Abstract Background: Water deficit and salinity are common conditions in arid agro-ecosystems. Hypothesis: Salinty increases the hydric stress effect on the yield and gel quality of Aloe vera. Study species and data description: In A. vera plants the variables meassured were: plant height, leaf length, width, and thickness, fresh biomass, the relative content of water, total solids, gel percentage, and harvest index. Study site and dates: The study was conducted from spring to summer 2020 in Bermejillo, Durango, Mexico. Methods: A split-block experimental design with four replications was used. The large plots were two soil moisture contents: field capacity (18.5 ± 2.5 %) and permanent wilting point (12.5 ± 2.5 %). The small plot was the salinity, with levels: 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM of NaCl. Results: Water deficit and salinity reduced the width and thickness of leaves and, consequently, the fresh biomass and gel percentage were reduced, but gel quality increased. Conclusions: Water deficit and salinity, mainly the latter, reduced plant growth and leaves, and therefore, the yield of fresh biomass and gel. Although gel yield was reduced, its quality was enhanced, in terms of high total solids content.

Resumen Antecedentes: El déficit hídrico y la salinidad son condiciones comunes en los agroecosistemas de zonas áridas. Hipótesis: El estrés salino incrementa los efectos del estrés hídrico sobre el rendimiento y calidad de gel de Aloe vera. Especies de estudio y descripción de datos: En A. vera se midieron las variables: altura de planta, longitud, ancho y grosor de hoja, el contenido relativo de agua, sólidos totales, biomasa fresca, porcentaje de gel e índice de cosecha. Sitio de estudio y fechas: El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el periodo primavera-verano de 2020 en Bermejillo, Durango, México. Métodos: Se usó un diseño experimental en parcelas divididas con arreglo en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La parcela grande fue el contenido de humedad en el suelo: capacidad de campo (18.5 ± 2.5 %) y punto de marchitez permanente (12.5 ± 2.5 %). La parcela chica fue la salinidad con cinco niveles: 0, 20, 40, 60 y 80 mM de NaCl. Resultados: El déficit hídrico y la salinidad del agua, redujeron el ancho y grosor de hojas, biomasa fresca y porcentaje de gel, pero mejoró la calidad de este último. Conclusiones: El déficit hídrico y la salinidad, principalmente este último factor, redujeron el crecimiento de la planta y hojas y, por ende, la biomasa fresca. Aun cuando, el rendimiento de gel fue reducido, la calidad de éste mejoró, en términos de alto contenido de sólidos totales.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate technical-tactical learning and student involvement through the implementation of a Didactic Unit (DU) for handball teaching using a hybrid model composed of the principles of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and the Sport Education Model (SEM). This qualitative study is based on action research and it is divided into four phases: I) the identification of the initial situation, with semi-structured interviews to teachers and a closed questionnaire to students; II) planning of a DU; III) development/implementation of the DU and research data collection; and IV) research data analysis. The DU teaches 17 lessons in a ninth-grade class of elementary education in a public school in Brazil. As a result, throughout the sports season the affiliated teams progressed in levels of play, from the anarchic/decentralized phase to the structured phase, and in the behavioral aspects, engagement, group work, understanding, relaxed atmosphere and joy were observed as frequent. The hybrid model is an option to promote the engagement of students in classes aimed at teaching handball, as it promoted the learning of technical-tactical aspects and also the student motivation observed by behaviors related to social cohesion and task. The hybrid model confirmed its relevance for the development of a sport education suited to the school reality, especially in public schools.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o aprendizado técnico-tático e o envolvimento dos alunos por meio da implementação de uma Unidade Didática (UD) para o ensino do handebol utilizando-se de um modelo híbrido composto por princípios do Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) e do Sport Education Model (SEM). Trata-se de estudo qualitativo baseado em pesquisa-ação e dividido em quatro fases: I) identificação da situação inicial, com entrevista semi-estruturada com a professora e questionário fechado para estudantes; II) planejamento da UD; III) desenvolvimento/aplicação da UD e coleta dos dados da pesquisa e IV) análise dos dados da pesquisa. A UD foi composta de 17 aulas de uma turma de 9º do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública brasileira. Como resultado, as equipes filiadas ao longo da temporada esportiva progrediram nos níveis de jogo, da fase anárquica/descentralizada para a fase estruturada, e nos aspectos comportamentais os elementos engajamento, trabalho em grupo, compreensão, ambiente descontraído e a alegria foram observados como frequentes. O modelo híbrido é uma opção para promover o engajamento dos alunos nas aulas voltadas ao ensino do handebol, pois promoveu o aprendizado de aspectos técnico-táticos e também a motivação dos alunos observada por comportamentos relacionados à coesão social e tarefa. O modelo híbrido confirmou sua relevância para o desenvolvimento do ensino do esporte adequado à realidade escolar, principalmente nas escolas públicas.

Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92–2.31)/1.60 (1.27–2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55–1.47)/1.05 (0.55–1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08–2.51)/1.58 (1.28–1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02–2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify whether parental physical activity and social support are associated with adolescents meeting physical activity recommendations. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that selected 1,390 adolescents (59.6% girls) from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), QAFA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents), and ASAFA (Social Support for Physical Activity Practice in Adolescents) questionnaires were applied. Binary logistic regression was used to test the relationship among the study variables. RESULTS For boys, having parents who “always attend” (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16–3.32) and having parents or legal guardians who meet the PA recommendations (OR = 2.78; 95%CI: 1.76–4.38) were associated with meeting the PA recommendations. Odds were greater after adjusting for socioeconomic status (OR = 3.47; 95%CI: 1.73–6.96) and schooling level (OR = 4.20; 95%CI: 1.96–9.02). For girls, those with parents or legal guardians who “sometimes encourage them” (OR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.37–0.98) had lower odds of meeting PA recommendations. These odds were higher after adjusting for socioeconomic status (OR = 2.11; 95%CI: 1.36–3.29) and schooling level (OR = 4.30; 95%CI: 2.41–7.69). CONCLUSIONS Boys and girls were more likely to meet PA recommendations daily by having parents who meet PA recommendations than by receiving parental social support. These results could help establish future interventions aimed at modifying behaviors related to PA in adolescents.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify whether parental physical activity and social support are associated with adolescents meeting physical activity recommendations. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that selected 1,390 adolescents (59.6% girls) from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), QAFA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents), and ASAFA (Social Support for Physical Activity Practice in Adolescents) questionnaires were applied. Binary logistic regression was used to test the relationship among the study variables. RESULTS For boys, having parents who “always attend” (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16–3.32) and having parents or legal guardians who meet the PA recommendations (OR = 2.78; 95%CI: 1.76–4.38) were associated with meeting the PA recommendations. Odds were greater after adjusting for socioeconomic status (OR = 3.47; 95%CI: 1.73–6.96) and schooling level (OR = 4.20; 95%CI: 1.96–9.02). For girls, those with parents or legal guardians who “sometimes encourage them” (OR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.37–0.98) had lower odds of meeting PA recommendations. These odds were higher after adjusting for socioeconomic status (OR = 2.11; 95%CI: 1.36–3.29) and schooling level (OR = 4.30; 95%CI: 2.41–7.69). CONCLUSIONS Boys and girls were more likely to meet PA recommendations daily by having parents who meet PA recommendations than by receiving parental social support. These results could help establish future interventions aimed at modifying behaviors related to PA in adolescents.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar qual equação melhor estima a frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) na população pediátrica conforme a massa corporal. Fontes de dados: Foi realizada uma metanálise (PROSPERO no CRD42020190196) de estudos transversais que visavam validar ou desenvolver equações da FCmáx para crianças e adolescentes. As bases de dados foram Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Utilizaram-se os descritores “prediction or equation”, “maximal heart rate”, “maximum heart rate”, “determination of heart rate”, “children” e “adolescents”. A ferramenta TRIPOD Statement foi utilizada para avaliar a qualidade metodológica e os dados relevantes foram extraídos para análise. A metanálise foi conduzida no Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, adotando-se valor de p<0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Síntese dos dados: Foram selecionados 11 estudos, dos quais três desenvolveram equações preditivas, dez realizaram a validade externa de modelos preexistentes e um a incrementação de valores relacionados com equações já desenvolvidas. Em sua maioria, os estudos foram classificados com qualidade moderada. As equações 164 + (0.270 × FCrep) – (0.155 × massa corporal) + (1.1 × METs) + (0.258 × percentual de gordura) (2017) (r=0,500; p<0,001) e 166.7+ (0.46 × FCrep + (1.16 × maturação) (r=0,540; p<0,001) apresentaram correlações mais fortes com a FCmáx medida em adolescentes não obesos. O modelo de 208 – (0.7 × idade) mostrou a maior precisão entre os modelos possíveis para análise (SDM=-0,183; p=0,554). Não foi encontrada nenhuma equação preditiva específica para adolescentes obesos. Conclusões: Pesquisas futuras devem explorar novas possibilidades de desenvolvimento de equações preditivas para essa população, uma vez que elas são uma ferramenta para controlar a intensidade do exercício na gestão terapêutica da obesidade infantil e do adolescente.