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Resumo A verificação de mudanças morfológicas e fisiológicas sob diferentes condições luminosas em espécies frutíferas nativas em estágio juvenil é importante, uma vez que indicam o ambiente adequado para a formação de mudas com alto vigor. Objetivou-se verificar o crescimento e as alterações morfofisiológicas sob gradiente de sombreamento em mudas de feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) para obter mudas de boa qualidade, adequadas para fomentar os plantios da espécie em pomares. As mudas foram cultivadas por vinte e um meses sob quatro tratamentos de sombreamento (0%, 30%, 50% e 80%). Foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento, pigmentos fotossintéticos, trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila e anatomia foliar. Mudas a pleno sol e 30% de sombra apresentaram maior crescimento em altura, diâmetro e acúmulo de massa seca, devido à maior taxa de fotossíntese. Como principais mecanismos de aclimatação sob 80% de sombra, as mudas desenvolveram maior área foliar, redução da espessura do limbo foliar e aumento do rendimento quântico do fotossistema II. Mesmo assim, a assimilação líquida de CO2 e a taxa de transporte de elétrons foram menores e, consequentemente, houve restrição ao crescimento e acúmulo de massa seca das mudas no maior nível de sombreamento. Portanto, para a obtenção de mudas de feijoa de maior qualidade, recomendamos que seja realizada a pleno sol ou até 30% de sombra, para maximizar o vigor das mudas em viveiros e, posteriormente, este ambiente de luz também pode ser utilizado em pomares para favorecer o crescimento e a produção de frutos.

Abstract Understanding morphological and physiological changes under different light conditions in native fruit species in juveniles’ stage is important, as it indicate the appropriate environment to achieve vigorous saplings. We aimed to verify growth and morphophysiological changes under shade gradient in feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) to achieve good quality saplings adequate to improve cultivation in orchards. The saplings were grown for twenty-one-month under four shading treatments (0%, 30%, 50%, and 80%). Growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf anatomy parameters were evaluated. Saplings under full sun and 30% shade had higher height and diameter growth and dry mass accumulation due to higher photosynthesis rate. As main acclimatization mechanisms in feijoa saplings under 80% shade were developed larger leaf area, reduced leaf blade thickness, and enhanced quantum yield of photosystem II. Even so, the net CO2 assimilation and the electron transport rate was lower and, consequently, there was a restriction on the growth and dry mass in saplings under deep shade. Therefore, to obtain higher quality feijoa saplings, we recommend that it be carried out in full sun or up to 30% shade, to maximize the sapling vigor in nurseries and, later, this light environment can also be used in orchards for favor growth and fruit production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.252364

Prediction of visceral leishmaniasis incidence using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (SARIMA) in the state of Maranhão, Brazil
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Pimentel, K. B. A.

; Oliveira, R. S.

; Aragão, C. F.

; Aquino Júnior, J.

; Moura, M. E. S.

; Guimarães-e-Silva, A. S.

; Pinheiro, V. C. S.

; Gonçalves, E. G. R.

