Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e motilidade embrionária sobre o desenvolvimento esquelético de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare). Os ovos foram incubados com 90% de umidade e empregou-se a temperatura de 29°C por 45 dias. Após, para a incubação do Grupo I a temperatura continuou em 29°C, mas associou-se à injeção de 4-aminopiridina (29°C-4AP, n = 15) aplicada nos dias 46, 47, 48 e 49, do Grupo II permaneceu em 29°C (n = 14) e do Grupo III elevou-se para 33°C (n = 14). A movimentação foi mensurada através do monitor digital Egg Buddy® nos dias 30, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias. Aos 60 dias, os embriões foram eutanasiados e coletadas amostras embrionárias. Na análise estatística não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o fator temperatura sobre a motilidade embrionária no desenvolvimento esquelético. Em contraste, a motilidade evidenciou diferença estatística no dia 49 para o Grupo I (P < 0,001) e apresentou maiores proporções de nariz e mão. Esses dados demonstraram pela primeira vez que o aumento na motilidade, induzidos farmacologicamente resultam em divergências fenotípicas na proporção de segmentos anatômicos durante a ontogenia pré-natal, podendo alterar efetivamente a adaptação dos animais em ambientes específicos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether skeletal development of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman yacare) is similarly influenced by temperature variation and controlled increases in embryo motility. All eggs were incubated at 90% humidity and 29 °C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29 °C and embryos were treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (Group I, 29 °C 4-AP, n = 15); maintained at 29 °C (n = 14; Group II); or at 33 °C (n = 14, Group III). Embryonic movement was measured using an Egg Buddy® digital monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were euthanized and samples were collected for analysis. No differences were observed between groups with varying incubation temperatures. In contrast, embryonic motility was greater in embryos treated with 4-AP (P < 0.001) on day 49, and this was associated with higher proportions of snout-vent and hand lengths. This study demonstrates for the first time that pharmacologically induced increases in embryo motility result in phenotypic changes to the proportion of elements during prenatal ontogeny, thereby effectively altering the adaptation of the species to specific environments.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es, en primer lugar, aclarar los factores que hacen que la experiencia brasileña sea de gran valor para el debate en la conferencia promovida por la Unesco; segundo, presentar y analizar las principales intervenciones realizadas por los participantes brasileños en la conferencia; y, tercero, hacer consideraciones sobre la calidad y qué pautas se pueden tomar de estas intervenciones brasileñas.

Abstract: This article aims, firstly, to elucidate the factors that make the Brazilian experience of great value for the debate at the UNESCO-promoted conference; secondly, to present and analyze the main interventions made by Brazilian participants in the conference; and, thirdly, to provide insights into the quality and guidelines that can be drawn from these Brazilian interventions.

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como finalidades, em primeiro lugar, elucidar os fatores que tornam a experiência brasileira de grande valia para o debate na conferência promovida pela Unesco; em segundo, apresentar e alisar as principais intervenções realizadas pelos participantes brasileiros na conferência; e, em terceiro, tecer considerações acerca da qualidade e de quais diretrizes podem ser retiradas destas intervenções brasileiras.

Capillary electromigration techniques can be understood as the ones used to separate neutral compounds, solvated ions and ionized species, considering the differentiated migration among them when an electrical field is applied within a capillary column filled with a background electrolyte. Several existing capillary electrophoresis setups provide the possibility of developing reliable quantitative assays of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, macromolecules, and more. Therefore, given the chemical complexity of bodily fluid matrices, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its variations present themselves as an advantageous strategy for enhancing traditional clinical diagnostic methods and for the development of new ones. The recent advances in the study of the human metabolome associated with technological improvements towards medical applications make CE a very useful and versatile technique for clinical laboratory assays. Within this context, this review has the purpose of presenting some traditional methods used for exams of blood, urine, saliva, feces, and sweat, and how CE can be implemented as a real alternative to enable faster, automated, and cost-effective analysis with a comprehensive perspective that shall result in better diagnostic possibilities for patients, being a powerful tool for helping physicians on the precision medicine achievements. compounds species electrolyte acids carbohydrates proteins hormones vitamins macromolecules more Therefore matrices (CE context blood urine saliva feces sweat faster automated costeffective cost effective patients achievements

