ABSTRACT The changes brought about by globalization mean that young people are increasingly prepared not only intellectually, but also financially. From the point of view of financial education, its importance for the development of the quality of life of young people in higher education is described. The main objective of the research is to describe the results of researches that were conducted on financial education in young people of higher education taking into consideration researches published between the period of 2017-2022. The research corresponds to a documentary design. Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Alicia and Google Scholar were searched. Some research has related the type of university career, the level of indebtedness, technological gap or use of ICT, materialism and gender inequality. The study leads to the conclusion that the development of financial education is fundamental in the training of higher education students because it will allow them to have knowledge that can be related between theory and practice.

RESUMEN Los cambios por la globalización generan que los jóvenes estén cada vez más preparados no solo a nivel intelectual, sino también financiero. Desde el punto de vista de la educación financiera se describe su importancia para el desarrollo de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes de educación superior. El objetivo principal de la investigación es describir los resultados de las investigaciones que se realizaron sobre educación financiera en jóvenes de educación superior teniendo en consideración investigaciones publicadas entre el periodo de 2017-2022. La investigación corresponde a un diseño documental. Se realizaron búsquedas en Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Alicia y Google Académico. En algunas investigaciones se ha relacionado el tipo de carrera universitaria, el nivel de endeudamiento, brecha tecnológica o uso de las TIC, materialismo y desigualdad de género. El estudio permite concluir que, es fundamental el desarrollo de la educación financiera en la formación de los estudiantes de educación superior porque les permitirá tener conocimientos que puedan relacionar entre la teoría y la práctica.

This policy brief document utilised an original published study from three academic hospitals in South Africa (SA) and all relevant published literature to develop recommendations on several strategies, summarised by the acronym 'PRACTICE', to optimise antimicrobial prescribing practices. These include implementing standardised policies for empirical antimicrobial use, routine review of antimicrobial therapy, age-specific antimicrobial stewardship programmes and continued collaborative efforts and research. Individualised treatment plans, improved infection prevention and control measures, ongoing surveillance and exploring electronic technology for antimicrobial stewardship are also crucial in combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and improving patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as SA.

Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), commonly referred to as false codling moth, is an important pest of citrus in southern Africa. Given its quarantine status in markets to which a large portion of the fresh produce is exported, its management in citrus orchards is essential. This management typically follows a systems approach in which baculovirus-based biopesticides, such as Cryptogran™ (Betabaculovirus cryleucotreta), are considered an important component of pre-harvest control strategies. It has previously been demonstrated that adding molasses with Cryptogran™ improves field performance, further reducing the number of T. leucotreta infested fruit. However, the reason for this improvement was never determined. This study aimed to understand the role that molasses may have on the behaviour of T. leucotreta first instars under laboratory conditions, leading to this improved field efficacy, and to confirm conclusively if the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improved efficacy across a further six field trials. In the laboratory, larvae exposed to molasses-treated oranges at either a concentration of 0.25% or 0.50% moved around the surface of the oranges less and also penetrated the oranges less compared to larvae exposed to non-molasses-treated oranges. This suggested that molasses, as a phagostimulant, encouraged larval feeding quicker and longer. This will promote the uptake of the biopesticide infective units and is likely the reason for the recorded improved field efficacy of Cryptogran™ when combined with molasses across all six field trials compared to its application alone. These two sets of experiments confirm conclusively that the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improves its efficacy and should be standard practice in the industry.