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze which equation best estimates maximal heart rate (HRmax) for the pediatric population according to body mass. Data source: We performed a meta-analysis (PROSPERO No. CRD42020190196) of cross-sectional studies that aimed to validate or develop HRmax equations and that had children and adolescents as samples. The search was conducted in Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde with the descriptors “prediction or equation,” “maximal heart rate,” “maximum heart rate,” “determination of heart rate,” children, and adolescent. The TRIPOD Statement tool was used to assess the methodological quality and the relevant data were extracted for analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, adopting p<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data synthesis: In total, 11 studies were selected, of which 3 developed predictive equations, 10 performed external validity of the preexisting models, and 1 incremented values related to equations already developed. The results of the methodological quality analysis showed a moderate rating in most studies. The 164 + (0.270 × HRres) – (0.155 × body mass) + (1.1 × METs) + (0.258 × body fat percent) (r=0.500, 95%CI 0.426–0.567, p<0.001) and 166.7+ (0.46 × HRres) + (1.16 × maturation) (r=0.540, 95%CI 0.313–0.708, p<0.001) equations presented stronger correlations with measured HRmax in nonobese adolescents. The predictive model developed by 208 – (0.7 × age) showed a greater accuracy among the possible models for analysis (SDM=-0.183, 95%CI -0.787 to -0.422, p=0.554). No specific predictive equation was found for obese adolescents. Conclusions: Future research should explore new possibilities for developing predictive equations for this population as a tool to control exercise intensity in the therapeutic management of childhood and adolescent obesity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as tecnologias educativas implementadas para prevenção do HIV em negros. Método: Revisão de escopo, realizada conforme as recomendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute, nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane e PsycINFO, utilizando-se do instrumento Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Resultados: Encontraram-se 14 estudos publicados entre 1999 e 2020. Os principais impactos para saúde dos negros envolveram a redução das taxas de relações sexuais desprotegidas, o maior uso de preservativos, a diminuição de comportamentos de risco, a minimização do número de parceiros, a maior solicitação de testagens para HIV e o aumento do uso de Profilaxia Pré-exposição (PrEP). Conclusão: As tecnologias educativas mapeadas foram: workshops, cursos, mensagens, dramatização, vídeos, aplicativo, panfleto, campanhas de mídia e de rádio, grupos de Facebook, site, programas de computadores e softwares multimídia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the educational technologies implemented for HIV prevention in black people. Method: Scope review, performed according to the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute, in Medline/PubMed, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Results: There were 14 studies published between 1999 and 2020. The main health impacts for black people involved a reduction in rates of unprotected sex, greater use of condoms, a decrease in risky behaviors, a minimization of the number of partners, a greater request for HIV testing and an increase in the use of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Conclusion: The educational technologies mapped were: workshops, courses, messages, dramatization, videos, application, pamphlet, media and radio campaigns, Facebook groups, website, computer programs and multimedia software.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las tecnologías educativas implementadas para la prevención del VIH en negros. Método: Revisión de alcance, realizada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de The Joanna Briggs Institute, en las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane y PsycINFO, utilizando Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews y Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Resultados: Se publicaron 14 estudios entre 1999 y 2020. Los principales impactos en la salud de los negros involucraron una reducción en las tasas de sexo sin protección, mayor uso de condones, una disminución en los comportamientos de riesgo, una minimización del número de parejas, una mayor solicitud de pruebas de VIH y un aumento en el uso de Pre-exposición profilaxis (PrEP). Conclusión: Las tecnologías educativas mapeadas fueron: talleres, cursos, mensajes, dramatización, videos, aplicación, folleto, campañas en medios y radio, grupos de Facebook, sitio web, programas informáticos y software multimedia.

Resumo O nemátode das lesões radiculares, Pratylenchus penetrans, é um dos fitoparasitas mais destrutivo, responsável por perdas a nível mundial num significativo número de plantas hospedeiras. O controlo químico destes organismos baseia-se em fumigantes e não fumigantes, que providenciam uma protecção sistémica. Tais métodos de controlo são dispendiosos e prejudiciais quer para o ambiente quer para os humanos. Os compostos produzidos naturalmente pelas plantas poderão desempenhar um papel importante no controlo de nemátodes. A actividade nematicida de 8 compostos que ocorrem naturalmente em plantas, de duas classes de compostos, foi avaliada a 2 mg/mL durante 24 h. Os ensaios foram efectuados segundo a metodologia de contacto directo usualmente empregue. P. penetrans revelou-se extremamente insensível aos compostos testados com valores de mortalidade compreendidos entre 1.0 e 5.8%. No nosso conhecimento, a actividade nematicida de 4 compostos fenólicos (catequina, ácido cafeico, ácido gálico e ácido gentísico) foi testada pela primeira vez em P. penetrans.

