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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Fetal thymus involvement in prematurity has been studied, and this study aimed to evaluate its relationship with short cervix and amniotic fluid sludge in the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 79 pregnant women (19+0 to 24+6 weeks) were included, and cervical length and the presence or absence of amniotic fluid sludge were evaluated. In the three-vessel view of the fetal thorax, the thymus was identified, and its perimeter and transverse diameter were measured and transformed to a zeta score based on gestational age. RESULTS: Data from 22 women with short cervix (<25 mm) and 57 patients with normal cervix (≥25 mm) were analyzed. The transverse diameter of the fetal thymus was significantly greater in the short cervix group compared to that of the normal cervix group (z-score 2.708 vs. −0.043, p=0.003). There were no significant differences in the perimeter (z-score −0.039 vs. −0.071, p=0.890) or the transverse diameter (z-score 1.297 vs. −0.004, p=0.091) of the fetal thymus associated with the presence (n=21) or absence of sludge (n=58). CONCLUSION: A short cervix is associated with an increased transverse diameter of the fetal thymus during the second trimester of gestation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20221678

Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of microcephaly in a pediatric cohort in Brazil: a retrospective cross-sectional study
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Bertozzi, Ana Paula Antunes Pascalicchio

; Gazeta, Rosa Estela

; Fajardo, Thamirys Cosmo Gillo

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

; Soriano-Arandes, Antoni

; Alarcon, Ana

; Garcia-Alix, Alfredo

; Silva, Alify Bertoldo da

; Florence Filho, Nemésio

; Sarmento, Stephanno Gomes Pereira

; Witkin, Steven S.

; Passos, Saulo Duarte

Jornal de Pediatria

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aug 2021, Volume 97 N. 4 Pages 433 - 439

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective We sought to describe the prevalence of microcephaly and to compare the different cutoff points established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health at various times during a Zika virus epidemic. As a secondary aim, we investigated the possible etiology of the microcephaly. Method This retrospective study utilized newborn participants in the Zika Cohort Study Jundiaí. Newborns from the Zika Cohort Study Jundiaí with an accurate gestational age determination and complete anthropometric data were analyzed, and microcephaly was diagnosed according to the INTERGROWTH-21st curve. At delivery, fluids were tested for specific antibodies and for viruses. Brain images were evaluated for microcephaly. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were plotted to define the accuracy of different cutoff points for microcephaly diagnosis. Results Of 462 eligible newborns, 19 (4.1%) were positive for microcephaly. Cutoff points corresponding to the curves of the World Health Organization yielded the best sensitivity and specificity. Three of the microcephaly cases (15.8%) were positive for Zika virus infections; nine (47.4%) had intrauterine growth restriction; one had intrauterine growth restriction and was exposed to Zika virus; three had a genetic syndrome (15.8%); and three had causes that had not been determined (15.8%). Conclusions Microcephaly prevalence was 4.1% in this study. Cutoff values determined by the World Health Organization had the highest sensitivity and specificity in relation to the standard IG curve. The main reason for microcephaly was intrauterine growth restriction. All possible causes of microcephaly must be investigated to allow the best development of an affected baby.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.010 56 downloads

Cervical Pessary Plus Progesterone for Twin Pregnancy with Short Cervix Compared to Unselected and Non-Treated Twin Pregnancy: A Historical Equivalence Cohort Study (EPM Twin Pessary Study)
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França, Marcelo Santucci

; Hatanaka, Alan Roberto

; Andrade Junior, Valter Lacerda de

; Elito Junior, Julio

; Pares, David Baptista Silva

; Hamamoto, Tatiana Emy Nishimoto Kawanami

; Sarmento, Stephanno Gomes Pereira

; Mattar, Rosiane

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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oct 2020, Volume 42 N. 10 Pages 621 - 629