The use of protective netting is becoming an increasingly popular practice in the citrus industry in South Africa. However, data on its effects on biotic factors, particularly insect pests, are limited. This study focused on the effect nets have on key citrus pests in the Eastern Cape province. Orchards under nets and open orchards, of similar cultivars, ages and management practices, were monitored at several sites over two seasons for pest infestation and damage. Weekly monitoring was conducted for Thaumatotibia leucotreta infestation. Other pests were monitored either monthly or once a season. During the first season, T. leucotreta infestation was higher in orchards under nets, probably because, unlike the open orchards, the nets provided protection for the existing high levels of T. leucotreta. No T. leucotreta infestation was recorded in both orchard types in 2019. This was due to generally lower than usual pest abundance and dramatically improved area-wide management of T. leucotreta. Pheromone traps were used to monitor T. leucotreta males, including sterile moths used in a sterile insect technique programme. Although higher catches of wild T. leucotreta moths were recorded in orchards under nets, so too were there higher numbers of sterile moths and a higher ratio of sterile to wild moths, indicating the potential for better pest suppression for orchards under nets. Various other key pests were monitored during this time, with variable results for each species. Pests that were elevated under nets include Planococcus citri and Aonidiella aurantii. Pests that seemed to be lower under nets were Ceratitis capitata and Scirtothrips aurantii. Nets had no effect on Empoasca distinguenda, Penthimiola bella and Eriophyes sheldoni. These differences in pest levels in netted and open orchards trigger an important debate on whether nets are beneficial for or detrimental to the successful implementation of an integrated pest management programme.

Abstract Background Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) of the appendix is a unique lesion that exhibits features of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Due to the rarity of this cancer, multiple grading (e.g., Tang, Yozu, and Lee) and staging systems (e.g., tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis [TNM]) have been developed for classification. This study aimed to compare commonly used classification systems and evaluate the prognostic effectiveness immunohistochemical staining may or may not have for appendiceal GCC. Methods An electronic medical records review of patients who were diagnosed with GCC of the appendix in our hospital system from 2010 to 2020. The data were collected regarding the age at diagnosis, gender, initial diagnosis at presentation, operation(s) performed, final pathology results, current survival status, and year of recurrent disease or death year. Results Ten patients were evaluated. Seventy percent of the patients were above the age of 50 years at diagnosis. Postdischarge survival ranged from 1 month to 109 months postdiagnosis. Two patients expired from GCC at 13- and 54-months following diagnosis. When comparing the classification systems, Lee categorized more patients as high risk than Tang and Yozu. Immunohistochemical staining was analyzed using four staining methods: Ki67, E-cadherin, Beta-catenin, and p53. Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging has supportive evidence for worsening prognosis and overall survival secondary to the depth of invasion of the tumor. Conclusion Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging may be superior to the other classification systems in predicting overall mortality. Our study demonstrated that immunohistochemistry staining does not appear to have a significant impact in determining the prognosis for GCC of the appendix. (GCC tumors cancer e.g., eg e g (e.g. Yozu tumor nodes TNM [TNM] 201 2020 gender presentation operations operation s operation(s performed results status evaluated 5 10 postdiagnosis 13 54months 54 methods Ki67 Ki Ecadherin, Ecadherin E cadherin, cadherin E-cadherin Betacatenin, Betacatenin Beta catenin, catenin Beta-catenin p53 p Tumor mortality e.g. (e.g [TNM 20 202 Ki6 p5 e.g 2