ABSTRACT: Lettuce and arugula are the most cultivated leafy vegetables in hydroponic systems in the world, and the little information about Azospirillum brasilense effects in research in this system makes it necessary to verify the best method of inoculation of these bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the beneficial effects of inoculation methods of A. brasilense on plant growth and nutrition of lettuce and arugula grown in the hydroponic system. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with 30% shading. A randomized block design with five replicates in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme was used. Four A. brasilense inoculation methods (non-inoculated, foliar application, nutrient solution, and nutrient solution + foliar application) and two leafy vegetable species - arugula and lettuce - were evaluated. All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce. Inoculation via nutrient solution + foliar application of A. brasilense is the most suitable for hydroponic arugula cultivation because it provides greater fresh leaf yield. All inoculation methods increased leaf yield in hydroponic lettuce. Hydroponic arugula and lettuce plants showed greater accumulation of nutrients and plant growth with less nitrate accumulation in the shoot under inoculation with A. brasilense.

RESUMO A alface e a rúcula são as hortaliças folhosas mais cultivadas em sistemas hidropônicos no mundo, e as poucas informações sobre os efeitos do Azospirillum brasilense em pesquisas neste sistema torna-se necessário verificar o melhor método de inoculação dessas bactérias. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos benéficos de métodos de inoculação de A. brasilense em alface e rúcula no crescimento e nutrição das plantas em sistema hidropônico. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com 30% de sombreamento. Foi usado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 5 repetições em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, com quatro métodos de inoculação de A. brasilense (não inoculado, foliar, solução nutritiva e solução nutritiva + inoculação foliar) e o segundo fator foi a aplicação em rúcula e alface. Todos os métodos de inoculação melhoraram a altura da planta, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca da raiz, rendimento da planta, índice de clorofila foliar, acúmulo de nitrogênio, potássio, cálcio, enxofre, fósforo, ferro, manganês, cobre e redução do acúmulo de nitrato na parte aérea e raízes de rúcula e alface. A inoculação via solução nutriente + inoculação foliar de A. brasilense é a mais indicada para o cultivo hidropônico de rúcula, pois proporciona maior rendimento de folhas, e todos os métodos de inoculação foram capazes de aumentar o rendimento de folhas em alface hidropônica. Plantas hidropônicas de rúcula e alface apresentaram maior acúmulo de nutrientes e crescimento das plantas com menor acúmulo de nitrato na parte aérea sob inoculação com A. brasilense.

ABSTRACT An adequate N supply is essential for plant growth, and changing plant density increases nitrogen demand. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of top-dressing nitrogen fertilization on quality and yield of onions grown under three plant densities. The experiment was conducted from June to October, in Oratórios, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using the hybrid Superex. A randomized block experimental design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four replications. N rates (0, 60, 120, and 240 kg ha-1) were evaluated in the plots and plant densities (40 plants m-2 - one seedling per cell; 80 plants m-2 - two seedlings per cell; and 120 plants m-2 - three seedlings per cell) were evaluated in the subplots. The yield found for the treatment with 80 plants m-2 and 171 kg ha-1 of N was 51.28 Mg ha-1 of marketable bulbs, with approximately 75% class 3 and 17% class 4 bulbs. Bulb weight decreased with increasing plant density. Top-dressing nitrogen fertilization increases the quality and yield of onions, regardless of the plant density. The highest yield was found when using 80 plants m-2 and 240 kg ha-1 of N. A density of 80 plants m-2 (two seedlings per cell) and 171 kg ha-1 of N is recommended when intending to obtain class 3 and 4 bulbs.