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar se o uso de pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações de gêmeos dicoriônicos-diamnióticos (DC-DAs) com colo do útero curto (≤ 25 mm) apresenta taxa de parto prematuro (PP) equivalente à de gestações gemelares DC-DA sem nenhuma intervenção/não selecionadas. Métodos Um estudo de coorte histórica foi realizado entre 2010 e 2018, incluindo um total de 57 mulheres grávidas com gestações gemelares DC-DA. As mulheres admitidas de 2010 a 2012 (n = 32) não receberam tratamento, e não foram selecionadas pelo comprimento cervical (grupo Não Tratado, GNT), enquanto as admitidas de 2013 a 2018 (n = 25) receberam pessário cervical rotineiramente associado a progesterona após o diagnóstico de colo curto entre a 18a e a 27ª semanas de gestação (grupo Pessário-Progesterona, GPP). O desfecho primário analisado foi a taxa de PP antes de 34 semanas. Resultados Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o GNT e o GPP em relação ao PP < 34 semanas (respectivamente, 18,8%; versus 40,0%;; p = 0,07) e ao peso médio ao nascer do gêmeo menor (2.037 ± 425 g versus 2.195 ± 665 g; p = 0,327). A análise de Kaplan-Meyer foi realizada, e não houve diferenças entre os grupos antes de 31,5 semanas. A regressão logística demonstrou que o nascimento prematuro anterior (< 37 semanas) apresentou razão de probabilidades (odds ratio, OR) de 15,951 (intervalo de confiança de 95%; [IC95%;]: 1,294-196,557; p = 0,031*) para o nascimento prematuro < 34 semanas no GPP. Conclusão Em gêmeos DC-DA com colo uterino curto (o que significa maior risco de nascimento prematuro), o tratamento com pessário cervical associado a progesterona pode ser considerado equivalente em diversos aspectos relacionados à prematuridade no GNT, apesar da grande diferença entre os grupos.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to determine if the use of cervical pessary plus progesterone in short-cervix (≤ 25 mm) dichorionic-diamniotic (DC-DA) twin pregnancies is equivalent to the rate of preterm births (PBs) with no intervention in unselected DC-DA twin pregnancies. Methods A historical cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2018, including a total of 57 pregnant women with DC-DA twin pregnancies. The women admitted from 2010 to 2012 (n = 32) received no treatment, and were not selected by cervical length (Non-Treated group, NTG), whereas those admitted from 2013 to 2018 (n = 25), were routinely submitted to cervical pessary plus progesterone after the diagnosis of short cervix from the 18th to the 27th weeks of gestation (Pessary-Progesterone group, PPG). The primary outcome analyzed was the rate of PBs before 34 weeks. Results There were no statistical differences between the NTG and the PPG regarding PB < 34 weeks (18.8%; versus 40.0%; respectively; p = 0.07) and the mean birthweight of the smallest twin (2,037 ± 425 g versus 2,195 ± 665 g; p = 0.327). The Kaplan-Meyer Survival analysis was performed, and there were no differences between the groups before 31.5 weeks. Logistic regression showed that a previous PB (< 37 weeks) presented an odds ratio (OR) of 15.951 (95%; confidence interval [95%;CI]: 1.294-196.557; p = 0.031*) for PB < 34 weeks in the PPG. Conclusion In DC-DA twin pregnancies with a short cervix, (which means a higher risk of PB), the treatment with cervical pessary plus progesterone could be considered equivalent in several aspects related to PB in the NTG, despite the big difference between these groups.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713806 732 downloads

Posicionamento da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia para Gravidez e Planejamento Familiar na Mulher Portadora de Cardiopatia – 2020
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Avila, Walkiria Samuel