Abstract Background The HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) is a risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in RA patients. Our objective was to examine the real-world effectiveness of abatacept versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with RA who were SE and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP3) positive. Methods Abatacept or TNFi initiators who were SE + and anti-CCP3+ (> 20 U/mL) at or prior to treatment and had moderate or high CDAI score (> 10) at initiation were identified. The primary outcome was mean change in CDAI score over six months. Analyses were conducted in propensity score (PS)-trimmed and -matched populations overall and a biologic-experienced subgroup. Mixed-effects models were used. Results In the overall PS-trimmed (abatacept, n = 170; TNFi, n = 157) and PS-matched cohorts (abatacept, n = 111; TNFi, n = 111), there were numerically greater improvements in mean change in CDAI between abatacept and TNFi but were not statistically significant. Similar trends were seen for biologic-experienced patients, except that statistical significance was reached for mean change in CDAI in the PS-trimmed cohort (abatacept, 12.22 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 10.13 to 14.31]; TNFi, 9.28 [95%CI 7.08 to 11.48]; p = 0.045). Conclusion In this real world cohort, there were numerical improvements in efficacy outcomes with abatacept over TNFi in patients with RA who were SE + and ACPA+, similar to results from a clinical trial population The only statistically significant finding after adjusting for covariates was greater improvement in CDAI with abatacept versus TNFi in the bio-experienced PS-trimmed cohort. . HLADRB1 HLADRB HLA DRB1 DRB HLA-DRB (SE (RA anticitrullinated anti ACPAs (ACPAs realworld (TNFi anticyclic cyclic antiCCP3 antiCCP CCP3 CCP (anti-CCP3 positive antiCCP3+ CCP3+ anti-CCP3 > ( 2 U/mL UmL U mL 10 identified months PStrimmed PS trimmed matched biologicexperienced biologic experienced subgroup Mixedeffects Mixed effects used abatacept, (abatacept 170 157 PSmatched 111 111, , 111) 1222 12 22 12.2 95% 95 [95 95%CI 95CI CI (95%CI 1013 13 10.1 14.31 1431 14 31 14.31] 928 9 28 9.2 708 7 08 7.0 11.48 1148 11 48 11.48] 0.045. 0045 0.045 0 045 0.045) ACPA ACPA+ bioexperienced bio (anti-CCP anti-CCP 1 17 15 122 12. [9 101 10. 14.3 143 3 92 9. 70 7. 11.4 114 4 004 0.04 04 [ 14. 11. 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Esta série de casos descreve quatro casos de pacientes que apresentaram oclusões vasculares de retina e nervo óptico após a administração de tipos diferentes de vacinas contra COVID-19. O primeiro paciente tomou a vacina ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) e 42 dias depois desenvolveu oclusão da artéria central da retina. O segundo paciente teve défice visual indolor no olho esquerdo após 6 dias da vacina Sinovac (CoronaVac) e foi diagnosticado com neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior. O terceiro paciente apresentou o mesmo quadro após 22 dias da terceira dose da vacina COVID-19 Pfizer (Comirnaty®). O quarto paciente desenvolveu neurite óptica retrobulbar bilateral após vacina Oxford/AstraZeneca. O objetivo da nossa série de casos é discutir a possibilidade de correlação entre os quadros oculares isquêmicos e a vacinação contra a COVID-19. Nossos pacientes receberam vacinas contra COVID-19 com tecnologias diferentes e apresentaram quadros isquêmicos oculares relacionados temporalmente à vacinação. O acompanhamento e a avaliação a longo prazo de novos estudos semelhantes elucidarão o grau de associação entre a vacina e esse possível evento adverso. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 ChAdOx nCoV19 nCoV nCoV-1 AZD1222 AZD (AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca OxfordAstraZeneca Oxford AstraZeneca 4 CoronaVac (CoronaVac anterior 2 COVID-1 Comirnaty®. Comirnaty Comirnaty® . (Comirnaty®) adverso COVID1 1 nCoV1 nCoV- AZD122 (AZD122 COVID- (Comirnaty® AZD12 (AZD12 (Comirnaty AZD1 (AZD1 (AZD

ABSTRACT This case series describes four patients who presented with retinal and optic nerve vascular occlusions after administration of different COVID-19 vaccines. The first patient received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) and 42 days later developed central retinal artery occlusion. The second patient developed a painless visual impairment in the left eye and was diagnosed with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy 6 days after receiving the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine. The third patient presented with the same condition 22 days after receiving the third dose of the COVID-19 Pfizer (Comirnaty®) vaccine. The fourth patient developed bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis after receiving the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. The purpose of this case series is to discuss the possibility of a causal association between ischemic eye alterations and COVID-19 virus vaccination. Long-term follow-up and evaluation of similar cases will help elucidate the degree of the association between the vaccine and ischemic ocular events. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 vaccines ChAdOx nCoV19 nCoV nCoV-1 AZD1222 AZD (AZD1222 OxfordAstraZeneca Oxford AstraZeneca 4 occlusion SinovacCoronaVac Sinovac CoronaVac 2 Comirnaty® Comirnaty (Comirnaty® vaccination Longterm Long term followup follow up events COVID1 1 COVID- nCoV1 nCoV- AZD122 (AZD122 (Comirnaty AZD12 (AZD12 AZD1 (AZD1 (AZD

