Abstract Purpose To determine by histomorphometric analysis whether CO2 pneumoperitoneum interferes with collagen deposition in surgical wounds in the aponeurosis of rats. Methods This experiment involved 80 male Wistar rats, randomly allocated into four groups according to pneumoperitoneum period (PRE: 30 min preoperatively; POST: 30 min postoperatively; PP: 30 min pre- and postoperatively; C: control group). CO2 pneumoperitoneum was insufflated to 5 mmHg of pressure. A laparotomy was performed; 1 cm of the left colon was then resected, and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed to simulate surgical trauma, after which the abdominal wall was closed. On postoperative days 7 or 14, a sample of the abdominal wall was collected, stained with picrosirius red and observed under polarized light in an optical microscope. The amount of collagen was estimated by computerized histomorphometric analysis. Results There were no significant differences in collagen deposition between the control and experimental groups on postoperative days 7 (p=0.720) or 14 (p=0.933). The amount of collagen increased as expected in all groups between postoperative days 7 and 14 (p=0.0003). Conclusion At 5 mmHg, CO2 pneumoperitoneum does not interfere with collagen deposition in abdominal wall surgical wounds in rats.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and the thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins. Eleven composite resin samples were prepared to evaluate the DC, Vickers microhardness (VMH), mass and residue/particle loss, glass transition temperature (Tg), enthalpy, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microdurometer analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dilatometry (DIL). The data were subjected to statistical analysis, with a significance level of 95%. DC and VMH were not influenced by the polymerized side of the sample, and statistical differences were recorded only among the materials. Decomposition temperature, melting, and mass and residue loss were dependent on the material and on the evaluation condition (polymerized and non-polymerized). Tg values were similar between the composites, without statistically significant difference, and CTE ranged from 10.5 to 37.1 (10-6/°C), with no statistical difference between the materials. There was a moderate negative correlation between CTE and the % of load particles, by weight. Most resins had a DC above that which is reported in the literature. TGA, Tg, and CTE analyses showed the thermal behavior of the evaluated composites, providing data for future research, assisting with the choice of material for direct or semidirect restorations, and helping choose the appropriate temperature for increasing the DC of such materials.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on healing of colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were allocated into two groups. Animals in the alcohol (A) were given 2 mL of ethanol diluted in 0.9% saline solution to a concentration of 40% by gavage immediately before anesthesia, whereas control (C) animals received 2 mL of 0.9% saline solution via the same route. A colonic anastomosis was then performed in all animals. On postoperative days 1, 3, and 7, anastomotic breaking strength was assessed and histopathological examination was performed. Change in body weight and mortality were also evaluated. RESULTS: The median of anastomotic tensile strength on the postoperative day 1 was 0.09 Newtons for group A and 0.13 for group C. (p>0.05). The median of anastomotic tensile strength on the postoperative day 3 was 0.13 Newtons for group A and 0.17 for group C. (p>0.05). The median of anastomotic tensile strength on the postoperative day 7 was 0.30 Newtons for group A and 0.35 for group C. (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups A and C, in the first, third or seventh POD (p>0.05), in any of the analyzed parameters. There were no statistical differences between groups in the weight. Three animals died, all from the group A. CONCLUSION: Acute alcohol intoxication did not interfere with wound healing of colonic anastomoses, although it caused early postoperative mortality.