; Silva, A. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e257402

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença de natureza infecciosa, predominante em países de zonas tropicais. A predição de ocorrência de doenças infecciosas através da modelagem epidemiológica tem se revelado uma importante ferramenta no entendimento de sua dinâmica de ocorrência. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de previsão da incidência da LV no Maranhão usando o modelo de Média Móvel Integrada Autocorrelacionada Sazonal (SARIMA). Foram coletados os dados mensais de casos de LV através do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) correspondentes ao período de 2001 a 2018. O método de Box-Jenkins foi aplicado para ajustar um modelo de predição SARIMA para incidência geral e por sexo (masculino e feminino) de LV para o período de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2023. Durante o período de 216 meses dessa série temporal, foram registrados 10.431 casos de LV no Maranhão, com uma média de 579 casos por ano. Em relação à faixa etária, houve maior registro no público pediátrico (0 a 14 anos). Houve predominância do sexo masculino, com 6437 casos (61,71%). Os valores do teste de Box-Pierce para incidência geral, sexo masculino e feminino reforçados pelos resultados do teste Ljung-Box sugerem que as autocorrelações de resíduos apresentam um comportamento de ruído branco. Para incidência mensal geral e por sexo masculino e feminino, os modelos SARIMA (2,0,0) (2,0,0), (0,1,1) (0,1,1) e (0,1,1) (2, 0, 0) foram os que mais se ajustaram aos dados, respectivamente. O modelo SARIMA se mostrou uma ferramenta adequada de previsão e análise da tendência de incidência da LV no Maranhão. A determinação da variação temporal e sua predição são determinantes no norteamento de medidas de intervenção em saúde.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease predominant in countries located in the tropics. The prediction of occurrence of infectious diseases through epidemiologic modeling has revealed to be an important tool in the understanding of its occurrence dynamic. The objective of this study was to develop a forecasting model for the incidence of VL in Maranhão using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (SARIMA). We collected monthly data regarding VL cases from the National Disease Notification System (SINAN) corresponding to the period between 2001 and 2018. The Box-Jenkins method was applied in order to adjust a SARIMA prediction model for VL general incidence and by sex (male or female) for the period between January 2019 and December 2013. For 216 months of this time series, 10,431 cases of VL were notified in Maranhão, with an average of 579 cases per year. With regard to age range, there was a higher incidence among the pediatric public (0 to 14 years of age). There was a predominance in male cases, 6437 (61.71%). The Box-Pierce test figures for overall, male and female genders supported by the results of the Ljung-Box test suggest that the autocorrelations of residual values act as white noise. Regarding monthly occurrences in general and by gender, the SARIMA models (2,0,0) (2,0,0), (0,1,1) (0,1,1) and (0,1,1) (2, 0, 0) were the ones that mostly adjusted to the data respectively. The model SARIMA has proven to be an adequate tool for predicting and analyzing the trends in VL incidence in Maranhão. The time variation determination and its prediction are decisive in providing guidance in health measure intervention.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257402

Dopamine depletion in wistar rats with epilepsy
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Trindade-Filho, E. M.

; Pai, J. Dal

; Castro, D. N. de

; Silva, A. T. M. da

; Costa, A. F.

; Vieira, J. S. S.

; Santos, S. D. B. dos

; Félix, V. B.

; Leão, S. A. B. F.

; Zambrano, L. I.

; Saldanha-Filho, A. J. M.

; Carvalho, E. G. A.

; Cavalcante, J. B. N.

; Quintella, G. B.

; Lino, A. T. S.

; Costa, M. V.

; Lima, J. A.

; Tavares, M. M. A.

; de Melo, M. R.

; Mousinho, K. C.

; Biase, C. L. C. L. De

; Leite, M. L.

; Costa, P. J. M. S.

; Becker, E. L.

; Moura, I. M. F. B.

; Silva, J. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e248411

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O conteúdo de dopamina nas estruturas cerebrais tem sido relacionado à excitabilidade neuronal e várias abordagens têm sido utilizadas para estudar este fenômeno durante o período de vulnerabilidade às crises. No presente trabalho, descrevemos os efeitos da depleção de dopamina após a administração de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) na região pars compacta da substância negra de ratos submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia com pilocarpina. A susceptibilidade ao estado de mal epiléptico induzido pela pilocarpina, bem como a frequência de crises espontâneas e recorrentes durante o período crônico do modelo foi determinada. Sendo o hipocampo uma das principais estruturas afetadas no desenvolvimento desse modelo experimental de epilepsia, os níveis de dopamina nessa região foram determinados após a administração da droga. No primeiro experimento, 62% (15/24) dos ratos pré-tratados com 6-OHDA e 45% (11/24) daqueles que receberam ácido ascórbico como solução controle evoluíram para crises límbicas motoras e para o estado de mal epiléptico, após a administração de pilocarpina. A gravidade das crises durante o período agudo do modelo foi significativamente maior nos ratos epilépticos experimentais (56,52%) do que nos ratos controle (4,16%). No segundo experimento, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à frequência de crises na fase crônica do modelo. Nossos dados mostraram que a dopamina pode desempenhar um papel importante na gravidade das crises na fase aguda da pilo, o que parece ser exercido por sua ação inibitória da dopamina sobre a expressão motora das crises.

Abstract The dopamine content in cerebral structures has been related to neuronal excitability and several approaches have been used to study this phenomenon during seizure vulnerability period. In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), as well as spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency during the chronic period of the model were determined. Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. Severeness of seizures during the model´s the acute period, was significantly higher in epileptic experimental rats (56.52%), than in controls (4.16%). In the second experiment, the frequency of seizures in the model’s chronic phase did not significantly change between groups. Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo’s model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248411

Salt stress and organic fertilization on the growth and biochemical metabolism of Hylocereus costaricensis (red pitaya) seedlings
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Oliveira, L. M.