Abstract The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, is one of the most harmful plant parasites, responsible for worldwide productivity losses in a significant number of plant hosts. Generally, chemical control relies on synthetic compounds used through fumigation or direct contact, which offers a systemic protection. These control methods are costly and hazardous to the environment and to humans. Phytochemicals may play an important role in nematode control. The nematicidal activity of eight compounds that occur naturaly in plants, from two classes of compounds, was assessed at 2 mg/mL, for 24 h. Bioassays were performed following the standard direct contact methodology. P. penetrans was remarkably tolerant to the tested compounds, with mortality range between 1.0 and 5.8 %. To the best of our knowledge, the nematicidal activity of 4 phenolic compounds (catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid and gentisic acid) was evaluated for the first time for P. penetrans.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la dependencia y el impacto del precio del petróleo (WTI), del oro (XAU) y la volatilidad del mercado de valores (VIX) sobre precio del Bitcoin (BTC) en el periodo de febrero de 2012 a septiembre de 2021 por medio de un modelo GARCH multivariado de tipo diagonal BEKK, con la intención de probar que existe un efecto de derrame de volatilidad entre las variables. Bajo la agrupación de tres pares (BTC-VIX, BTC-WTI y BTC-XAU), los hallazgos confirman la presencia del efecto y para su determinación actual, los choques rezagados en un periodo tienen especial relevancia en la relación BTC - VIX. En cuanto a la volatilidad anterior la mayor dependencia se da en el par BTC - XAU. Por su parte, la correlación condicional dinámica es negativa entre el BTC y el índice VIX puesto que los inversionistas buscan cubrirse del riesgo con la compra de otros activos ante la incertidumbre en algún mercado.

Abstract This paper analyzes the dependence and the impact of oil (WTI) and gold (XAU) prices, in addition to stock market volatility (VIX) over Bitcoin prices (BTC) from February 2012 to September 2021 through a multivariate GARCH model type diagonal BEKK, with the intention to prove the existence of a volatility spillover between such variables. Under the grouping of three pairs (BTC-VIX, BTC-WTI y BTC-XAU), findings confirm the presence of such effect and for its current determination, certain period lagging shocks have a special relevance in the relationship BTC - XAU. On the other hand, the dynamical conditional correlation is negative between the BTC and VIX index since investors seek to hedge against risk with the purchase of other assets in the face of uncertainty in a market.

RESUMO Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade infantil tem aumentado e está associada ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas. O treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada é recomendado como o principal método de exercício para o tratamento da obesidade. No entanto, em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos, os modelos de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade têm potencial para redução de gordura semelhante ou maior do que o treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada e o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre parâmetros cardiometabólicos, composição corporal e aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes obesos do sexo masculino. Métodos: Foram incluídos 56 meninos obesos, com idades entre 10 e 16 anos. Foram avaliadas medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, composição corporal, consumo de oxigênio, glicose, insulina e perfil lipídico. Os participantes foram designados a grupos de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (n = 20), treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (n = 20) e controle (n = 16). As sessões consistiram em 90 minutos de exercícios de ciclismo/caminhada e as sessões de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade consistiram em 15 minutos de aquecimento, 15 a 18 minutos de exercícios intervalados e 15 minutos de relaxamento, ambos realizados três vezes por semana. Foi utilizada uma análise fatorial de variância (ANOVA) de modelo misto de duas vias com medidas repetidas. Resultados: No grupo treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade houve aumento do consumo relativo e absoluto de oxigênio e redução da pressão arterial diastólica. No entanto, o grupo de grupo de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada teve aumento do consumo relativo de oxigênio e lipoproteína de alta densidade, além de redução das medidas antropométricas, massa gorda e triglicerídeos. Conclusões: O treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada pode ser um protocolo melhor para redução de massa gorda, medidas antropométricas e melhora do perfil lipídico, enquanto o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade pode ser mais eficaz para melhorar a pressão arterial em meninos obesos. Ambos os exercícios melhoram a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento

ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased and is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. Moderate-intensity continuous training is recommended as the main exercise method for treating obesity. However, in overweight and obese individuals, high-intensity interval training models have similar or greater fat reduction potential than moderate-intensity continuous training. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic parameters, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescent boys. Methods: Fifty-six obese boys, aged 10-16 years old, were included. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, body composition, oxygen consumption, glucose, insulin, and the lipid profile were assessed. Participants were assigned to moderate-intensity continuous training (n=20), high-intensity interval training (n=20), and control (n=16) groups. The moderate-intensity continuous training sessions consisted of 90 minutes of cycling/walking exercises and the high-intensity interval training sessions consisted of 15 minutes of warm-up, 15-18 minutes of interval exercises, and 15 minutes of cool-down. Both were performed three times a week. A two-way mixed-model factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used. Results: In the high-intensity interval training group, there was an increase in relative and absolute oxygen consumption and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. However, in the moderate-intensity continuous training group, there were increases in relative oxygen consumption and high-density lipoproteins, as well as reductions in anthropometric measurements, fat mass, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous training may be a better protocol for the reduction of fat mass, anthropometric measurements, and improvement of the lipid profile, while high-intensity interval training may be more effective in improving blood pressure among obese boys. Both exercises improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La prevalencia de la obesidad en la infancia ha aumentado y está asociada al desarrollo de diversas enfermedades crónicas. Se recomienda el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada como principal método de ejercicio para tratar la obesidad. Sin embargo, los modelos de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad tienen un potencial similar o mayor que el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada para reducir la grasa en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el efecto de 12 semanas de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada y de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre parámetros cardiometabólicos, composición corporal y condición cardiorrespiratoria en adolescentes varones con obesidad. Métodos: Se incluyeron 56 niños obesos, de 10 a 16 años. Se evaluaron las medidas antropométricas, presión arterial, composición corporal, consumo de oxígeno, glucosa, insulina y perfil lipídico. Los participantes se dividieron en: grupos de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (n = 20), entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (n = 20) y grupo de control (n = 16). Las sesiones consistieron en 90 minutos de ejercicios de ciclismo / caminata y las sesiones de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad consistieron en 15 minutos de calentamiento, 15 a 18 minutos de ejercicio de intervalos y 15 minutos de relajación, ambos realizados tres veces por semana. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de modelo mixto bidireccional (ANOVA) con medidas repetidas. Resultados: En el grupo de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad se produjo un aumento del consumo de oxígeno relativo y absoluto, así como la reducción de la presión arterial diastólica. Sin embargo, el grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada presentó un aumento del consumo relativo de oxígeno y lipoproteínas de alta densidad, además de promover una reducción en las medidas antropométricas, la masa grasa y los triglicéridos. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada puede ser un mejor protocolo para reducir la masa grasa, las medidas antropométricas y mejorar el perfil lipídico, mientras que el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad puede ser más efectivo para mejorar la presión arterial en niños obesos. Ambos ejercicios mejoran la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Autonomous fundamental motor skills (AFMS) are understood as movements practiced in a spontaneous, voluntary manner, without any instruction or command. The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of occurrence and the quality of performance of AFMS in children during recess and Physical Education (PE) classes. Elementary school students (n= 148) from a private school were observed during recess and PE classes, and had their AFMS classified by stages (initial; elementary-emergent; proficient). All AFMS were identified in recess and PE classes, except jump. Most skills were classified in the elementary-emergent stage and were slightly more frequent during PE classes, both in the locomotor (27 vs 23%) and manipulative (31 vs 13%) categories. The AFMS frequency of occurrence was low and the classification showed poor quality at all times observed. Recess was statistically (p< 0.05) less favorable for motor development in 60% of AFMS. The low frequency of AFMS, especially during recess, and poor classification of motor repertoire suggest the need for measures to reverse the motor deficit in the school environment. Strategies are needed to promote AFMS in the school context so that they are more diverse and challenging.