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pneumoperitoneum on colonic anastomosis healing. METHODS: Colonic anastomosis was performed in 120 rats divided into four groups: Group I - pneumoperitoneum before laparotomy, Group II - pneumoperitoneum after laparorrhaphy, Group III - pneumoperitoneum before laparotomy and after laparorrhaphy, Group IV - no pneumoperitoneum (control group). Pneumoperitoneum pressure was 5 mmHg. Animals were killed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th postoperative day. Hhistopathological features, anastomosis breaking strength, collagen histomorphometry and hydroxyproline concentration were assessed. RESULTS: Breaking strength between groups: (day 3, p=0.165; day 7, p=0.219; day 14, p=0.539). Histopathology revealed that group II had, on day 7, less infiltration of mononuclear cells (p=0.006), greater infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (p=0.001) and greater necrosis (p=0.001); and on day 14, less fibrosis. Histomorphometry revealed a decrease in collagen in groups I and III (p<0.001) on day 7 and an increase in groups I and II on day 14 (p<0.001). Hydroxyproline concentration was similar for groups on days 3 (p=0.152), 7 (p=0.913) or 14 (p=0.981). CONCLUSION: Carbon dioxide does not impair the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do uso de drogas prócinéticas na cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos submetidos à colectomia segmentar e anastomose no cólon esquerdo. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 60 ratos, alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos para receberem as seguintes medicações no período pós-operatório: M (metoclopramida); B (bromoprida) e C (solução salina a 0,9%). Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram idênticos em todos os animais. Foi realizada laparotomia mediana, seguida de colectomia segmentar de 1-cm e anastomose colônica. O fechamento da parede abdominal foi feito em dois planos de sutura contínua. No 3° ou no 7° dia pós-operatório foram coletadas amostras da parede abdominal para medida da força de ruptura e avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no que diz respeito à força de ruptura da parede abdominal, nem entre os subgrupos no 3º e 7º dia após a cirurgia. À análise histopatológica não houve alterações na deposição de colágeno ou na quantidade de fibroblastos no sítio da cicatriz. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de drogas prócinéticas, metoclopramida ou de bromoprida, não interferiu na cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos submetidos à colectomia segmentar e anastomose no cólon esquerdo.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of prokinetic agents on abdominal wall wound healing in rats submitted to segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly allocated into three groups according to the agents they would receive in the postoperative period: M (metoclopramide); B (bromopride); and C (control, saline 0.9%). Surgical procedures were performed identically in all animals, and consisted of a midline laparotomy followed by resection of a 1-cm segment of large bowel with end-to-end anastomosis. The abdominal wall was closed in two layers with running stitches. Abdominal wall samples were collected on the 3rd or 7th postoperative day for measurement of breaking (tensile) strength and histopathological assessment. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in tensile strength of the abdominal wall scar between groups M, B, and C, nor between the three and seven days after surgery subgroups. On histopathological assessment, there were no statistically significant between-group differences in collagen deposition or number of fibroblasts at the wound site CONCLUSION: Use of the prokinetic drugs metoclopramide or bromopride had no effect on abdominal wall healing in rats submitted to segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da bromoprida sobre a cicatrização de anastomoses de cólon esquerdo de ratos na presença de sepse abdominal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos distribuídos em grupos contendo 20 animais para administração de bromoprida ou salina. Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo dez animais, para eutanásia no terceiro ou no sétimo dia de pós-operatório. A indução da sepse foi realizada pelo método de ligadura e punção do ceco. Foi realizada ressecção de um segmento do cólon esquerdo e anastomose término-terminal. À re-laparotomia, foi avaliada a quantidade total de aderências e removido um segmento colônico contendo a anastomose para análise histopatológica, força de ruptura, concentração de hidroxiprolina e histomorfometria do colágeno. RESULTADOS: No 3° DPO, as anastomoses dos animais tratados com bromoprida apresentaram menor força de ruptura (p=0,02) e maior redução da concentração de hidroxiprolina (p=0,04) que os animais controle. Não houve diferença estatística quanto a estes parâmetros no 7° DPO. O conteúdo de colágeno foi semelhante entre os subgrupos. CONCLUSÃO: Na presença de sepse abdominal, o uso da bromoprida esteve associado à diminuição da força de ruptura e da concentração de hidroxiprolina das anastomoses do cólon esquerdo de ratos no 3° DPO.