; Mendonça, V.

; Moura, E. A.

; Irineu, T. H. S.

; Figueiredo, F. R. A.

; Melo, M. F.

; Celedonio, W. F.

; Rêgo, A. L. B.

; Mendonça, L. F. M.

; Andrade, A. D. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e258476

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A pitaia vermelha (Hylocereus costaricensis) é uma promissora espécie, com elevado potencial de cultivo devido às qualidades organolépticas e funcionais de seus frutos. Entretanto, a salinidade da água de irrigação pode afetar o rendimento produtivo da cultura. Diante disso, materiais ricos em substâncias orgânicas podem minimizar os danos provocados pelo excesso de sais no solo e/ou na água. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de fontes de matéria orgânica como atenuante do estresse salino na produção e respostas bioquímicas de mudas de pitaia vermelha. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 5, com cinco fontes de matéria orgânica (húmus, esterco ovino, biofertilizante, composto orgânico e areia + solo) e quatro salinidade (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 e 6.6 dS m-1), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por vaso foi utilizado. O comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do cladódio, número de cladódios, número de brotos, volume da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total, razão da massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea, clorofila a, b e total, aminoácidos e os açúcares solúveis foram avaliados aos 120 dias após o início da aplicação dos tratamentos. A pitaia vermelha é moderadamente tolerante a salinidade. O composto orgânico e estrume ovino atenuam os efeitos nocivos da salinidade nas mudas de pitaia vermelha. Sob condições de estresse salino, as plantas aumentam os níveis de aminoácidos e açúcares totais.

Abstract Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a promising species, with high cultivation potential due to the organoleptic and functional qualities of its fruits. However, irrigation water salinity can affect the crop yield. Therefore, materials rich in organic substances can minimize the damage caused by excess salts in soil and/or water. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic matter sources as attenuators of salt stress on the production and biochemical responses of red pitaya seedlings. A completely randomized design in 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with five sources of organic matter (humus, sheep manure, biofertilizer, organic compost and sand + soil) and four salinities (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 and 6.6 dS m-1) with four replicates and two plants per plot was used. The shoot length, root length, cladode diameter, number of cladodes, number of sprotus, root volume, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, root and shoot dry mass ratio, chlorophyll a, b and total, amino acids and soluble sugars were evaluated at 120 days after the treatments began to be applied. Red pitaya is moderately tolerant to salinity (ECw from 4.0 to 6.0 dS m-1). Organic compost and sheep manure attenuate the harmful effects of salinity on red pitaya seedlings. Under salt stress conditions, red pitaya plants increase their levels of proline, amino acids and total sugars.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258476

MICROCLIMATE AND IRRIGATION AFFECT THE GROWTH DYNAMICS OF SUGARCANE IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT
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Carvalho, Herica F. de S.

; Silva, Thieres G. F. da

; Santos, Cloves V. B. dos

; Silva, Marcelo J. da

; Leitão, Mario de M. V. B. R.

; Moura, Magna S. B. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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dec 2023, Volume 43 N. 6 elocation e20230145

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess how microclimate variables and irrigation affect the growth of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted using the VAT90-212 cultivar in the Semi-arid region of Brazil. The microclimate was monitored and by quantifying the irrigation depth. Nine campaigns were carried out in the field to collect morphological and biomass data. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, so as to generate the mean values and/or sum between the campaigns. Using the correlation coefficient, the extent, sign and significance of the relationship between the response and explanatory variables were evaluated. The direct or indirect effects of the explanatory variables on the response variables were identified by path analysis. There was a significant correlation between microclimate variables and the morphological and biomass variables of the sugarcane, with a strong contribution from the intercepted fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation, the wind speed and soil temperature. The negative correlation with irrigation suggests that excess water impaired the growth dynamics of the crop. It is concluded that the growth of sugarcane is closely related to its capacity to intercept radiation, to the wind, thermal regime of the soil and irrigation management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n6e20230145/2023

Effect of feeding frequency and water salinization on early development of Pyrrhulina brevis, an Amazonian ornamental fish
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PINHEIRO JUNIOR, Arlindo dos S.

; OLIVEIRA, Leonnan C. C. de

; EIRAS, Bruno José C. F.

