK). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística aplicando-se os testes de normalidade e t - student (para amostras independentes e para amostras pareadas). Os resultados indicaram que, no geral, os meninos obtiveram escores médios superiores aos das meninas, e, houve um decréscimo nos níveis de coordenação em escolares com idade mais avançada. Além disso, constatou-se que o GE obteve índices mais elevados que o GC.

ABSTRACT Child development is a continuous process, dynamic and non-linear, in which the movement sets up one of the vital needs of the human being. This quasi-experimental study aimed to analyze the magnitude of change in the coordinative level of 43 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years, of both sexes, subject to two distinct physical activity intervention programs, separated in the experimental group (GE) and control group (GC). To evaluate the motor control using the Körperkoordinationstest Test Für Kinder (KTK). The data were subjected to statistical analysis by applying the tests of normality and t-student (for independent samples and for paired samples). The results indicated that, in General, boys obtained average scores above those of girls, and there was a decrease in the levels of coordination in schools with older age. In addition, it was noted that the GE obtained higher that the GC.

O objetivo deste artigo foi levantar informações sobre o atendimento psicológico prestado às mães de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual, bem como aos autores dessa violência. A literatura mostra a importância de incluir familiares não abusivos no tratamento da vítima, tendo em vista seu envolvimento na situação. Além disso, aponta que a discussão sobre o atendimento psicológico aos perpetradores também é necessário para que se possa intervir no ciclo da violência, prevenindo novas vítimas. Por fim, são discutidos os sentimentos de mães e perpetradores frente à revelação do abuso, objetivos do tratamento em cada caso e os aspectos psicológicos relacionados. São também apresentados alguns estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre experiências de tratamentos e algumas dificuldades práticas para o andamento dos tratamentos e para se realizar estudos sobre essa temática, sobretudo no Brasil.

The aim of this article was to gather information about the psychological care provided to mothers of children and adolescent victims of sexual abuse and the perpetrators of such violence. The literature demonstrates the importance of including non abusive relatives in the treatment of victims, due to their involvement with the situation. Discussing psychological support to the perpetrators is also necessary to intervene in the cycle of violence, preventing new victims. The paper focuses on the feelings of mothers and perpetrators at the moment of the abuse disclosure, the goals of the provided care in each case, and related psychological aspects. It also presents some national and international studies that report the experiences of these processes. Some practical barriers in the progress of the psychological care, as well as the difficulties of conducting studies on this topic, especially in Brazil, are reported.