Delaminations and cracks are detrimental phenomena that hinder the quality of the final product in metal additive manufacturing. The effective use of other online monitoring systems that can detect these deformations and delaminations during the manufacturing process is currently being developed and implemented in practice. In this paper, gas-borne acoustic emission is used to show that cracks/delaminations that occur during the metal laser powder bed fusion build process can be detected and distinguished from other machine noise. The peaks in the amplitude of the signal emitted in the time domain could be used to indicate the occurrence of cracks during the build process. The frequency characteristics of the signal could also clearly indicate the occurrence of the macro cracks and differentiate between the signals from the cracks and the machine noise.

Delaminasies en krake is nadelige verskynsels wat die kwaliteit van die finale produk in die vervaardiging van metaal byvoeg vervaardiging belemmer. Die doeltreffende gebruik van ander aanlyn moniteringstelsels wat hierdie vervormings en delaminasies tydens die vervaardigingsproses kan opspoor, word tans ontwikkel en in die praktyk geïmplementeer. In hierdie artikel word gasgedraagde akoestiese emissie gebruik om te wys dat krake/delaminasies wat tydens die vervaardigingsproses voorkom, opgespoor en van ander masjiengeraas onderskei kan word. Die pieke in die amplitude van die sein wat in die tyddomein uitgestuur word, kan gebruik word om die voorkoms van krake tydens die bouproses aan te dui. Die frekwensie-eienskappe van die sein kan ook duidelik die voorkoms van die makrokrake aandui en onderskei tussen die seine van die krake en die masjiengeraas.

Resumo Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde, que trabalharam diretamente nos serviços voltados para o cuidado dos pacientes afetados pela doença, tornou-se questão fundamental a ser considerada, dado os diversos desdobramentos que essa atuação gerou para esses profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender desafios e demandas dos profissionais de saúde em termos de suporte para lidar com o desgaste emocional e físico com a atuação na chamada linha de frente durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A abordagem metodológica qualitativa se deu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em ambiente online com esses profissionais, passados os primeiros meses de pandemia. O lugar de herói em que eles foram colocados, ainda que apenas nos discursos midiáticos, logo deu espaço para que as fragilidades destes e das relações de trabalho aparecessem: estresse, medo e o desejo de escuta e acolhimento. A teoria da dádiva de Marcel Mauss foi trazida considerando que novas formas de leitura e interpretação das relações de trabalho em saúde contribuem para reformulações necessárias e urgentes do contexto em que se encontram hoje, visando a saúde mental e, mais amplamente, a saúde integral dos profissionais da área de saúde.

Abstract The mental health of health professionals who worked directly in services during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for patients affected by the disease became a fundamental issue to be considered, given the several consequences of this activity for these professionals. This article aimed to understand the challenges and demands of health professionals concerning support to address the emotional and physical exhaustion of working on the so-called frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative methodological approach was based on semi-structured interviews conducted online with these professionals after the first months of the pandemic. The hero’s place in which they were set, even if only in media discourses, soon gave way to their weaknesses and fragile work relationships to emerge: stress, fear, and the listening and reception desire. Marcel Mauss’ gift theory was brought up considering that new ways of reading and interpreting health work relationships contribute to necessary and urgent reformulations of their current context, targeting mental health and, more broadly, the comprehensive health of healthcare professionals.

