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RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever casos, óbitos e mortalidade hospitalar por covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, conforme faixa etária, durante as fases de evolução da pandemia em 2020 e 2021. MÉTODOS Censo de pacientes de até 19 anos internados com síndrome respiratória aguda grave, por covid-19 ou não especificada, notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe do Brasil, entre 1 de janeiro de 2020 e 31 de dezembro de 2021. Os dois anos foram divididos em seis fases, abrangendo a disseminação da doença − primeira, segunda e terceira onda −, bem como o impacto da vacinação. A população pediátrica foi categorizada em lactentes, pré-escolares, escolares e adolescentes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi avaliada por fase da pandemia e faixa etária. RESULTADOS Foram contabilizados 144.041 pacientes nos dois anos, sendo 18,2% casos de covid-19 confirmados. Menores de 5 anos (lactentes e pré-escolares) corresponderam a 62,8% dos hospitalizados. Evoluíram a óbito 4.471, representando cerca 6,1 óbitos por dia. Os lactentes foram os que mais evoluíram para unidade de terapia intensiva (24,7%) e apresentaram o maior número bruto de óbito (n = 2.012), porém a mortalidade foi maior entre os adolescentes (5,7%), chegando a 9,8% na fase 1. O primeiro pico de óbitos ocorreu na fase 1 (maio/2020), e outros dois picos ocorreram na fase 4 (março/2021 e maio/2021). Verificou-se avanço de casos e óbitos para as idades inferiores desde a fase 4. A mortalidade hospitalar na população pediátrica foi maior nas fases 1, 4 e 6, acompanhando os fenômenos de disseminação/interiorização do vírus no país, início da segunda onda e início da terceira onda, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO O número absoluto de casos de covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes é expressivo. Embora a vacinação completa em ordem decrescente de idade tenha proporcionado um desvio natural de faixa etária, ocorreu um distanciamento maior entre a curva de novos casos hospitalizados e a curva de óbitos, indicando o impacto positivo da imunização.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe cases, deaths, and hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil, according to age group, during the evolving phases of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. METHODS Census of patients aged up to 19 committed with severe acute respiratory syndrome, due to covid-19 or unspecified, notified to the Brazilian Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The two years were divided into six phases, covering the spread of the disease—first, second and third wave—as well as the impact of vaccination. The pediatric population was categorized into infants, preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents. Hospital mortality was assessed by pandemic phase and age group. RESULTS A total of 144,041 patients were recorded in the two years, 18.2% of whom had confirmed cases of covid-19. Children under 5 years old (infants and preschoolers) accounted for 62.8% of those hospitalized. A total of 4,471 patients died, representing about 6.1 deaths per day. Infants were the ones who most progressed to the intensive care unit (24.7%) and had the highest gross number of deaths (n = 2,012), but mortality was higher among adolescents (5.7%), reaching 9.8% in phase 1. The first peak of deaths occurred in phase 1 (May/2020), and two other peaks occurred in phase 4 (March/2021 and May/2021). There was an increase in cases and deaths for younger ages since phase 4. Hospital mortality in the pediatric population was higher in phases 1, 4, and 6, following the phenomena of dissemination/interiorization of the virus in the country, beginning of the second wave and beginning of the third wave, respectively. CONCLUSION The absolute number of cases of covid-19 in children and adolescents is significant. Although complete vaccination in descending order of age provided a natural deviation in age range, there was a greater gap between the curve of new hospitalized cases and the curve of deaths, indicating the positive impact of immunization.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005172

Hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil in 2020–2021
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Silva, Amanda Cilene Cruz Aguiar Castilho da

; Luiz, Ronir Raggio

; Moraes, José Rodrigo de

; Rocha, Pedro Henrique Vieira

; Zeitoune, Regina Célia Gollner

; Barbosa, Arnaldo Prata

; Moreira, Jessica Pronestino de Lima

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 57 elocation 56

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005172

PSYCHOSOCIAL RISKS RELATED TO THE ORGANIZATION OF OUTPATIENT NURSING WORK
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Santos, Katerine Moraes dos