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of bromopride on the healing of left colonic anastomoses in rats with induced abdominal sepsis. METHODS: Forty rats were divided into two groups to receive either bromopride (experimental group- E) or saline (control group- C). Each group was divided into subgroups of ten animals each to be euthanized on third (E3 and C3) or seventh day (E7 and C7) after surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The rats underwent segmental left colon resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Adhesion formation, tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentration were assessed. Histomorphometry of collagen and histopathological analysis were also performed. RESULTS: On postoperative third day, anastomoses in bromopride-treated animals showed lower tensile strength (p=0.02) and greater reduction in hydroxyproline concentration (p=0.04) than in control animals. There was no statistical difference in these parameters on seventh day, and the remaining parameters were similar across subgroups. Collagen content was also similar across subgroups. CONCLUSION: In the presence of abdominal sepsis, the administration of bromopride was associated with decreased tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentration in left colonic anastomoses in rats three days after surgery.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do pneumoperitônio com dióxido de carbono na cicatrização da ferida operatória na parede abdominal de ratos. MÉTODOS: Oitenta ratos foram submetidos à laparotomia, ressecção de segmento do cólon esquerdo e anastomose. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de 20 ratos, três experimentais e um controle: Grupo EI = pneumoperitônio por 30 minutos antes da laparotomia. Grupo EII = pneumoperitônio por 30 minutos após a laparorrafia. Grupo EIII = pneumoperitônio por 30 minutos antes da laparotomia e 30 após a laparorrafia. Grupo C = controle, sem pneumoperitônio. Realizou-se, em cada grupo, a eutanásia de 10 animais no 7° e no 14° dia pós-operatório. Um segmento da parede abdominal foi ressecado e submetido à medida da resistência. Outro segmento muscular abdominal foi destinado à análise histopatológica, as peças foram fixadas em formol e as lâminas coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença, à histopatologia e na força de ruptura, entre os animais dos grupos experimentais e do controle no 7° ou 14° dia pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, o pneumoperitônio com dióxido de carbono não interferiu na cicatrização da parede abdominal.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on abdominal wall wound healing in rats. METHODS: Eighty rats underwent laparotomy, segmental left colon resection, and anastomosis. The animals were divided into three experimental groups and one control group: EI = pneumoperitoneum for 30 minutes before laparotomy (n=20); EII = pneumoperitoneum for 30 minutes after abdominal closure (n=20); EIII = pneumoperitoneum for 30 minutes before laparotomy and 30 minutes after abdominal closure (n=20); C = control group, without pneumoperitoneum (n=20). In each group, 10 animals were killed 7 days and 10 animals 14 days postoperatively. A segment of the abdominal wall was resected and subjected to tensile strength testing. Another segment of abdominal muscle was used for histopathological analysis; the specimens were fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: There were no differences in histopathology and tensile strength values among animals in the experimental and control groups 7 or 14 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: Under the present experimental conditions, carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum did not interfere with abdominal wall wound healing.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da bromoprida, na cicatrização da ferida operatória da parede abdominal de ratos com sepse peritoneal experimentalmente induzida e submetidos a ressecção segmentar e anastomose de cólon esquerdo. MÉTODOS: 40 ratos distribuídos em dois grupos contendo 20 animais, para administração de bromoprida (grupo bromoprida- B) ou solução de NaCl 0,9% (grupo controle - C). Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo 10 animais, para eutanásia no terceiro (GB3 e GC3) ou sétimo dia (GB7 e GE7) de pós-operatório. Os ratos foram submetidos à secção do cólon esquerdo e anastomose término-terminal. No dia da eutanásia foram avaliadas as características cirúrgicas da cavidade abdominal e clínicas dos ratos. Foram coletados segmentos da parede para a avaliação histopatológica e de resistência tênsil da ferida operatória. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os pesos dos ratos e resistência tênsil da ferida operatória nos dois grupos. Em relação a análise histopatológica, o grupo GB7 apresentou menos edema e menos fibrina que o grupo GC7. Não houve outras diferenças. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de bromoprida não resultou em distúrbios ou retardo da cicatrização no grupo de ratos submetidos à laparotomia e anastomose término-terminal em condições de sepse peritoneal.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of bromopride on abdominal wall healing of rats with induced peritoneal sepsis after segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Forty rats underwent sectioning of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis and were divided into two groups of 20 animals for the administration of bromopride (bromopride group - B) or saline solution (control group - C). Each group was divided into subgroups of 10 animals each to be killed on the third (GB3 and GC3) or seventh postoperative day (GB7 and GC7). It was analyzed the following characteristics: breaking strength of the abdominal wall's wound; surgical and histopathological features of the abdominal wall; and clinical features of the rats. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in relation to the weight of the rats and the breaking strength of the abdominal wall's wound. The GB7 group presented less edema and less quantity of fibrin during histopathological evaluation compared to the GC7 group. CONCLUSION: Bromopride did not have harmful effects on the healing of abdominal wall in rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do aumento de pressão intraperitonial causada pelo pneumoperitônio com dióxido de carbono na morfologia renal e hepática de ratos submetidos à colectomia segmentar a anastomose colônica. MÉTODOS: 54 ratos machos da linhagem Winstar, que, após serem anestesiados, foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos (P, PP e C): P - 18 animais submetidos a pneumoperitônio por 30 minutos imediatamente antes da laparotomia PP - 18 animais submetidos a pneumoperitônio por 60 minutos, 30 imediatamente antes da laparotomia e 30 após a laparorrafia ; C - (grupo controle) - 18 animais submetidos à laparotomia sem o uso de pneumoperitônio. Os animais foram mortos no terceiro e sétimo dia pós-operatório, quando ocorreu a coleta do rim e parte do fígado. As peças foram coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina e Von Kossa e analisadas por um patologista que desconhecia os grupos. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas alterações nas estruturas renais. Nas amostras hepáticas foram observados achados histológicos como a degeneração hidrópica no grupo de animais mortos no sétimo DPO (p= 0,029). CONCLUSÃO: O pneumoperitônio com dióxido de carbono não afetou a morfologia renal e causou a degeneração hidrópica no fígado dos animais mortos no 7º dia pós-operatório.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of increased intraperitoneal pressure caused by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the hepatic and renal morphology of rats. METHODS: Fifty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups (P, PP and C) after anesthesia: P - in 18 animals, pneumoperitoneum was established for 30 minutes immediately before laparotomy; PP - in 18 animals, pneumoperitoneum was established for 60 minutes divided into 30 immediately before laparotomy and 30 after abdominal closure; control group (C) - 18 animals underwent laparotomy without pneumoperitoneum induction. The pneumoperitoneum was maintained at a pressure of 5 mm Hg. Nine animals in each group were killed on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days, when kidney and liver samples were collected for morphological analysis. The liver specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and the kidney specimens, with HE and von Kossa. Blinded examiners analyzed the slides. RESULTS: No changes in renal morphology were found. Liver samples showed histological signs of degeneration in animals in the pneumoperitoneum groups killed on the 7th postoperative day (p=0.029). CONCLUSION: The CO2 pneumoperitoneum did not affect renal morphology but caused hydropic degeneration in the liver of animals killed on the 7th postoperative day.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da sepse no processo de cicatrização de feridas na parede abdominal. MÉTODOS: 40 ratos divididos em dois grupos de vinte animais: grupo de estudo (E) - séptico, e grupo controle (C) - não séptico. Os dois grupos foram divididos em subgrupos de 10 sendo os animais mortos no terceiro (n = 10) ou sétimo dia (n = 10) pós-operatório. A sepse foi induzida por ligadura e punção do ceco. Foi realizada também a secção e anastomose em cólon esquerdo. A síntese da parede abdominal foi feita com fio de seda 3-0. No dia da re-laparotomia, a parede abdominal foi retirado para análise da força de ruptura e análise histopatológica. RESULTADOS: A força média de ruptura foi: no terceiro dia, grupo E (1,44 ± 1,22) e grupo C (0,35 ± 0,46); no sétimo dia, grupo E (13,01 ± 7,09) e grupo C (11,66 ± 7,38). Houve