Abstract The mental health of health professionals who worked directly in services during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for patients affected by the disease became a fundamental issue to be considered, given the several consequences of this activity for these professionals. This article aimed to understand the challenges and demands of health professionals concerning support to address the emotional and physical exhaustion of working on the so-called frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative methodological approach was based on semi-structured interviews conducted online with these professionals after the first months of the pandemic. The hero’s place in which they were set, even if only in media discourses, soon gave way to their weaknesses and fragile work relationships to emerge: stress, fear, and the listening and reception desire. Marcel Mauss’ gift theory was brought up considering that new ways of reading and interpreting health work relationships contribute to necessary and urgent reformulations of their current context, targeting mental health and, more broadly, the comprehensive health of healthcare professionals. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 considered socalled so called semistructured semi structured heros hero s set discourses emerge stress fear desire Mauss context broadly COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumo Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde, que trabalharam diretamente nos serviços voltados para o cuidado dos pacientes afetados pela doença, tornou-se questão fundamental a ser considerada, dado os diversos desdobramentos que essa atuação gerou para esses profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender desafios e demandas dos profissionais de saúde em termos de suporte para lidar com o desgaste emocional e físico com a atuação na chamada linha de frente durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A abordagem metodológica qualitativa se deu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em ambiente online com esses profissionais, passados os primeiros meses de pandemia. O lugar de herói em que eles foram colocados, ainda que apenas nos discursos midiáticos, logo deu espaço para que as fragilidades destes e das relações de trabalho aparecessem: estresse, medo e o desejo de escuta e acolhimento. A teoria da dádiva de Marcel Mauss foi trazida considerando que novas formas de leitura e interpretação das relações de trabalho em saúde contribuem para reformulações necessárias e urgentes do contexto em que se encontram hoje, visando a saúde mental e, mais amplamente, a saúde integral dos profissionais da área de saúde. COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 doença tornouse tornou considerada COVID19. 19. colocados midiáticos aparecessem estresse acolhimento hoje amplamente COVID1 1 COVID-1 COVID-

With water quality deteriorating rapidly at a global scale, river sections suited to serve as reference sites are being increasingly lost. It thus becomes critical to develop rapid methods to confirm that previously monitored sites continue meet the requirements of reliable reference sites. In the absence of pristine sites, 9 near-natural sites, as defined by the Kleynhans (1996) classification, were used as reference sites for the Luvuvhu River catchment to compare the quality of physico-chemical factors against a biological metric. Baetid mayfly community structure at a site was chosen as an index of water quality, since this family is common in all types of freshwaters, highly diverse and adapted to unpolluted running water. Baetid larvae were sampled monthly from stones-in-current biotopes across 9 sites for over 1 year, between December 2016 and January 2018. A Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between physico-chemical factors and identify redundant variables. Water quality standards were measured against the national water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystems. We used a generalized linear model to determine the effect of physico-chemical variables on baetid species, and canonical correspondence analysis to show the relationships between baetid species, sites, and physico-chemical variables. A total of 3 039 individuals belonging to 12 mayfly species were recorded. Our findings indicated that while the physico-chemical factors were highly variable, they were within favourable ranges to reflect reference site conditions. While water temperature was the most important driver of baetid community structure in general, as it negatively affected their abundances, a subset of species (Pseudoponnota sp., Pseudocloeon sp., Acanthiops varius and Demoulinia crassi) showed clear responses to changes in TDS and stream width. We conclude that specific baetid species show good potential as biological indicators of reference sites and chronic water temperature stress, making assessment of reference sites easier.

BACKGROUND. Staphylococcus aureus infection is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. There are relatively few studies describing invasive S. aureus infections in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES. To describe the clinical spectrum and outcomes associated with S. aureus infection in children <14 years of age hospitalised at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), South Africa, and to identify risk factors of invasive disease. METHODS. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at CHBAH to define the spectrum of clinical presentation, risk factors, duration of treatment and outcomes of paediatric S. aureus infections for the period January through December 2013. Data were sought for all children <14 years of age. RESULTS. Four hundred and twenty-two episodes of S. aureus infection were identified. Three hundred and forty-two (81%) infections were caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 80 (19%) by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Clinical data were obtained for 286 (67.8%) cases, on which all further analyses were based. Clinical presentations for MSSA bacteraemia included skin and soft tissue infection (45%), pneumonia (10%), meningitis (6%), bone/joint infections (5%) and urinary tract infections (3%). Five (8.3%) cases of MRSA were community-acquired. Admission to intensive care unit (ICU) was the only risk factor associated with MRSA infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 125.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.67 - 1 350.68). Hospital-acquired S. aureus infection was the only factor associated with mortality on multivariate analysis (aOR 8.70; 95% CI 1.55 - 48.77). CONCLUSION. S. aureus is frequently isolated in paediatric bacterial infections. Closer attention to infection control would impact on MRSA and S. aureus mortality rates in our setting.