; Tracera, Gisele Massante Peixoto

; Sousa, Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa

; Moreira, Jessica Pronestino de Lima

; Castro, Magda Ribeiro de

; Zeitoune, Regina Celia Gollner

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

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2022, Volume 31 elocation e20210312

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os riscos psicossociais relacionados à organização do trabalho de enfermagem em ambulatórios de hospitais universitários. Método: estudo epidemiológico transversal desenvolvido em 11 unidades ambulatoriais vinculadas às três universidades públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Participaram 388 trabalhadores de enfermagem, que atuavam na assistência à época da pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de julho a dezembro de 2018, por meio de um instrumento autoaplicável. Utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica, ocupacional e de saúde, e a Escala de Organização do Trabalho. As análises bivariadas foram realizadas utilizando a razão de chances, odds ratio (OR), com intervalo de confiança de 95%, nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a organização do trabalho de enfermagem recebeu avaliação de risco psicossocial médio pelos profissionais participantes da pesquisa, demandando intervenções a curto e médio prazo. Não houve associação entre as características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde e a organização do trabalho ambulatorial. Conclusão: medidas interventivas devem ser realizadas nos fatores de risco psicossocial apresentados nesta pesquisa, na perspectiva de melhorar o ambiente de trabalho, de forma que se considere a importância da manutenção de condições materiais satisfatórias, bem como o quantitativo adequado de recursos humanos. Além disso, visa-se ampliar os espaços de participação da enfermagem na tomada de decisão, fortalecendo sua autonomia enquanto profissão.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the psychosocial risks related to the organization of nursing work in outpatient clinics of university hospitals. Method: cross-sectional epidemiological study developed in 11 outpatient units linked to the three public universities of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants were 388 nursing professionals who worked in patient care at the time of the research. Data were collected from July to December 2018, using a self-applicable instrument. A questionnaire was used for sociodemographic, occupational and health characterization, and the Work Organization Scale. The bivariate analyses were performed using the odds ratio (OR), with a confidence interval of 95%, significance level of 5%. Results: the organization of nursing work received an assessment of medium psychosocial risk by the professionals participating in the research, demanding interventions in the short and medium term. There was no association between sociodemographic, occupational and health characteristics and the organization of outpatient work. Conclusion: interventional measures should be performed in the psychosocial risk factors presented in this research, with a view to improving the work environment, so that the importance of maintaining satisfactory material conditions is considered, as well as the adequate quantity of human resources. In addition, it aims to expand the spaces of nursing participation in decision-making, strengthening its autonomy as a profession.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los riesgos psicosociales relacionados con la organización del trabajo de enfermería en las consultas externas de los hospitales universitarios. Método: estudio epidemiológico transversal desarrollado en 11 unidades ambulatorias vinculadas a las tres universidades públicas de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los participantes fueron 388 profesionales de enfermería que trabajaban en la atención al paciente en el momento de la investigación. Los datos se recolectaron de julio a diciembre de 2018, utilizando un instrumento autoaplicable. Se utilizó un cuestionario para la caracterización sociodemográfica, ocupacional y de salud, y la Escala de Organización del Trabajo. Los análisis bivariados se realizaron utilizando el odds ratio (OR), con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: la organización del trabajo de enfermería recibió una evaluación del riesgo medio psicosocial por parte de los profesionales participantes en la investigación, exigiendo intervenciones en el corto y mediano plazo. No hubo asociación entre las características sociodemográficas, ocupacionales y de salud y la organización del trabajo ambulatório. Conclusión: se deben realizar medidas de intervención en los factores de riesgo psicosocial presentados en esta investigación, con miras a mejorar el clima laboral, a fin de considerar la importancia de mantener condiciones materiales satisfactorias, así como la cantidad adecuada de recursos humanos. Además, se busca ampliar los espacios de participación de la enfermería en la toma de decisiones, fortaleciendo su autonomía como profesión.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2021-0312

O adoecimento dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e os riscos psicossociais no trabalho
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Santos, Katerine Moraes dos