; Alexandre, Elizabeth Regina Giunco

; Castro, Marildes Luiza de

; Lucena, Alexandre Jorge Gomes de

; Marques-Santos, Celi

; Freire, Claudia Maria Vilas

; Rossi, Eduardo Giusti

; Campanharo, Felipe Favorette

; Rivera, Ivan Romero

; Costa, Maria Elizabeth Navegantes Caetano

; Rivera, Maria Alayde Mendonça

; Carvalho, Regina Coeli Marques de

; Abzaid, Alexandre

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

; Ramos, Auristela Isabel de Oliveira

; Albuquerque, Carlos Japhet da Mata

; Feio, Claudine Maia Alves

; Born, Daniel

; Silva, Fábio Bruno da

; Nani, Fernando Souza

; Tarasoutchi, Flavio

; Costa Junior, José de Ribamar

; Melo Filho, José Xavier de

; Katz, Leila

; Almeida, Maria Cristina Costa

; Grinberg, Max

; Amorim, Melania Maria Ramos de

; Melo, Nilson Roberto de

; Medeiros, Orlando Otávio de

; Pomerantzeff, Pablo Maria Alberto

; Braga, Sérgio Luiz Navarro

; Cristino, Sonia Conde

; Martinez, Tania Leme da Rocha

; Leal, Tatiana de Carvalho Andreuci Torres

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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may 2020, Volume 114 N. 5 Pages 849 - 942

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200406 10784 downloads

Pubic Arch Angle Measurement by Transperineal Ultrasonography: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
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Carvalho Neto, Raimundo Homero

; Viana Junior, Antonio Brazil

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Carvalho, Francisco Herlânio Costa

; Feitosa, Helvécio Neves

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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apr 2020, Volume 42 N. 4 Pages 181 - 187

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a medida do ângulo do arco púbico (AAP) por ultrassonografia transperineal durante trabalho de parto em predizer tipo de parto e modo de desprendimento do polo cefálico. Métodos Um estudo prospectivo transversal foi conduzido com 221 mulheres em trabalho de parto com gestação única ≥ 37 semanas, com fetos em apresentação cefálica, foram submetidas à avaliação ultrassonográfica por via transperineal para aferição do AAP. Correlações com tipo de parto, modo de desprendimento do polo cefálico e características fetais e maternas foram realizadas. Resultados Um total de 153 (69,2%) mulheres apresentaram parto vaginal espontâneo, 7 (3,2%) parto a fórceps e 61 (27,6%) parto cesárea. Para fins de análise, dividiu-se os partos em dois grupos: partos vaginais e cirúrgicos (fórceps e cesáreas). A média do AAP foi 102 ± 7,5º (variação: 79,3-117,7º). Não foi observada significância estatística do AAP em relação ao tipo de parto (102,6 ± 7,2º versus 100,8 ± 7,9º; p = 0,105). Um total de 94,1% dos fetos desprenderam em variedade de posição occipito anterior e 5,8% em occipito posterior. Encontrou-se AAP mais estreitado no grupo de partos cirúrgicos (97,9 ± 9,6º versus 102,6 ± 7,3º; p = 0,049). A análise de regressão multivariada demonstrou que AAP foi uma variável de proteção para a ocorrência de desprendimento da cabeça em variedades occipito posteriores ao nascimento (odds ratio [OR]= 0,9; índice de confiança (IC) 95%: 0,82-0,99; p = 0,026). Conclusão A medida ultrassonográfica do AAP não foi preditora do tipo de parto, porém demonstrou associação com persistência de variedades occipito posteriores ao nascimento.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the ability of the pubic arch angle (PAA) as measured by transperineal ultrasonography during labor to predict the delivery type and cephalic pole disengagement mode. Methods The present prospective cross-sectional study included 221 women in singleton-gestational labor ≥ 37 weeks with cephalic fetuses who underwent PAA measurement using transperineal ultrasonography. These measurements were correlated with the delivery type, cephalic pole disengagement mode, and fetal and maternal characteristics. Results Out of the subjects, 153 (69.2%) had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 7 (3.2%) gave birth by forceps, and 61 (27.6%) delivered by cesarean section. For the analysis, deliveries were divided into two groups: vaginal and surgical (forceps and cesarean). The mean PAA was 102 ± 7.5º (range, 79.3-117.7º). No statistically significant difference was observed in delivery type (102.6 ± 7.2º versus 100.8 ± 7.9º, p = 0.105). The occipitoanterior position was seen in 94.1% of the fetuses and the occipitoposterior position in 5.8%. A narrower PAA was found in the group of surgical deliveries (97.9 ± 9.6º versus 102.6 ± 7.3º, p = 0.049). Multivariate regression analysis showed that PAA was a predictive variable for the occurrence of head disengagement in occipital varieties after birth (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.99; p = 0.026). Conclusion Ultrasonographic measurement of the PAA was not a predictor of delivery type, but was associated with the persistence of occipital varieties after birth.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709690 681 downloads