Bronchiolitis, a common reason for infant hospitalisation in South Africa (SA), is caused by viral pathogens. Bronchiolitis is typically an illness of mild to moderate severity that occurs in well-nourished children. Hospitalised SA infants frequently have severe disease and/or coexisting medical conditions, and these cases of bronchiolitis may have bacterial co-infection that requires antibiotic therapy. However, the existence of widespread antimicrobial resistance in SA warrants the judicious use of antibiotics. This commentary describes: (i) common clinical pitfalls leading to an incorrect diagnosis of bronchopneumonia; and (ii) considerations for antibiotic therapy in hospitalised infants with bronchiolitis. If antibiotics are prescribed, the indication for their use should be clearly stated, and antibiotic therapy must be stopped promptly if investigations indicate that bacterial co-infection is unlikely. Until more robust data emerge, we recommend a pragmatic management strategy to inform antibiotic use in hospitalised SA infants with bronchiolitis in whom bacterial co-infection is suspected.

Systems for refining and handling foundries have evolved rapidly in recent years. However, the South African foundry industry has been contracting since 2007, when its annual output was at 660 400 tonnes. The objective of the current study was to investigate productivity improvement measures that would contribute in improving the productivity of Gauteng foundries. A quantitative cross-sectional survey research design was used for the study, and a purposive sampling technique was chosen to provide insight into the specific study. The quantitative data obtained from the study was analysed using several statistical tools. Exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation of 23 Likert-scale questions in the questionnaire was performed on data gathered from 143 participants. Factors with eigen values greater than 1 were retained using the Kaiser selection criterion. These factors were related to foundry management and leadership, labour, and machinery. Analysis of the reliability of the results indicated that Cronbach's alpha for all thirty productivity factors was 0.9472. This α > 0.70 indicated a good consistency in the selected items in the questionnaire. Based on the results, a proposed productivity framework was developed, contemplating the integration of lean thinking, manufacturing tools, and the Deming cycle, and providing a systematic and holistic approach to problem-solving through the application of the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle in the foundry industry.

Stelsels vir die raffinering en hantering van gieterye het die afgelope jare vinnig ontwikkel. Die Suid-Afrikaanse gieterybedryf krimp egter sedert 2007, toe sy jaarlikse produksie op 660 400 ton was. Die doel van die studie was om produktiwiteitsverbeteringsmaatreëls te ondersoek wat sal bydra tot die verbetering van die produktiwiteit van Gautengse gieterye. 'n Kwantitatiewe deursnee-opname navorsingsontwerp is vir die studie gebruik, en 'n doelgerigte steekproeftegniek is gekies om insig in die spesifieke studie te verskaf. Die kwantitatiewe data wat uit die studie verkry is, is ontleed met behulp van statistiese hulpmiddels. Verkennende faktoranalise met Varimax-rotasie van 23 Likert-skaalvrae in die vraelys is uitgevoer op data wat van 143 deelnemers ingesamel is. Faktore met eigen waardes groter as 1 is behou deur die Kaiser-seleksiekriterium te gebruik. Hierdie faktore was verwant aan gieterybestuur en leierskap, arbeid en masjinerie. Ontleding van die betroubaarheid van die resultate het aangedui dat Cronbach se alfa vir al dertig produktiwiteitsfaktore 0,9472 was. Hierdie α > 0.70 het 'n goeie konsekwentheid in die geselekteerde items in die vraelys aangedui. Gebaseer op die resultate, is 'n voorgestelde produktiwiteitsraamwerk ontwikkel wat die integrasie van lenige denke, vervaardigingsgereedskap en die Deming-siklus oorweeg, en 'n sistematiese en holistiese benadering tot probleemoplossing verskaf deur die toepassing van die plan-doen-kontroleer-reageer (PDCA) siklus in die gieterybedryf.