; LIMA, Wesley dos S.

; VERAS, Galileu C.

; MOURA, Lorena B. de

; SALARO, Ana L.

; CAMPELO, Daniel A. V.

Acta Amazonica

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jun 2023, Volume 53 N. 2 Pages 107 - 113

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Pyrrhulina brevis is an endemic fish from the Amazon basin that is valued in the ornamental fish market. In larviculture, fish are very sensitive to stressors and have a high mortality rate. Salinized water may provide more energy to overcome stress and feeding frequency is an important strategy to improve productive performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the best feeding frequency and the best level of water salinization for larval development of P. brevis. A total of 360 post-larvae of P. brevis (5.26 ± 1.65 mg, 5.57 ± 0.68 mm) were randomly distributed in 36 aquariums (1 L) in a 3x4 factorial scheme, to evaluate three concentrations of salt in water (0, 1 and 2 g L-1) and four feeding frequencies (once, twice, three and four times a day). We offered 150 Artemia nauplii per day and per post-larvae during 15 days. The fish kept at 1 g L-1 salinized water, and those fed 3 and 4 times a day presented significantly greater final length and weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate for length and weight. An interaction between salinized water and feeding frequency was observed for survival rate. We conclude that, during the initial rearing phase of P. brevis, feeding frequency of three times a day and salinized water at 1 g L-1 is recommended.

RESUMO Pyrrhulina brevis é um peixe endêmico da bacia amazônica que apresenta bons valores no mercado de peixes ornamentais. Na larvicultura, os peixes são muito sensíveis aos estressores e apresentam alta taxa de mortalidade. A água salinizada pode fornecer mais energia para superar o estresse e a frequência alimentar é uma estratégia importante para melhorar o desempenho produtivo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a melhor frequência alimentar e o melhor nível de salinização da água para o desenvolvimento larval de P. brevis. Um total de 360 pós-larvas de P. brevis (5,26 ± 1,65 mg, 5,57 ± 0,68 mm) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 36 aquários (1 L) em esquema fatorial 3x4, para avaliar três concentrações de sal na água (0, 1 e 2 g L-1) e quatro frequências de alimentação (uma, duas, três e quatro vezes ao dia). Foram oferecidas 150 náuplios de Artemia por dia e por pós-larva, durante 15 dias. Os peixes mantidos com 1 g L-1 de água salinizada e os alimentados 3 e 4 vezes ao dia apresentaram comprimento e peso finais, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico para comprimento e peso significativamente maiores. Uma interação entre água salinizada e frequência alimentar foi observada para a taxa de sobrevivência. Concluímos que, durante a fase inicial de criação de P. brevis, recomenda-se uma frequência alimentar de três vezes ao dia e água salinizada a 1 g L-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202200602

Alcohol use in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Brazil
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Moura, Helena F.

; von Diemen, Lisia

; Bulzing, Rugero A.

; Meyer, Jacob

; Grabovac, Igor

; López-Sánchez, Guillermo F.

; Sadarangani, Kabir P.

; Tully, Mark A.

; Smith, Lee

; Schuch, Felipe B.

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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2023, Volume 45 elocation e20210337

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives To assess alcohol use and perceived change in alcohol consumption (before and during the pandemic) in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, their correlates, and their associations with depressive, anxiety and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A). Methods This is a cross-sectional study comprising 992 individuals in self-isolation. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess whether participants were drinking during self-isolation and whether they changed their drinking behavior (drinking less, more, or no change) from before to during the pandemic. D&A symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Results A total of 68.5% of participants reported alcohol consumption during the pandemic, and 22.7% of these reported increased alcohol use. Smoking was positively associated with alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Alcohol consumption was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.06-1.85, p < 0.01) and D&A (OR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.02-1.87, p = 0.033) symptoms. Conclusions Drinking during self-isolation was prevalent and was associated with risk factors for alcohol use disorders. The long-term effects of high drinking rates and increased consumption should be proactively monitored and assessed.

https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0337

Evaluation of infection by Borrelia sp. in domestic and wild mammals and ticks from the Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco
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Farias, Ila F.

; Moura, Liliane M.D.

; Sá, João Claudio B. de

; Souza, Dênisson S.

; Torres-Santos, Paula Talita

; Oliveira, Jaqueline B.

; Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián

; Horta, Mauricio C.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07203

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Spirochetes in the genus Borrelia (Spirochaetes) are the etiological agents of two zoonotic diseases that have rodents as reservoirs: the Lyme disease, transmitted by ixodid ticks (Ixodidae), and tick-borne relapsing fever, which is transmitted mostly by argasid ticks (Argasidae). The information on the epidemiology of pathogens that affect animals is scarce, especially in places that have been barely studied, such as the Caatinga biome. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to detect DNA of Borrelia in the blood of wild and domestic mammals, as well as in ticks collected in the Catimbau National Park, State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Blood was collected from 77 captured wild animals belonging to Didelphidae (45), Echimyidae (21), Cricetidae (7), Caviidae (2), and Dasypodidae (2) families. Additionally, blood samples from 120 sheep, 119 goats, 70 dogs, and 47 cattle were obtained. A total of 286 ticks were collected in the environment and identified as Ornithodoros cf. tabajara (188) and Ornithodoros rietcorreai (98); in addition, larvae of Ornithodoros spp. were collected on Thrichomys laurentius (4 specimens) and Monodelphis domestica (1); larvae of O. rietcorreai on Didelphis albiventris (2) and T. laurentius (1); Amblyomma parvum on T. laurentius (4); Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) on dogs (121) and Rhipicephalus microplus on cattle (47). All blood samples, 120 free-living ticks, 46 O. rietcorreai and 74 O. cf. tabajara, and 12 R. sanguineus s.l. were submitted to DNA extraction to perform a polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), aiming at amplifying a fragment of the flaB gene present in all species of Borrelia. Only one free-living specimen of O. cf. tabajara (1.3%) was positive. Negative detections in mammals may be related to the absence of infection or the low concentration of the spirochetes in the hosts. The low prevalence of Borrelia found in ticks can be explained by the low infection rates that these spirochetes depict in their vectors. New studies focusing on the detection of antibodies, as well as on the sequencing and isolating Borrelia spp. should be encouraged for a better understanding of the epidemiology of these bacterial agents in the region.

RESUMO: No gênero Borrelia (Spirochaetes) encontram-se dois grupos de agentes responsáveis por duas doenças zoonóticas, que têm roedores como reservatórios e acometem humanos: o grupo de Lyme, transmitido por carrapatos ixodídeos, e a febre recorrente, que pode ser transmitida por carrapatos argasídeos ou piolhos. Poucas são as informações sobre epidemiologia e agentes patogênicos que acometem animais, podendo representar uma riquíssima fonte de informações, principalmente em locais nunca estudados, pois podem ser bioindicadores de qualidade do ambiente e saúde. Desta forma, no presente estudo foi realizada a pesquisa de Borrelia spp. em amostras de sangue de mamíferos silvestres e domésticos, assim como de carrapatos, do Parque Nacional do Catimbau, Pernambuco. Foi realizada a captura e colheita sanguínea de 77 animais pertencentes às famílias Didelphidae (45), Echimyidae (21), Cricetidae (7), Caviidae (2) e Dasypodidae (2). Adicionalmente, amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 120 ovinos, 119 caprinos, 70 cães e 47 bovinos. Foram coletados 286 carrapatos no ambiente, identificados como Ornithodoros cf. tabajara (188) e Ornithodoros rietcorreai (98); além de carrapatos coletados nos animais: Ornithodoros spp. em Thrichomys laurentius (4 espécimes) e Monodelphis domestica (1); O. rietcorreai em Didelphis albiventris (2) e T. laurentius (1); Amblyomma parvum em T. laurentius (4); Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) em cães (121) e R. microplus em bovinos (47). Todas as amostras sanguíneas, 120 carrapatos de vida livre, sendo 46 O. rietcorreai e 74 O. cf. tabajara, e 12 R. sanguineus s. l. foram submetidos à extração de DNA para realização da reação em cadeia da polimerase (nested-PCR), visando amplificação de um fragmento do gene flaB presente em todas as espécies de Borrelia. Não houve amplificação nas amostras sanguíneas dos animais, no entanto em um espécime de O. cf. tabajara de vida livre (1,3%) foi detectado o DNA de Borrelia. A não detecção nos mamíferos pode estar relacionada com a ausência de infecção ou à baixa concentração do agente nos hospedeiros. A baixa prevalência encontrada nos carrapatos pode ser justificada devido à baixa infecção nos vetores. Novos estudos focando na determinação de anticorpos, assim como no sequenciamento e isolamento de Borrelia devem ser estimulados para uma melhor compreensão da epidemiologia do agente na região.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7203

Experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in goats in the Brazilian semiarid: detection of T. vivax DNA in colostrum and assessment of lactogenic transmission
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Bezerra, Nicholas M.