ABSTRACT Background: Information is needed on the safety and efficacy of direct discharge from the emergency department (ED) of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the variables associated with discharge from the ED in patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, and study ED revisits related to COVID-19 at 30 days (EDR30d). Methods: Multicenter study of the SIESTA cohort including 1198 randomly selected COVID patients in 61 EDs of Spanish medical centers from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. We collected baseline and related characteristics of the acute episode and calculated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for ED discharge. In addition, we analyzed the variables related to EDR30d in discharged patients. Results: We analyzed 859 patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, 84 (9.8%) of whom were discharged from the ED. The variables independently associated with discharge were being a woman (aOR 1.890; 95%CI 1.176-3.037), age < 60 years (aOR 2.324; 95%CI 1.353-3.990), and lymphocyte count > 1200/mm3 (aOR 4.667; 95%CI 1.045-20.839). The EDR30d of the ED discharged group was 40.0%, being lower in women (aOR 0.368; 95%CI 0.142-0.953). A total of 130 hospitalized patients died (16.8%) as did two in the group discharged from the ED (2.4%) (OR 0.121; 95%CI 0.029-0.498). Conclusion: Discharge from the ED in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was infrequent and was associated with few variables of the episode. The EDR30d was high, albeit with a low mortality.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre a prática de diferentes tipos de atividade física (AF) com fatores ambientais percebidos em meninos e meninas adolescentes. Foram avaliados 1.130 adolescentes de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Para avaliar diferentes AF, os alunos responderam se praticavam ou não caminhada, corrida, esportes coletivos e outras AF em geral. Fatores ambientais percebidos foram avaliados pelo Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth. As análises foram realizadas por meio de regressão logística. Adolescentes que relataram perceber uma distância de até 20 minutos para pista de caminhada/corrida tiveram suas chances de praticar todos os tipos de AF aumentadas na amostra total e para as meninas. Para caminhada, também foi encontrada associação com o acesso em adolescentes. Para as meninas, foi encontrada uma associação entre a menor distância para instalações de exercícios e outros campos de jogos/quadra com corrida e esportes coletivos. A estética e a segurança de ruas foram associadas com esportes coletivos em adolescentes. Outras AF gerais foram associadas com parque e trilhas de bicicleta/caminhada na amostra total e para meninas. Portanto, para cada tipo de AF, foram encontradas associações específicas de fatores ambientais percebidos.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the association between the practice of different types of physical activity (PA) with perceived environmental factors in boys and girls adolescents. Were evaluated 1,130 adolescents from Porto Alegre, Brazil. To evaluate different PA, students answered whether or not they practiced walking, running, team sports, and others general PA. Perceived environmental factors were assessed through Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Analyses were performed using logistic regression. Adolescents who reported perceiving a distance up to 20 minutes to walking/running track, had their chances of practicing all types of PA increased in the total sample and for girls. For walking, it was also found an association with access in adolescents. For girls, it was found an association between shortest distance to indoor recreation or exercise facility and other playing fields/court with running and team sports. Aesthetics and road safety were associated with team sports in adolescents. Other general PA were associated with park, bike/hiking/walking trails in the total sample and for girls. Therefore, for each type of PA, specific associations of perceived environmental factors were found.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre a prática de diferentes tipos de atividade física (AF) com fatores ambientais percebidos em meninos e meninas adolescentes. Foram avaliados 1.130 adolescentes de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Para avaliar diferentes AF, os alunos responderam se praticavam ou não caminhada, corrida, esportes coletivos e outras AF em geral. Fatores ambientais percebidos foram avaliados pelo Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth. As análises foram realizadas por meio de regressão logística. Adolescentes que relataram perceber uma distância de até 20 minutos para pista de caminhada/corrida tiveram suas chances de praticar todos os tipos de AF aumentadas na amostra total e para as meninas. Para caminhada, também foi encontrada associação com o acesso em adolescentes. Para as meninas, foi encontrada uma associação entre a menor distância para instalações de exercícios e outros campos de jogos/quadra com corrida e esportes coletivos. A estética e a segurança de ruas foram associadas com esportes coletivos em adolescentes. Outras AF gerais foram associadas com parque e trilhas de bicicleta/caminhada na amostra total e para meninas. Portanto, para cada tipo de AF, foram encontradas associações específicas de fatores ambientais percebidos.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the association between the practice of different types of physical activity (PA) with perceived environmental factors in boys and girls adolescents. Were evaluated 1,130 adolescents from Porto Alegre, Brazil. To evaluate different PA, students answered whether or not they practiced walking, running, team sports, and others general PA. Perceived environmental factors were assessed through Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Analyses were performed using logistic regression. Adolescents who reported perceiving a distance up to 20 minutes to walking/running track, had their chances of practicing all types of PA increased in the total sample and for girls. For walking, it was also found an association with access in adolescents. For girls, it was found an association between shortest distance to indoor recreation or exercise facility and other playing fields/court with running and team sports. Aesthetics and road safety were associated with team sports in adolescents. Other general PA were associated with park, bike/hiking/walking trails in the total sample and for girls. Therefore, for each type of PA, specific associations of perceived environmental factors were found.