Resumo: Objetiva-se desvelar os motivos para hesitação vacinal de pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes para prevenção da COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que busca analisar as respostas da pergunta aberta “por que você não vai vacinar, não vacinou ou está na dúvida em vacinar as crianças e os adolescentes sob sua responsabilidade para prevenção da COVID-19?”. A pesquisa incluiu indivíduos adultos, brasileiros, residentes no país, responsáveis por crianças e adolescentes menores de 18 anos. A coleta de dados aconteceu de forma eletrônica entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2021. As respostas foram organizadas e processadas com suporte do software Iramuteq. O corpus textual desta pesquisa foi composto pela resposta de 1.896 participantes, constituído por 87% de hesitantes (1.650) e 13% (246) de pais que têm intenção de vacinar, mas que esboçaram algumas dúvidas e considerações a respeito da vacinação de crianças e adolescentes. São motivos pelos quais pais e/ou responsáveis não vacinaram ou estão na dúvida em vacinar as crianças e os adolescentes sob sua responsabilidade para prevenção da COVID-19: receio em razão de a vacina estar em fase experimental e medo das reações adversas e dos efeitos a longo prazo. Já os motivos para ausência de intenção de vacinar decorrem dos entendimentos dos participantes de que a COVID-19 em crianças não é grave, os riscos da vacinação são maiores do que os benefícios e o direito de escolha em não vacinar.

Resumen: El objetivo es revelar los motivos de la indecisión a las vacunas de padres y/o responsables de niños y adolescentes para la prevención de COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, que busca analizar las respuestas a la pregunta abierta “¿Por qué no va a vacunar o no vacunó o tiene dudas en vacunar a los niños y los adolescentes bajo su responsabilidad para la prevención del COVID-19?”. La investigación incluyó individuos adultos, brasileños, residentes en el país, responsables de niños y adolescentes menores de 18 años. La recolección de datos se realizó de forma electrónica entre los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2021. Las respuestas se organizaron y procesaron con ayuda del software Iramuteq. El corpus textual de esta investigación fue compuesto por la respuesta de 1.896 participantes, siendo constituido por el 87% de indecisos (1.650) y el 13% (246) de padres que tienen la intención de vacunar, pero que esbozaron algunas dudas y consideraciones respecto a la vacunación de niños y adolescentes. Son motivos por los cuales los padres y/o responsables no vacunaron o están en duda en vacunar a los niños y adolescentes bajo su responsabilidad para prevención del COVID-19: temores con la vacunación en cuanto a la concepción de que la vacuna está en fase experimental, miedo a las reacciones adversas y los efectos a largo plazo. Los motivos de la ausencia de intención en vacunar se deben a que los participantes entienden que el COVID-19 en niños no es grave, que los riesgos de la vacunación son mayores que los beneficios y que tienen derecho a decidir no vacunarse.

Abstract: The objective is to unveil the reasons for vaccine hesitancy among parents and/or guardians of children and adolescents toward the prevention of COVID-19. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach that seeks to analyze the answers to the open question “Why will you not vaccinate or have not vaccinated or are in doubt about vaccinating the children and adolescents under your responsibility, for the prevention of COVID-19?”. The research included adult individuals, Brazilians, living in the country, responsible for children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Data collection took place electronically in November and December 2021. The answers were organized and processed with the support of the software Iramuteq. The textual corpus of this research was composed of the response of 1,896 participants, consisting of 87% who were hesitant (1,650) and 13% (246) of parents who intend to vaccinate but who outlined some doubts and considerations about the vaccination of children and adolescents. These are reasons why parents and/or guardians have not vaccinated or are in doubt about vaccinating the children and adolescents under their responsibility for the prevention of COVID-19: fears about vaccination regarding the conception that the vaccine is in the experimental phase, fear of adverse reactions and long-term effects. The reasons for the lack of intention to vaccinate stem from the understanding of the participants that COVID-19 in children is not serious, the risks of vaccination are greater than the benefits, and the right of choice not to vaccinate.