Histological analysis of the intestinal wall of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation to evaluate the protective effect of N-Acetylcysteine
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Silvares, Soraia Guerra

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

; Simões, Manuel de Jesus

; Cintra, Álvaro Ulhoa

; Montero, Edna Frasson de Souza

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Martins, José Luiz

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2020, Volume 35 N. 4 elocation e202000401

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO2) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O2), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected. Results The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses. Conclusion The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020200040000001 634 downloads

Fetal posterior fossa malformations: review of the current knowledge
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Milani, Hérbene Jose Figuinha

; Barreto, Enoch Quindere de Sá

; Ximenes, Renato Luis da Silveira

; Baldo, Carlos Alberto Raimundo

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Radiologia Brasileira

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dec 2019, Volume 52 N. 6 Pages 380 - 386

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O diagnóstico ultrassonográfico das malformações da fossa posterior no período pré-natal é um desafio, com importantes implicações no aconselhamento e acompanhamento dessas gestações. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar aspectos da avaliação ultrassonográfica da fossa posterior do feto e descrever os principais achados ultrassonográficos das principais malformações da fossa posterior que podem acometer o feto no período pré-natal.

Abstract Ultrasound diagnosis of posterior fossa malformations in the prenatal period is a challenge, having major implications for the counseling and follow-up of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to review aspects of the ultrasound evaluation of the fetal posterior fossa, as well as to describe the most relevant ultrasound findings of the main posterior fossa malformations that can affect the fetus in the prenatal period.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0141 5664 downloads

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal central nervous system: review of guidelines
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Milani, Hérbene José Figuinha

; Barreto, Enoch Quindere de Sá

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Peixoto, Alberto Borges

; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Radiologia Brasileira

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jun 2019, Volume 52 N. 3 Pages 176 - 181

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Malformações do sistema nervoso central são o segundo mais frequente grupo de anomalias que afetam o feto. Elas têm adquirido grande importância em razão da sua associação com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade perinatal. Além do mais, é extremamente importante avaliar o sistema nervoso central fetal durante o período pré-natal, de modo a se diagnosticar possíveis mudanças no desenvolvimento e aconselhar os casais sobre o seguimento da gestação, possibilidades terapêuticas fetais, tempo e tipo de parto, tratamento pós-natal e prognóstico. O objetivo desta revisão foi descrever a avaliação do sistema nervoso central fetal por meio das recomendações da International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Abstract Central nervous system malformations constitute the second most common group of anomalies in fetuses. Such malformations have assumed clinical importance because of their association with high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is extremely important to assess the fetal central nervous system during the prenatal period, in order to identify any changes in its development and thereby gain sufficient information to advise parents about pregnancy follow-up, options for fetal therapy, and the timing/type of delivery, as well as the postnatal treatment and prognosis. The objective of this review was to describe the ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal central nervous system as per the guidelines of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0056 7009 downloads

Assessment of Length of Maternal Cervix between 18 and 24 weeks of Gestation in a Low-Risk Brazilian Population
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Andrade, Soraya Gomes de Amorim

; Andrade, Fernando Moreira de

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Pires, Cláudio Rodrigues

; Mattar, Rosiane

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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dec 2017, Volume 39 N. 12 Pages 647 - 652