; Teófilo, Tiago S.

; Araújo Júnior, Hélio N.

; Silva, Jardel B.

; Moura, Gabriela H.F.

; Costa, Kizzy M.F.M.

; Paiva, Kaliane A.R.

; Batista, Jael S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07119

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the presence of Trypanosoma vivax DNA in the colostrum of infected goats and to explore the possibility of transmission for neonates fed using colostrum collected from infected goats. We used twelve goats in the final third of gestation with an age of approximately 24 months. Six goats were inoculated intravenously with 0.5mL of blood containing approximately 1.25x105 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, and six remained uninfected. The presence of T. vivax in colostrum was evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The possibility of T. vivax transmission by colostrum was assessed by feeding six neonates born of serologically negative goats using colostrum from infected goats. Peripheral blood from neonates was collected daily for thirty days to assess the T. vivax presence through the examination of Giemsa-stained smears of leukocyte layers with the buffy coat technique (BCT) and by PCR. The results of a direct examination of colostrum were negative, but PCR confirmed the presence of T. vivax DNA in all infected goats. Additionally, lactogenic transmission by colostrum was not demonstrated once both BCT and PCR of neonate peripheral blood were negative.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de DNA de Trypanosoma vivax no colostro de cabras infectadas experimentalmente e verificar a possibilidade de transmissão para neonatos alimentados com colostro coletado de cabras infectadas. Foram utilizadas doze cabras no terço final de gestação com idade aproximada de 24 meses. Seis cabras foram inoculadas intravenosamente com 0,5mL de sangue contendo aproximadamente 1,25x105 tripomastigotas de T. vivax, e seis permaneceram não infectadas. A presença de T. vivax no colostro foi avaliada por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). A possibilidade de transmissão de T. vivax pelo colostro foi avaliada através da alimentação de seis neonatos nascidos de cabras sorologicamente negativas com colostro de cabras infectadas. Foi coletado diariamente o sangue periférico dos neonatos, por trinta dias para avaliar a presença de T. vivax através do exame de esfregaços de camadas leucocitárias coradas por giemsa, pela técnica BCT e por PCR. Os resultados do exame direto do colostro foram negativos, mas a PCR confirmou a presença de DNA de T. vivax no colostro em todas as cabras infectadas. Além disso, a transmissão lactogênica pelo colostro não foi demonstrada, uma vez que tanto a BCT quanto a PCR do sangue periférico do neonato foram negativas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7119

10.

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Rupestrian Precolonial Paintings of Inhuma, Piauí, Brazil
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Moura, Jacira I. de

; Lage, Maria Conceição S. M.

; Farias Filho, Benedito B.

; Faria, Dalva Lúcia A. de

; Barros, Wilkins O. de

; Loureiro, Hugo C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 N. 6 Pages 826 - 837

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The chemical-mineralogical characterization of rupestrian paintings in red, white, black and yellow colors, which decorate the rocky walls from the archaeological sites of Ema and Furna dos Índios (Inhuma, Piauí, Brazil) was performed. The chemical analyses were performed in situ by the non-invasive analytical technique X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) as well as in laboratory using a non-destructive approach, without previous sample preparation, and Raman microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) techniques. The results, when together, allowed unequivocal identification of the main substances responsible for the color pigments, namely, hematite (red pigment), gypsum (white pigment), amorphous carbon from charcoal (black pigment) and goethite (yellow pigment).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220151

11.

PESTICIDES IN PROCESSED FOOD - MULTIRESIDUE PESTICIDES IN NATURAL GRAPE JUICES BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY
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Chiarello, Marilda

; Crocoli, Luana C.

; Molon, Vinícius B.