RESUMO O suprimento adequado de N é essencial ao crescimento das plantas e a alteração na densidade de plantio pode aumentar a demanda por nitrogênio. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio na qualidade e na produtividade de cebola em três densidades de plantio a partir de uma, duas e três mudas por célula de bandeja. O experimento foi conduzido no período de junho a outubro de 2012 em Oratórios-MG, com o híbrido Superex. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados e m parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas avaliou-se doses de N (0, 60, 120 e 240 kg de N ha-1) e nas subparcelas a densidade de plantio: 40 plantas m-2 (uma muda por célula), 80 plantas m-2 (duas mudas por célula) e 120 plantas m-2 (três mudas por célula). Com 80 plantas m-2 e 171 kg ha-1 de N, a produtividade foi 51,28 Mg ha-1 de bulbos comercializáveis com cerca de 75% de bulbos na classe 3 e 17% de bulbos na classe 4. A massa de bulbos reduziu com o aumento da densidade de plantio. A a d u b ação com nitrogénio, em cobertura, aumenta a qualidade e o rendimento da cebola, independentemente da densidade das plantas. A maior produtividade foi observada com 80 plantas m-2 e 240 kg ha-1 de N. Recomenda-se a densidade de 80 plantas m-2 (duas mudas por célula) e 171 kg ha-1 de N para atender a preferência por bulbos das classes 3 e 4.

ABSTRACT The application of silicon (Si) represents one of the alternatives that can be used to mitigate the deleterious effects caused by salinity on plants in fertigated cultivation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water salinity, associated with the use of sodium silicate on the production parameters and nutrient levels in the leaf and stem of mini watermelon in a protected environment. To conduct the experiment, a randomized block design was adopted, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions, with six levels of irrigation water salinity (1.05; 2.12; 3.26; 4.41; 5.91 and 7.32 dS m-1) and two types of Si application: without Si and in foliar solution. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf and stem fresh and dry mass; biometric variables and total soluble solids content in the fruits; and nutrient contents in leaves and stem. The use of Si associated with fertigation with different salinity levels promoted a positive response for peel thickness, ºBrix, fresh and dry mass of leaves, and Si accumulation in leaves and stem. Salinity alone promoted an increase in pulp weight, ºBrix of the fruits and potassium content in the stem, besides increasing the manganese content and inhibiting the zinc content in the leaves. There was a significant interaction for the manganese content in the stem, with a positive response in the absence of foliar-applied Si and a negative response in the presence of foliar-applied Si under different levels of salinity.

RESUMO A aplicação de silício (Si) representa uma das alternativas que podem ser utilizadas para mitigar os efeitos deletérios às plantas pela salinidade em cultivo fertirrigado. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água, associado ao uso de silicato de sódio sobre os parâmetros produtivos e os teores de nutrientes na folha e no caule da mini melancia em ambiente protegido. Para condução do experimento adotou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com 4 repetições, sendo seis níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (1,05; 2,12; 3,26; 4,41; 5,91 e 7,32 dS m-1) e dois tipos de aplicações de silício: sem silício e aplicação em solução via foliar. Foram avaliados: a altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, peso da matéria fresca e seca de folhas e caule; variáveis biométricas e teor de sólidos solúveis totais nos frutos; e teor de nutrientes nas folhas e caule. O uso do silício associado a fertirrigação com diferentes níveis de salinidade proporcionaram resposta positiva para espessura de casca, ºBrix, massa fresca e seca de folhas e, acúmulo de silício nas folhas e caule. A salinidade isolada proporcionou aumento para peso de polpa, ºBrix dos frutos e teor de potássio no caule e, incrementou o teor de manganês e inibiu teor de zinco nas folhas. Houve interação significativa para o teor de manganês no caule, com resposta positiva na ausência de silício foliar e negativa com aplicação foliar de silício sob diferentes níveis de salinidade.