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a biometria cervical em gestantes entre a 18ª e 24ª semanas, e ainda a forma ideal de mensuração do comprimento do colo uterino em casos de morfologias curva e reta. Métodos Foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas via vaginal dos colos uterinos de 752 gestantes de baixo risco em um estudo prospectivo transversal. Nos colos uterinos retos a biometria cervical foi feita de forma contínua, enquanto nos colos uterinos curvos, a biometria foi realizada de duas formas, contínua e fracionada (em segmentos unindo os orifícios do colo). Para avaliar a correlação entre o comprimento do colo uterino e a idade gestacional, foram criados modelos de regressão polinomial. Para se comparar a técnicas de medida do colo uterino, utilizou-se o teste t-Student pareado. Resultados A biometria do colo uterino não variou de forma significativa com a idade gestacional, sendo melhor representada por uma regressão linear (R2 = 0,0075 na forma contínua, e R2 = 0,0017 na forma fracionada, respectivamente). Observamos que até a 21ª semana houve predominância de colos curvos (58,9%), porém após esta idade gestacional a morfologia retilínea predominou (54,2%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a forma de mensuração contínua e fracionada em todas as idades gestacionais avaliadas (p < 0,001). Conclusão A expressão da biometria cervical em gestantes entre 18 e 24 semanas é praticamente uma reta, independente da forma de mensuração. A forma ideal de medida é por ultrassonografia transvaginal realizada em idade gestacional 21 semanas.

Abstract Purpose To determine cervical biometry in pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation and the ideal mode of measurement of cervical length in cases of curved and straight cervical morphology. Methods The uterine cervices of 752 low-risk pregnant women were assessed using transvaginal ultrasound in a prospective cross-sectional study. In women with straight uterine cervices, cervical biometry was performed in a continuous manner. In women with curved uterine cervices, the biometry was performed using both the continuous and segmented techniques (in segments joining the cervical os). Polynomial regression models were created to assess the correlation between the cervical length and gestational age. The paired Student t-test was used to comparemeasuring techniques. Results The cervical biometry results did not vary significantly with the gestational age and were best represented by linear regression (R2 = 0.0075 with the continuous technique, and R2 = 0.0017 with the segmented technique). Up to the 21st week of gestation, there was a predominance of curved uterine cervix morphology (58.9%), whereas the straight morphology predominated after this gestational age (54.2%). There was a significant difference between the continuous and the segmented measuring methods in all the assessed gestational ages (p < 0.001). Conclusion Cervical biometry in pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks was represented by a linear regression, independently of the measuring mode. The ideal measuring technique was the transvaginal ultrasound performed at a gestational age 21 weeks.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608617 4771 downloads

10.

Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Microcephaly
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Duarte, Geraldo

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

; Timerman, Artur

; Fernandes, César Eduardo

; Mariani Neto, Corintio

; Almeida Filho, Gutemberg Leão de

; Werner Junior, Heron

; Santo, Hilka Flavia Barra do Espírito

; Steibel, João Alfredo Piffero

; Bortoletti Filho, João

; Andrade, Juvenal Barreto Borriello de

; Burlá, Marcelo

; Sá, Marcos Felipe Silva de

; Busso, Newton Eduardo

; Giraldo, Paulo César

; Sá, Renato Augusto Moreira de

; Passini Junior, Renato

; Mattar, Rosiane

; Francisco, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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may 2017, Volume 39 N. 5 Pages 235 - 248