; Moura, Sidnei

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 N. 5 Pages 405 - 413

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Grapes are among the most widely cultivated fruits in the world, with the majority of Brazilian production focusing on natural grape juice. In this work, a total of 40 samples of 2 types of natural grape juice were analyzed for the presence of 86 pesticide residues, with multiresidue extraction based on modified QuEChERS, by liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Limits of detection and quantification were below 6 µg L-1 and 20 µg L-1, RSD < 20%, R2 > 0.99 and recovery ranged from 80 and 120%. Thus, the developed method was validated and good performance characteristics such as linearity, trueness, repeatability and inter-day precision were obtained. As results, 7 pesticides were detected in real samples (azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, carbendazim, tebuconazol, thiophanate-methyl, pyriproxiphen and pyrimethanil). The method was successfully validated for simultaneous evaluation of 86 multiclass pesticides residues levels, which was applied in 40 natural white and red grape juice market samples. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were low enough and the method was tested on samples showing its applicability, and therefore, this method can be used in routine analysis. Also, this work therefore also serves as an alert regarding the contamination of processed products.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230024

12.

WATER DEMAND AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN ‘PALMER’ MANGO CULTIVATION IN THE LOW-MIDDLE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY
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Silva Junior, Francisco B. da

; Silva, Marcelo J. da

; Carvalho, Herica F. de S.

; Santos, Cloves Vilas Boas dos

; Silva, Thieres G. F. da

; Souza, Luciana S. B. de

; Leitão, Mario de M. Vilas Boas R.

; Moura, Magna S. B. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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2023, Volume 43 N. 3 elocation e20220189

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the mango cv. ‘Palmer’ over two productive cycles, analyzing water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) to propose average crop coefficient (Kc) values for improving irrigation management under cultivation conditions in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021 in a commercial ‘Palmer’ mango orchard in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Micrometeorological data was collected throughout the experimental period. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and then the Kc, WUE, and CWP were determined. The highest ETc values occurred during the floral induction phase (5.14 ± 0.85 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.85; however, the lowest values were observed during the fruit maturation phase (3.60 ± 0.73 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.91. Average water consumption per cycle was 1445 mm, with a daily average of 4.39 mm day-1. WUE and CWP were 16.9 and 24.5 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. Average Kc values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91 are recommended for the vegetative growth, rest period and shoot maturation, floral induction, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturation phases, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n3e20220189/2023

13.

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

14.

Comparative analysis of the biocompatibility of endothelial cells on surfaces treated by thermal plasma and cold atmospheric plasma
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SOUZA, ALAN MAX T. DE

; BRAZ, JANINE KARLA F. DA SILVA

; MARTINS, GABRIEL M.

; VITORIANO, JUSSIER DE OLIVEIRA

; G.A. NETO, AURÉLIO

; NERY, DAVID M.

; SABINO, VLADIMIR G.

; LUCENA, EUDES E. DE SOUZA

; ROCHA, HUGO ALEXANDRE DE OLIVEIRA

; BARBOZA, CARLOS AUGUSTO G.

; A. JÚNIOR, CLODOMIRO

; MOURA, CARLOS EDUARDO B. DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 3 elocation e20220865

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is used for surface disinfection. However, little is known about its ability to improve biocompatibility of metallic surfaces when compared to thermal plasma methods. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the response of human endothelial cells (Ea.hy926) on titanium surfaces treated by non-thermal plasma method and thermal plasma method under nitriding atmosphere. The wettability was characterized by the sessile drop method, the topography and roughness were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the microstructure by grazing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Endothelial cells were cultured and evaluated for morphology by scanning electron microscopy and viability by an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. CAP treatment reduced the contact angle of the Ti surface (13.43° ± 1.48; p<0.05), increasing hydrophilicity. Rz roughness was higher on the nitrided surface (220.44±20.30; p< 0.001) compared to the CAP treated surfaces (83.29 ± 11.61; p< 0.001) and polished (75.98 ±34.21a); p<0.001). The different applied plasma treatments created different titanium surfaces improving the biocompatibility of endothelial cells, however CAP results demonstrate its potential for biomedical applications, considering the low cost and ease of use of the technique, allowing surface treatments before clinical procedures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220865

15.

Why are measles and rubella returning in Brazil? Brazil
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BORGES, LYSANDRO P.

; BARRETO, MARINA DOS S.

; SANTOS, RONALDY S.

; SOUZA, JESSIANE B. DE

; SILVA, BEATRIZ S. DA

; JESUS, PAMELA C. DE

; SILVA, DEISE M.R.R.

; MOURA, PEDRO H.M.

; SANTOS, LETICIA M.M. DOS

; SILVA, ELOIA E.D.

; SANTANA, LUCAS A. DA M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 2 elocation e20230832

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230832

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