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

Abstract This work describes the circulation over the continental slope and the São Paulo Plateau in the Santos Basin during the SANSED winter 2019 survey. The cruise consisted of four legs in the period between June, 11 and August, 03 2019. The observed circulation is dominated by the Atlantic southwestern boundary current regime and remotely-generated anticyclones and cyclones. The former is composed by the Brazil Current, the Intermediate Western Boundary Current and their mesoscale meanders; the latter are 300km vortical rings with origin in the eastern side of the South Atlantic Basin. A Lagrangian scheme applied over satellite altimeter maps indicate that the origin of these rings is primarily the Cape Basin of South Africa. The interaction between the boundary currents, their cyclonic meanders, and the anticyclonic rings is complex, and varies widely. During the SANSED winter 2019 survey period, three anticyclones interacted with the Brazil Current, instabilizing it, forming dipoles with the current cyclonic meanders, leading to their downstream propagation. Ancienter cyclonic eddies within Santos Basin may interfere with the propagation of the large anticyclones further south. In addition, the continuous arrival of remotely-originated anticyclones, the larger portion over the São Paulo Plateau presented a tendency of counter-clockwise circulation during the whole cruise period.

This study aimed to evaluate the responses in performance, egg quality, and health of internal organs of laying hens of Hisex White lineage. The birds were provided with diets supplemented with organic minerals (OM) + tributyrin, associated or not with a mixture of organic acids (benzoic formic, citric, and phosphoric), compared to a control treatment containing zinc bacitracin (28 ppm). In total, 160 laying hens of the commercial Hisex White lineage of 68 w and an average weight of 1.735 ± 0.025 kg were distributed in 40 experimental plots. The study employed a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications/treatment. The experimental period was divided into seven production cycles of 21 days, totalling 147 experimental days. The variables analysed were egg production and loss, feed intake, mean egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, and internal and external quality variables of eggs. At the end of the experimental period, the final weight of the birds was measured to evaluate the relative weight of liver and kidneys. No significant effect of the treatments on the productive performance and internal and external quality of the eggs was evident. The association of organic minerals with a mixture of organic acids and tributyrin did not influence the productive performance and internal and external quality of the shell of Hisex White laying hens in the period from 68 to 89 weeks of age.

Resumen: En los últimos años el interés por el mantenimiento de la salud de los árboles de la ciudad ha ido incrementando para mejorar su sobrevivencia, así como para minimizar reclamaciones por posibles accidentes. Las enfermedades y las plagas, la polución y la aceleración del cambio climático junto con la poca diversidad genética de los árboles en zonas urbanas son algunos de los factores que contribuyen a aumentar la probabilidad de muerte y/o falla de árboles en las ciudades. Este trabajo es parte de una evaluación sanitaria y de riesgo de plátanos (Platanus x acerifolia) ubicados en veredas, realizada entre 2019 y 2020. Se seleccionó una muestra al azar de 10 manzanas con 193 plátanos. En estos, se registró la presencia de cancros, coloraciones anormales de corteza, deformaciones y una serie de variables estructurales indicadoras de probabilidad de falla. Se calculó la proporción de individuos con cada síntoma y el índice medio de severidad (IMS) como un promedio ponderado de los diferentes niveles de severidad (SEV) en el total de las plantas evaluadas. Los índices de severidad se determinaron en función de la circunferencia del tronco o las ramas y de los tercios afectados del árbol (1.er, 2.do y 3.er tercio desde la base). Las deformaciones presentaron los valores máximos de incidencia (0,6), de IMS (1,68) y correlación con la presencia de heridas y daños antrópicos. La presencia de cancros y corteza rojiza fueron los síntomas que más afectaron la densidad de las copas.