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Desde a descoberta do vírus Zika (VZIK) em 1947 em Uganda, na África, até sua chegada na América do Sul, não se tinha notícia de que ele seria capaz de comprometer a vida reprodutiva emhumanos de forma tão severa.Hoje, sabe-se que os danos sobre o sistema nervoso central são múltiplos, e a microcefalia é considerada a ponta do iceberg, visto que na realidade ela representa o epílogo de um processo devastador desta infecção sobre o sistema nervoso central do embrião e do feto. Em decorrência da agressão do sistema nervoso central pelo VZIK, esta infecção pode provocar artrogripose, disfagia, surdez e comprometimento visual. Todas estas alterações, de gravidade variável, direta ou indiretamente comprometem a vida futura dessas crianças, já sendo considerada uma síndrome congênita ligada aoVZIK. Uma das principais dificuldades na abordagemdessa infecção é relativa ao diagnóstico. Considerando a parte clínica, observa-se que ela apresenta manifestações comuns às infecções pelos vírus da dengue e da febre chikungunya, variando apenasemsuas intensidades subjetivas. As variáveis clínicas mais frequentes são o exantema, febrícula, conjuntivite não purulenta e artralgia. No tocante aos recursos laboratoriais, também existem limitações ao diagnóstico subsidiário. As provas de biologia molecular se fundamentam na reação em cadeia da polimerase (RCP) com ação da transcriptase reversa (TT), visto que o VZIK é umvírus ácido ribonucleico (ARN). ATRRCP apresenta positividade sérica ou plasmática por um período curto de tempo, não ultrapassando cinco dias após início dos sinais e sintomas. Esta pesquisa do VZIK na urina fica positiva por período mais prolongado, chegando a 14 dias. Ainda não existem técnicas seguras para diagnóstico sorológico dessa infecção. Não havendo complicações (meningoencefalite ou síndrome de Guillain-Barré), dificilmente são necessários mais exames complementares para avaliar o comprometimento sistêmico.No entanto, são necessáriasprovaspara descartar as outras infecções que causam exantema, como dengue, chikungunya, sífilis, toxoplasmose, citomegalovírus, rubéola e herpes. Sabe-se que não existe terapia antiviral específica contra o VZIK, e a abordagem terapêutica de gestantes portadoras da infecção limita-se ao uso de antitérmicos e analgésicos. Orienta-se evitar anti-inflamatórios até que o diagnóstico de dengue seja descartado. Sobre a condução do pré-natal, não há necessidade de modificar o cronograma de consultas pré-natais para gestantes que foram infectadas pelo VZIK, mas é necessária a garantia de três exames ecográficos durante a gravidez para gestantes de baixo risco, emensais para a gestante cominfecção confirmada pelo VZIK. Avia de parto é vaginal, e está liberado o aleitamento natural.

Abstract From the discovery of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in 1947 in Uganda (Africa), until its arrival in South America, it was not known that it would affect human reproductive life so severely. Today, damagetothe central nervous system is known to be multiple, and microcephaly is considered the tip of the iceberg. Microcephaly actually represents the epilogue of this infection’s devastating process on the central nervous system of embryos and fetuses. As a result of central nervous system aggression by the ZIKV, this infection brings the possibility of arthrogryposis, dysphagia, deafness and visual impairment. All of these changes of varying severity directly or indirectly compromise the future life of these children, and are already considered a congenital syndrome linked to the ZIKV. Diagnosis is one of the main difficulties in the approach of this infection. Considering the clinical part, it has manifestations common to infections by the dengue virus and the chikungunya fever, varying only in subjective intensities. The most frequent clinical variables are rash, febrile state, non-purulent conjunctivitis and arthralgia, among others. In terms of laboratory resources, there are also limitations to the subsidiary diagnosis. Molecular biology tests are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)with reverse transcriptase (RT) action, since the ZIKV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. The RT-PCR shows serum or plasma positivity for a short period of time, no more than five days after the onset of the signs and symptoms. The ZIKVurine test is positive for a longer period, up to 14 days. There are still no reliable techniques for the serological diagnosis of this infection. If there are no complications (meningoencephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome), further examination is unnecessary to assess systemic impairment. However, evidence is needed to rule out other infections that also cause rashes, such as dengue, chikungunya, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, and herpes. There is no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV, and the therapeutic approach to infected pregnant women is limited to the use of antipyretics and analgesics. Anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided until the diagnosis of dengue is discarded. There is no need to modify the schedule of prenatal visits for pregnant women infected by ZIKV, but it is necessary to guarantee three ultrasound examinations during pregnancy for low-risk pregnancies, and monthly for pregnant women with confirmed ZIKV infection. Vaginal delivery and natural breastfeeding are advised.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603450 7544 downloads

11.