diferença estatística na resistência à tração do grupo E do terceiro dia quando comparado ao grupo controle (p = 0,019). CONCLUSÃO: A indução de sepse peritoneal reduziu a resistência à ruptura da parede abdominal no terceiro dia após a cirurgia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of sepsis in the process of wound healing in the abdominal wall. METHODS: 40 rats divided into two groups of twenty animals: group of study (E) - septic, and the control group (C) - not septic. The two groups were divided into subgroups of 10 to be killed on the third day (n = 10) or seventh (n = 10) postoperative. Sepsis was induced by ligation and puncture of the cecum. We performed also the section and anastomosis in left colon. The synthesis of the abdominal wall was made with 3-0 silk thread. On the day of re-laparotomy, the abdominal wall was removed for analysis of the breaking strength and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: The mean breaking strength was at third day: E group (1.44 ± 1.22) and C group (0.35 ± 0.46). At seventh day the mean breaking strength was: E group (13.01 ± 7.09) and C group (11.66 ± 7.38). There was statistical difference in tensile strength. E group at third day with control group (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: The induction of peritoneal sepsis reduced the breaking strength of the abdominal wall on the third day after surgery.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da metoclopramide na cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos na vigência de sepse. METHODS: 40 ratos divididos em dois grupos de 20 animais, subdivididos em dois subgrupos de 10 animais cada: grupo (E) - tratado com metoclopramida, e o grupo controle tratado com solução fisiologica. Os dois grupos foram divididos em subgrupos de de 10 para serem mortos no dia 3 (n = 10) ou o dia 7 (n = 10) após a cirurgia. A sepse foi induzida por ligadura e perfuração cecal. Foi realizada também a secção e anastomose em cólon esquerdo. A síntese da parede abdominal foi feita com fio de seda 3-0. Mediu-se a força de ruptura da parede abdominal e foi feita uma avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: No dia 3 pós-operatório, a força média de ruptura no grupo E foi de 0,83 ± 0,66 e no grupo C foi de 0,35 ± 0,46 (p = 0,010). No sétimo dia, a força de ruptura no grupo E foi 11.44 ± 5,07; no grupo C, 11,66 ± 7,38 (p = 1,000). O grupo E7 apresentou menor infiltração inflamatória e reação de corpo estranho do que o controle de fibrina. CONCLUSÃO: Animais tratados com metoclopramida apresentaram uma maior resistência da parede abdominal no 3º dia pós-operatório.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on abdominal wall healing in rats in the presence of sepsis. METHODS: 40 rats divided into two groups of twenty animals, subdivided into two subgroups of 10 animals each: group (E) - treated with metoclopramide, and saline-treated control group. The two groups were divided into subgroups of 10 to be killed on the 3rd day (n = 10) or day 7 (n = 10) after surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. We performed also the section and anastomosis in left colon. The synthesis of the abdominal wall was made with 3-0 silk thread. We measured the breaking strength of the abdominal wall and made the histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: on 3rd day postoperative, the average breaking strength in the E group was 0.83 ± 0.66 and in group C was 0.35 ± 0.46 (p = 0.010). On the seventh day, the breaking strength in group E was11.44 ± 5.07, in group C 11.66 ± 7.38 (p = 1.000). The E7 group showed lower inflammatory infiltration, foreign body reaction, fibrin than control. CONCLUSION: animals treated with metoclopramide had a higher resistance of the abdominal wall on the 3rd postoperative day.

A atividade antifúngica de extratos etanólicos de folhas de Hyptis ovalifolia, H. suaveolens, H. saxatilis, Hyptidendrum canum, Eugenia uniflora, E. dysenterica, Caryocar brasiliensis e Lafoensia pacari sobre isolados de dermatófitos foi verificada. Os extratos mais ativos foram os de H. ovalifolia e E. uniflora, enquanto que Trichophyton rubrum foi o dermatófito mais sensível a ação das plantas. Estes dados demonstram as propriedades antifúngicas de plantas do Cerrado em ensaios in vitro.

Ethanolic extracts from leaves of Hyptis ovalifolia, H. suaveolens, H. saxatilis, Hyptidendrum canum, Eugenia uniflora, E. dysenterica, Caryocar brasiliensis and Lafoensia pacari were investigated for their antifungal activity against dermatophytes. The most effective plants were H. ovalifolia and E. uniflora, while Trichophyton rubrum was the most sensitive among the four dermatophytes species evaluated. This study has demonstrated antifungal properties of Brazilian Cerrado plant extracts in "in vitro" assays.