Abstract: In the last few years, the interest in keeping the city trees healthy has increased in order to improve their survival and minimize claims due to potential accidents. The pest and diseases, the pollution, and the climate change together with the little genetic diversity of trees in urban areas are some of the factors that contribute to increase the likelihood of death and/or failure of trees in the cities. This work is part of a sanitary and risk of failure assessment of plane street trees (Platanus x acerifolia) carried out between 2019 and 2020. A random sample of 10 city blocks and their 193 plane trees was selected. In these, the presence of cankers, abnormal bark colorations, deformations, and a series of structural attributes that determine likelihood of failure variables were registered. The proportion of individuals with each symptom and the severity main index (SMI) were calculated as a weighted average of the different severity (SEV) levels in the total of evaluated plants. The severity indices were determined according to trunk or branches circumference and the portion of the tree affected (1st, 2nd or 3rd portion from the base). Deformations presented the main incidence (0.6), SMI (1.68) and a correlation with the presence of damages and human injuries. The presence of cankers and reddish bark were the symptoms that most affected the density of the crowns.

Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem aumentado o interesse na manutenção da arborização urbana a fim de melhorar sua sobrevivência e minimizar reclamações devido a potenciais acidentes. Pragas e doenças, poluição, y mudanças climáticas junto com a pouca diversidade genética das árvores em áreas urbanas são alguns dos fatores que contribuem para aumentar a probabilidade de morte e ou falha de árvores nas cidades. Este trabalho faz parte de uma avaliação sanitária e de risco de falha de plátanos localizados em calçadas (Platanus x acerifolia), realizada entre 2019 e 2020. Foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória de 10 quarteirões e seus 193 plátanos. Para cada indivíduo, foi registrada a presença de cancros, colorações anormais da casca, deformações e também uma série de atributos estruturais indicadores de probabilidade de falha. Calculou-se a proporção de indivíduos com cada sintoma e o índice principal de severidade (SMI) como média ponderada dos diferentes níveis de severidade (SEV), no total de plantas avaliadas. Os índices de severidade foram determinados de acordo com a circunferência do tronco ou galhos e a porção da árvore afetada (1ª, 2ª ou 3ª porção da base). As deformações apresentaram os valores máximos de incidência (0,6), SMI (1,68) e correlação com presença de danos e lesões humanas. A presença de cancro e casca avermelhada foram os sintomas que mais afetaram a densidade das copas.

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of pH and temperature on the thermal resistance of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris endospores in different fruit juices. A polynomial equation was used to describe the pH x temperature impact on the D-values of endospores. Endospore resistance was influenced by fruit juice matrices. Maximum heat resistance was found in passion fruit juice (D value 24.7±2.8 min, 90 ºC, pH 4.5) and the greatest thermal destruction was observed in papaya juice (D value 1.7±2.8 min, 95 °C, pH 2.5). Regardless of the fruit juice, endospore thermal destruction was more effective at 95 °C. In both temperatures analyzed, the effect of pH on the reduction of heat resistance was more pronounced in papaya juice. According to the mathematical models, the interaction pH x temperature had the greatest impact on endospores thermal reduction. These results emphasize the relevance of time⁄temperature binomials to prevent spoilage by A. acidoterrestris in thermal treated fruit juices.

Abstract This study describes the hydrography and water masses of the Santos Basin Continental Shelf (SBCS) during two hydrographic campaigns (SANAGU, SANSED) in 2019. Coastal Water (CW) is the dominant water mass in the southern portion of the SBCS, with relatively low salinity values (S<35.5 g kg–1), and satellite data show that local precipitation and river discharge could not account for the low salinity observed during the cruises in the southern region of the domain. The low salinity observed is explained by the transport from the south influenced by Subtropical Shelf Water (STSW), which was influenced by the La Plata River discharge. In the northern region of the SBCS, the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) dominates the bottom layers of the water column, with the wind playing a major role in the uplift of this water mass, as evidenced by a wind impulse analysis. In this part of the shelf, Tropical Water (TW) was the second water mass in volume and occupied the surface layers and offshore the shelf. CW is restricted to a thin surface layer, which reaches distances of a few kilometers from the coast. Our analysis show the differences in the hydrographic structure of the SBCS and suggests that the SBCS can be divided in two regions with distinct characteristics: 1) the area southwest of São Sebastião, where the hydrographic parameters were modulated by the presence of the Subtropical Shelf Water (STSW); 2) the area northeast of São Sebastião, where the uplifting of SACW was the dominant process.