Ultrasound during the second stage of labour: is it effective to reduce the caesarean section rates?
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Hinkson, Larry

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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jun 2015, Volume 37 N. 6 Pages 249 - 251

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/SO100-720320150005308 1604 downloads

12.

Assessment of embryo/fetus during pregnancy by threedimensional ultrasonography using the HD live software: iconographic essay
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Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Santana, Eduardo Félix Martins

; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Radiologia Brasileira

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feb 2015, Volume 48 N. 1 Pages 52 - 55

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O desenvolvimento fetal é estudado desde o advento da ultrassonografia bidimensional. Entretanto, a avaliação pormenorizada de estruturas e superfícies ganhou maior qualidade com a ultrassonografia tridimensional. Atualmente, é possível identificar componentes embrionários e partes do feto com maior riqueza de detalhes, em todos os trimestres da gestação, utilizando o software HD live, no qual a imagem ganha características realísticas mediante controle adequado de luz e sombreamento. Neste estudo utilizamos este recurso, por meio de imagens, para acompanhar a evolução de uma gestação normal em todos os seus trimestres.

Fetal development is studied since the advent of two-dimensional ultrasonography. However, a detailed assessment of structures and surfaces improved with three-dimensional ultrasonography. Currently, it is possible to identify embryonic components and fetal parts with greater detail, at all pregnancy trimesters, using the HD live software, where the images gain realistic features by means of appropriate control of lighting and shadowing effects. In the present study, the authors utilized this resource to follow-up, by means of images, the development of a normal pregnancy along all trimesters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2013.1875 17597 downloads

13.

Intervalos de referência para o volume da cisterna magna fetal por meio do método bidimensional usando o modo multiplanar da ultrassonografia tridimensional
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Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

; Passos, Ana Paula

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Bruns, Rafael Frederico

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Radiologia Brasileira

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aug 2014, Volume 47 N. 4 Pages 201 - 205

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivo:Determinar intervalos de referência para o volume da cisterna magna fetal por meio do método bidimensional (2D) usando o modo multiplanar da ultrassonografia tridimensional.Materiais e Métodos:Estudo de corte transversal com 224 gestantes normais entre a 17ª e 29ª semanas. O volume foi obtido automaticamente pela multiplicação dos três maiores eixos nos planos axial e sagital pela constante 0,52. Regressão polinomial foi realizada para obter correlação entre o volume 2D da cisterna magna e a idade gestacional, sendo os ajustes realizados pelo coeficiente de determinação (R2). Confiabilidade e concordância foram obtidas pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e limites de concordância.Resultados:A média do volume da cisterna magna 2D variou de 0,71 ± 0,19 cm3 para 4,18 ± 0,75 cm3 entre a 17ª e 29ª semanas, respectivamente. Observou-se boa correlação do volume da cisterna magna fetal 2D e a idade gestacional (R2 = 0,67). Observou-se excelente confiabilidade e concordância intraobservador com CCI = 0,89 e limites de concordância 95% (-52,0; 51,8), respectivamente. Observou-se baixa confiabilidade e concordância interobservador com CCI = 0,64 e limites de concordância 95% (-110,1; 84,6), respectivamente.Conclusão:Intervalos de referência para o volume 2D da cisterna magna fetal usando o modo multiplanar da ultrassonografia tridimensional foram determinados e apresentaram excelente confiabilidade e concordância intraobservador.