; Tracera, Gisele Massante Peixoto

; Nascimento, Flaviana Pereira Bastos

; Moreira, Jéssica Pronestino de Lima

; Ruas, Cristiane Aguiar da Silva

; Fonseca, Elizabeth Camacho

; Zeitoune, Regina Célia Gollner

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem

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2022, Volume 35 elocation eAPE03447

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o adoecimento físico e psicossocial decorrente do trabalho do profissional de enfermagem que atua em ambulatório de hospital universitário e sua inter-relação com os riscos psicossociais. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado com 388 profissionais de enfermagem de ambulatórios universitários, no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização dos participantes e a Escala de Danos Físicos e Psicossociais no Trabalho, a coleta de dados ocorreu de julho a dezembro de 2018. Realizou-se análise descritiva das variáveis e a classificação de risco dos danos. Para a análise estatística bivariada, utilizou-se a medida de associação razão de chances, com intervalo de confiança de 95%, nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O contexto de trabalho ambulatorial da enfermagem põe em risco a saúde física dos profissionais; porém, há de se considerar também o seu perfil, que, além de uma longa trajetória na enfermagem, aponta para a sua rotatividade pelos setores do hospital, finalizando no ambulatório. Partindo dessa perspectiva, esses profissionais podem já estar adoecidos fisicamente ao serem alocados nos ambulatórios, para desenvolverem suas atividades laborais. Conclusão Os danos físicos receberam as piores avaliações, dados corroborados pela literatura nacional e internacional, os quais estiveram associados aos desfechos investigados, destacando-se a presença de doenças crônicas e o absenteísmo por doenças.

Abstract Objective To analyze the physical and psychosocial work-related disorders of nursing professionals working in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital, and its interrelationship with psychosocial risks. Methods An epidemiological and cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 nursing professionals from outpatient clinics of a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. A questionnaire was used to characterize the participants and the Work-Related Physical and Psychosocial Disorder Scale (WRDS). Data collection occurred from July to December of 2018. Descriptive analysis of the variables and the risk classification of the disorder were performed. For the bivariate statistical analysis, the odds ratio association measure was obtained, using a 95% confidence interval, 5% significance level. Results The outpatient nursing work context jeopardizes the physical health of professionals at risk; however, it is also necessary to understand their profile, which, in addition to a long trajectory in nursing, points to their constant rotation among the sectors of the hospital, ending up in the outpatient setting. From this perspective, these professionals may already be physically unhealthy, when they are allocated to the outpatient clinics. Conclusion Physical disorders received the worst evaluations, data supported by national and international literature, which were associated with the outcomes investigated, highlighting the presence of chronic diseases and absence due to illness.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las enfermedades físicas y psicosociales resultantes del trabajo de profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en el ambulatorio de un hospital universitario y su interrelación con los riesgos psicosociales. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico transversal, realizado con 388 profesionales de enfermería de ambulatorios universitarios en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro, estado de Rio de Janeiro. Se utilizó un cuestionario para la caracterización de los participantes y la Escala de Daños Físicos y Psicosociales en el Trabajo. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo de julio a diciembre de 2018. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de las variables y la clasificación de riesgo de los daños. Para el análisis estadístico bivariado, se utilizó la medida de asociación razón de momios, con intervalo de confianza del 95 %, nivel de significancia del 5 %. Resultados El contexto de trabajo en un ambulatorio de enfermería pone en riesgo la salud física de los profesionales. Sin embargo, se debe considerar también su perfil, que, además de una larga trayectoria en enfermería, indica una rotación por los sectores del hospital, que termina en el ambulatorio. Partiendo de esa perspectiva, estos profesionales pueden ya estar enfermos físicamente al ser destinados a los ambulatorios para que desarrollen sus actividades laborales. Conclusión Los daños físicos recibieron las peores evaluaciones, datos corroborados por la literatura nacional e internacional, que estuvieron asociados a los desenlaces investigados, con énfasis en la presencia de enfermedades crónicas y ausentismo por enfermedad.