Objective:To establish reference intervals for the fetal cisterna magna volume by means of two-dimensional (2D) method using the multiplanar mode of three-dimensional ultrasonography.Materials and Methods:Cross-sectional study with 224 healthy pregnant women between the 17th and 29th gestational weeks. The volume was automatically obtained by multiplying the three major axes in axial and sagittal planes by the constant 0.52. Polynomial regression was utilized to establish the correlation between fetal cisterna magna volume and gestational age, with adjustments by coefficient of determination (R2). Reliability and agreement were obtained by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and limits of agreement, respectively.Results:Mean fetal cisterna volume with the 2D method ranged from 0.71 ± 0.19 cm3 to 4.18 ± 0.75 cm3 at the 17th and 29th weeks, respectively. The authors observed a good correlation between fetal cisterna magna volume and gestational age (R2 = 0.67), excellent intraobserver reliability and agreement with ICC = 0.89 and limits of agreement 95% (-52.0; 51.8), respectively, and low interobserver reliability and agreement with ICC = 0.64 and limits of agreement 95% (-110.1; 84.6), respectively.Conclusion:Reference intervals for fetal cisterna magna volume by means of 2D method using the multiplanar mode of three-dimensional ultrasonography were established and presented excellent intraobserver reliability and agreement.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2013.1852 37872 downloads

14.

Three-dimensional ultrasound STIC-HDlive rendering: new technique to assessing of fetal heart
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Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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dec 2013, Volume 28 N. 4 Pages v - vii

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-9741.20130070 1211 downloads

15.

Avaliação do coração fetal no primeiro trimestre de gestação: influência do comprimento cabeça-nádega e índice de massa corporal materna
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Pares, David Baptista Silva

; Lima, Angélia Iara Felipe

; Araujo Júnior, Edward

; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

; Martins, Wellington P.

; Moron, Antonio Fernandes

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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dec 2013, Volume 28 N. 4 Pages 477 - 481

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do comprimento cabeça-nádega e do índice de massa corporal na avaliação ultrassonográfica do coração fetal, pelas vias abdominal e vaginal, no primeiro trimestre de gestação. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal com 57 gestantes normais entre 12 a 14 semanas (CCN < 84 mm). Foram avaliados os seguintes planos cardíacos, pelas vias abdominal e vaginal: quatro câmaras, via de saída do ventrículo direito, via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo e arco aórtico. Utilizou-se o modo B, Doppler colorido e ultrassonografia de quarta dimensão (spatio-temporal image correlation). Para avaliar a influência do comprimento cabeça-nádega e índice de massa corporal na avaliação dos planos cardíacos fetal, utilizou-se o teste t não-pareado. RESULTADOS: Não se observou diferenças estaticamente significativas nas taxas de sucesso e insucesso entre as vias abdominal e vaginal em relação ao índice de massa corporal, contudo, observou-se maior taxa de insucesso na avaliação vaginal utilizando o modo B associado ao Doppler colorido (P<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: O índice de massa corporal e o comprimento cabeça-nádega não tiveram interferência na avaliação cardíaca fetal no primeiro trimestre de gestação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the crown-rump length and body mass index on sonographic evaluation of the fetal heart using abdominal and vaginal routes in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 57 pregnant women between 12-14 weeks (CRL< 84 mm). We evaluated the following fetal cardiac plans using the abdominal and vaginal routes: four-chamber view, right ventricle outflow tract, left ventricle outflow tract and aortic arch. We used the B-mode, color Doppler and four-dimensional ultrasonography (spatio-temporal image correlation). To evaluate the influence of crown-rump length and body mass index in the assessment of fetal cardiac planes, we used the t test unpaired. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of success and failure between abdominal and vaginal routes in relation to body mass index, however, there was a higher failure rate in vaginal assessment using B mode associated with color Doppler (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The crown-rump length and body mass index had no interference in fetal cardiac assessment in the first trimester of pregnancy.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-9741.20130078 3185 downloads

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