https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2022ao03447

Characterization of primary direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs resistance mutations in NS5A/NS5B regions of hepatitis C virus with genotype 1a and 1b from patients with chronic hepatitis
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Santos, Ana Paula de Torres

; Silva, Vanessa Cristina Martins

; Mendes-Corrêa, Maria Cássia

; Lemos, Marcilio Figueiredo

; Malta, Fernanda de Mello

; Santana, Rúbia Anita Ferraz

; Dastoli, Gregório Tadeu Fernando

; Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte de

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Moreira, Regina Célia

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e61

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem. The high level of HCV replication and its lack of post-transcriptional correction mechanisms results in the emergence of viral variants and the difficulty in determining polymorphisms and variants that contain the substitutions associated with resistance towards new antivirals. The main focus of this study was to map the NS5A and NS5B polymorphisms and resistance mutations to new antiviral drugs in HCV strains genotype 1 from patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Serum samples were collected from patients who underwent routine viral load tests at the Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo city, Brazil. A total of 698 and 853 samples were used for the characterization of NS5A and NS5B regions, respectively, which comprise the HCV genotypes 1a and 1b. The prevalence of resistance mutations found in the NS5A region was 6.4%, with Y93H, L31M, Q30R, and Y93N as the main resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). No NS5B-associated RAS was observed for any of the analyzed drugs. These findings support that the RAS test should be offered to individuals with poor response to double combination regimens prior to treatment initiation, thereby assisting strain vigilance and selection of effective treatment or retreatment options using DAA regimens.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264061

Hepatitis B in the Northwestern region of Sao Paulo State: genotypes and resistance mutations
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Meneghello, Brígida Helena da Silva

; Soares, Márcia Maria Costa Nunes

; Silva, Vanessa Cristina Martins

; Lemos, Marcilio Figueiredo

; Cervato, Murilo Castro

; Caetano Filho, João

; Sitnik, Roberta

; Estécio, Tânia Cristina Higino

; Compri, Adriana Parise

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Moreira, Regina Célia

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e78

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In Brazil, few studies on the molecular aspects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been conducted in the interior regions of Sao Paulo State. This study aimed to identify HBV genotypes and evaluate strains with resistance mutations for nucleoside analogues in the Administrative Region (AR) of the municipality of Sao Jose do Rio Preto. We performed nested PCRs of 127 samples from the Health Care Services of the AR to amplify, sequence and analyze fragments of the HBV DNA, in order to identify genotypes and resistance mutations. The HBV S/Pol regions of 126 samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. Five different genotypes were found, and the main ones were A, D and F; a greater number of samples contained the subgenotypes A1 (n = 51; 40.5%), D3 (n = 36; 28.6%), A2 (n = 14; 11.1%) and F2a (n = 9; 7.1%). Resistance mutations (rtM204V/I/S) associated or not with compensatory mutations (rtL180M, rtV173L) were identified in 13.9% (5/36) of patients undergoing viral treatment and 1.1% (1/90) of naïve patients. The diversity of genotypes/subgenotypes found is probably due to the intense migration occurring in the region. These data can complement epidemiological and clinical surveillance, and can be used for a more effective management of chronic HBV patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163078 54 downloads

Prevalence of hepatitis A in the capitals of the States of North, Southeast and South regions of Brazil: decrease in prevalence and some consequences
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Pereira, Leila M. M. B.

; Stein, Airton T.

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Coral, Gabriela Perdomo

; Montarroyos, Ulisses R.

; Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves

; Braga, Maria Cynthia

; Moreira, Regina Celia

; Santos, Alex A. dos

; Ximenes, Ricardo Alencar

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e34

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been considered one of the leading causes of acute hepatitis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of HAV among children and adolescents in a population-based study in the capitals of the States of the North, Southeast and South of Brazil and identify predictive factors for the infection. A multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects aged between 5-9 and 10-19 years. Individual and household levels aside from the level of variables in the areas were collected. The outcome was the total IgG antibodies to HAV levels detected using a commercial Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). The associations between HAV and the independent variables were assessed using the odds ratio. A multilevel analysis was performed by GLLAMM using the Stata software. The prevalence of HAV infection in the 5-9 and 10-19 age groups was 28.7% and 67.5%, respectively for the North, 20.6% and 37.7%, for the Southeast and 18.9% and 34.5% for the South Region. The prevalence of HAV increased according to age in all sites. Variables related to education at the individual level (North and South), family and area level (South and Southeast) and family income level (Southeast and South) were independently associated with HAV infection. This emphasizes the need for individualized strategies to prevent the infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163034 358 downloads

Isolation, fractionation and anticoagulant activity of a sulfated galactan extracted from the green algae Penicillus capitatus
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Moreira, Thamyris Almeida

; Costa, Bianca Barros da

; Celestino, Regina Célia Alves

; Faria, Caroline Nogueira

; Gianelli, Jéssica Lopes D’Dego

; Santos, Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso dos

; Glauser, Bianca Fernandes

; Soares, Angélica Ribeiro

; Mourão, Paulo Antônio de Souza

; Rodrigues, Carlos Rangel

; Cinelli, Leonardo Paes

Ciência Rural

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2021, Volume 51 N. 8 elocation e20200138

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: As algas marinhas são fontes naturais de macromoléculas conhecidas como polissacarídeos sulfatados. Esta classe de compostos atraiu o interesse das Ciências Farmacêuticas devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas como anticoagulante, antiplaquetária e antitrombótica. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial anticoagulante de polissacarídeos sulfatados extraídos de algas de Penicillus capitatus. Os polissacarídeos sulfatados extraídos foram purificados, parcialmente caracterizados e sua atividade anticoagulante foi avaliada. O processo de extração seguido pela precipitação com etanol resultou em cinco frações. Entre as frações analisadas, F44 foi a maior concentração de polissacarídeos sulfatados. Após a purificação, as frações F23 e F44 mostraram atividade anticoagulante in vitro em um teste de tempo de tromboplastina parcialmente ativada e tempo de protrombina. Seu mecanismo preferencial é baseado nas interações entre trombina e fator Xa. Estudos adicionais sobre a estrutura farmacológica são necessários para testar a viabilidade do uso como agente terapêutico.

ABSTRACT: Marine algae are natural sources of macromolecules known as sulfated polysaccharides. This class of compounds has attracted the interest of Pharmaceutical Sciences due to its pharmacological anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties. Therefore, this study evaluated the anticoagulant potential of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the algae Penicillus capitatus. The extracted sulfated polysaccharides were purified, partially characterized and their anticoagulant activity was evaluated. The extraction process followed by ethanol precipitation resulted in five fractions. Among the analyzed fractions, F44 contained highest concentration of sulfated polysaccharides. After the purified fraction F23, F44 displayed in vitro anticoagulant activity in a time testing for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. The preferential mechanism effect was based on interactions between thrombin and factor Xa. Additional studies on structure pharmacological are required to test the viability of the use of sulfated polysaccharides as therapeutic agents.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200138 173 downloads

10.

Mental health interventions implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the evidence?
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Moreira, Wanderson Carneiro

; Sousa, Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa

; Sousa, Anderson Reis de

; Santana, Thiago da Silva

; Zeitoune, Regina Célia Gollner

; Nóbrega, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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2021, Volume 74 Suppl. 1 elocation e20200635

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear as evidências sobre intervenções em saúde mental implementadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: scoping review realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO e Science Direct e nos servidores de preprints medRxiv, bioRxiv e PsyArXiv, usando os descritores “Covid-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public” e “mental health”. Resultados: oito artigos foram selecionados e categorizados em intervenções em saúde mental à população, dentre as quais intervenções em saúde mental às pessoas com diagnóstico de suspeita/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenções em saúde mental aos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: evidenciou-se como intervenções o telemonitoramento, jogos virtuais e estratégias focalizadas no suporte social e em técnicas de relaxamento muscular, caracterizadas como não farmacológicas e de baixo custo, que, por se mostrarem eficazes, precisam ser incentivadas e incluídas em práticas de atenção à saúde mental.

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the evidence on mental health interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this scoping review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv preprints servers using the descriptors “Covid-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public”, and “mental health”. Results: eight articles were selected and categorized into mental health interventions for the population, among which mental health interventions were for people diagnosed with suspicion/confirmed COVID-19 and mental health interventions for health professionals. Conclusion: telemonitoring, virtual games and strategies focused on social support and muscle relaxation techniques, characterized as non-pharmacological and low-cost, were shown as interventions, which, since they are effective, need to be encouraged and included in mental health care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la evidencia sobre las intervenciones de salud mental implementadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: revisión de alcance realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO y Science Direct y en los servidores de preprint medRxiv, bioRxiv y PsyArXiv, utilizando los descriptores “Covid-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public”, “mental health”. Resultados: se seleccionaron ocho artículos y se categorizaron en intervenciones de salud mental para la población, incluidas intervenciones de salud mental para personas con diagnóstico presunto/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenciones de salud mental para profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: se mostraron como intervenciones la telemonitorización, los juegos virtuales y las estrategias enfocadas al apoyo social y técnicas de relajación muscular, caracterizadas como no farmacológicas y de bajo costo que, por su eficacia, deben ser alentados e incluidos en las prácticas de atención de la salud mental.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0635 775 downloads

11.

[SciELO Preprints] - Mental health interventions in times of COVID-19: a scoping review
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Moreira, Wanderson Carneiro Sousa, Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa Sousa, Anderson Reis de Santana, Thiago da Silva Zeitoune, Regina Célia Gollner Nóbrega, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa

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Publication date: 2020-07-24

Abstract: En Es Pt

Objective: to map the evidence on mental health interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: a scoping review carried out on the MEDLINE / PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, PsycINFO and Science Direct databases and on the medRxiv, bioRxiv and PsyArXiv preprint servers, using the descriptors “COVID-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public” and “mental health”. Results: eight articles were selected and categorized into: mental health interventions for the population, including mental health interventions for people with a suspected / confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and mental health interventions for health professionals. Conclusion: telemonitoring, virtual games and strategies focused on social support and muscle relaxation techniques, characterized as non-pharmacological and low-cost, which proved to be effective, need to be encouraged and included in care practices as interventions. mental health.

Objetivo: mapear la evidencia sobre las intervenciones de salud mental implementadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: una revisión de alcance realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, PsycINFO y Science Direct y en los servidores de preimpresión medRxiv, bioRxiv y PsyArXiv, utilizando los descriptores "COVID-19", "infección por coronavirus", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "nueva enfermedad de coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV-2", "personal de salud", "público en general" y "salud mental". Resultados: se seleccionaron ocho artículos y se clasificaron en: intervenciones de salud mental para la población, incluidas intervenciones de salud mental para personas con diagnóstico sospechoso/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenciones de salud mental para profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: la telemonitorización, los juegos virtuales y las estrategias centradas en el apoyo social y las técnicas de relajación muscular, caracterizadas como no farmacológicas y de bajo costo, que demostraron ser efectivas, deben fomentarse e incluirse en las prácticas de atención como intervenciones. salud mental.

Objetivo: mapear as evidências sobre intervenções em saúde mental implementadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: scoping review realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, PsycINFO e Science Direct e nos servidores de preprints medRxiv, bioRxiv e PsyArXiv, usando os descritores “COVID-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public” e “mental health”. Resultados: Oito artigos foram selecionados e categorizados em: intervenções em saúde mental à população, dentre as quais intervenções em saúde mental às pessoas com diagnóstico de suspeita/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenções em saúde mental aos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: evidenciou-se como intervenções o telemonitoramento, jogos virtuais e estratégias focalizadas no suporte social e em técnicas de relaxamento muscular, caracterizadas como não farmacológicas e de baixo custo, que por mostrarem-se eficazes, precisam ser incentivadas e incluídas em práticas de atenção à saúde mental.

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.1007

12.

Incorporação de resíduos de etileno acetato de vinila na produção de blocos intertravados de concreto para pavimentação
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Ribeiro, Francisco Roger Carneiro

; Moreira, Kelvya Maria de Vasconcelos

; Marques, Almircélio Sampaio

; Modolo, Regina Célia Espinosa

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2020, Volume 25 N. 4 elocation e-12855

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar o emprego do resíduo de Etileno Acetato de Vinila (E.V.A), proveniente da indústria calçadista, como agregado leve em substituição parcial ao agregado miúdo natural na produção de blocos intertravados de concreto para pavimentação de calçadas e áreas de passeios de pedestres. Para isso, foram confeccionadas três formulações de concretos contendo resíduos com diferentes porcentagens de substituição em volume e uma formulação de referência (sem resíduo). No estado fresco, realizou-se o ensaio de abatimento do tronco de cone. Já no estado endurecido, fez-se a inspeção visual e a análise dimensional dos blocos, o ensaio de resistência à compressão aos 7, 28 e 56 dias de idade, bem como o ensaio de absorção de água aos 28 e 56 dias. Foi possível concluir que a substituição de agregados miúdos naturais pelo resíduo de E.V.A em determinados percentuais (até 30%) tende a promover elevada perda de resistência mecânica e a limitar o uso dos blocos intertravados para tráfegos com baixas solicitações. Os resultados demonstraram ainda que, embora haja limitações de volume de substituição de agregado natural por E.V.A, a redução de custo de produção torna a aplicação do resíduo tecnicamente e economicamente viável.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) residue, from the footwear industry, as a lightweight aggregate in partial replacement with the natural kid's aggregate in the production of interlocking concrete blocks for paving sidewalks and walking areas of pedestrians. For this, three concrete formulations containing residues with different percentages of volume substitution and a reference formulation (without residue) were developed. The cone trunk abatement test was performed in the fresh state. In the hardened state, the visual inspection and dimensional analysis of the blocks, the compressive strength test at 7, 28 and 56 days of age, as well as the water absorption test at 28 and 56 days were performed. It was concluded that the substitution of natural minute aggregates by the E.V.A residue in certain percentages (up to 30%) tends to promote high loss of mechanical strength and limit the use of interlocking blocks for low demand traffic. The results also showed that, although there are limitations on the volume of natural agregate substitution per E.V.A, the reduction of production costs makes the application of the waste technically and economically viable.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620200004.1155 490 downloads

13.

Ocorrência de hepatite B em gestantes e seguimento de crianças expostas no estado de São Paulo, em 2012
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Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Holcman, Marcia Moreira

; Compri, Adriana Parise

; Silva, Célia Regina Cicolo da

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Moreira, Regina Célia

; Pinho, Maria Eunice Rebello

; Bersusa, Ana Aparecida Sanches

; Coelho, Débora Moraes

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Sato, Helena Keico

; Araujo, Núbia Virginia D’Avila Limeira de

; Caminada, Sirlene

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2020, Volume 29 N. 2 elocation e2019443

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a ocorrência da hepatite B entre gestantes, a realização de imunoprofilaxia e a transmissão vertical e perinatal nas crianças expostas ao vírus na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal sobre registros de pré-natal de gestantes atendidas de janeiro a junho de 2012 e coorte dos recém-nascidos; foram descritas as frequências dos resultados e calculada a estimativa da ocorrência da hepatite B. Resultados: foram incluídas 6.233 gestantes, das quais 53,1% com 20 a 29 anos de idade, 58,7% com 8 a 11 anos de estudo, 53,3% brancas e 73,9% com companheiro; a ocorrência de hepatite B foi de 0,13% (IC95%: 0,04 a 0,21%); das oito crianças de mães com hepatite B crônica, seis tiveram esquema vacinal completo e não houve transmissão vertical ou perinatal. Conclusão: observou-se baixa ocorrência de hepatite B em gestantes e ausência de transmissão vertical ou perinatal.

Abstract Objective: to describe the occurrence of hepatitis B among pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis and vertical and perinatal transmission in children exposed to the virus in the São Paulo state primary care network, Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study using prenatal records of pregnant women attending health services between January and June 2012 and a cohort of newborns; the frequencies of the results were described and the estimated occurrence of hepatitis B was calculated. Results: 6,233 pregnant women were included, of whom 53.1% were between 20-29 years old, 58.7% had 8-11 years of schooling, 53.3% were white, and 73.9% lived with a partner; occurrence of hepatitis B was 0.13% (95%CI 0.04; 0.21); of the eight children of mothers with chronic hepatitis B, six had a complete vaccination schedule, and there was no vertical or perinatal transmission. Conclusion: there was low occurrence of hepatitis B in pregnant women and absence of vertical or perinatal transmission.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el aparecimiento de hepatitis B en mujeres embarazadas, la inmunoprofilaxis y la transmisión vertical y perinatal en niños expuestos al virus en la red de atención primaria en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal con registros prenatales de mujeres embarazadas atendidas de enero a junio de 2012 y cohorte de recién nacidos; se describieron las frecuencias y se calculó el surgimiento de la hepatitis B. Resultados: se incluyeron 6.233 gestantes, de las cuales 53,1% con 20 a 29 años de edad, 58,7% con 8 a 11 años de estudios, 53,3% blancas y 73,9% viviendo en pareja; la ocurrencia de hepatitis B fue del 0,13% (IC95%: 0,04 to 0,21%); entre ocho hijos de madres con hepatitis B crónica, seis tenía un calendario de vacunación completo y no había transmisión vertical o perinatal. Conclusión: hubo baja ocurrencia de hepatitis B en mujeres embarazadas y ausencia de transmisión vertical o perinatal.

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000200018

14.

Surveillance of human retroviruses in blood samples from patients with hepatitis B and C in São Paulo, Brazil
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Caterino-de-Araujo, Adele

; Campos, Karoline Rodrigues

; Petrucci, Tamirez Villas Boas

; Silva, Rafael Xavier da

; Lemos, Marcílio Figueiredo

; Moreira, Regina Célia

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20190378

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION Human retroviruses and the hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) share routes of transmission; thus, coinfections occur and could alter subsequent disease outcomes. A preliminary study on human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) in serum samples from HBV- and HCV-infected individuals in São Paulo revealed 1.3% and 5.3% rates of coinfection, respectively. These percentages were of concern since they were detected in HTLV-endemic regions and in high-risk individuals in Brazil. The present study was conducted to extend and confirm these data. METHODS HTLV-1/2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status were identified in 1,984 sera for HBV and HCV viral load quantification - 1,290 samples from HBV-infected individuals (53.3% men, mean age: 47.1 years) and 694 samples from HCV-infected individuals (56.3% men, mean age: 50.1 years). HTLV-1/2 antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay, followed by western blotting and line immunoassay; HIV infection was detected by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS HTLV-1/-2 infection was detected in 1.9% HBV-infected individuals (0.7% HTLV-1 and 1.2% HTLV-2) and in 4.0% (2.4% HTLV-1 and 1.6% HTLV-2) HCV-infected individuals; HIV infection was detected in 9.2% and 14.5%, respectively. Strong associations with HTLV and HIV, male sex, and older age were found in HBV/HTLV and HCV/HTLV-coinfected individuals (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were confirmed to be prevalent in individuals with HBV and HCV in São Paulo; coinfected individuals deserve further clinical and laboratory investigation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0378-2019 1228 downloads

15.

Ocorrência de hepatite B em gestantes e seguimento de crianças expostas no estado de São Paulo, em 2012
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Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Holcman, Marcia Moreira

; Compri, Adriana Parise

; Silva, Célia Regina Cicolo da

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Moreira, Regina Célia

; Pinho, Maria Eunice Rebello

; Bersusa, Ana Aparecida Sanches

; Coelho, Débora Moraes

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Sato, Helena Keico

; Araujo, Núbia Virginia D’Avila Limeira de

; Caminada, Sirlene

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2020, Volume 29 N. 2 elocation e2019443

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000200018 1043 downloads

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