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Phenolic content, antioxidant and antifungal activity of jackfruit extracts (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.).
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CHAVEZ-SANTIAGO, Joaquín Omar

; RODRÍGUEZ-CASTILLEJOS, Guadalupe Concepción

; MONTENEGRO, Gloria

; BRIDI, Raquel

; VALDÉS-GÓMEZ, Héctor

; ALVARADO-REYNA, Sofía

; CASTILLO-RUIZ, Octelina

; SANTIAGO-ADAME, Rubén

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e02221

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a fruit of tropical and subtropical zones of the world, is an important source of phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins). Several studies have associated phytochemicals with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the polyphenolic content, the antioxidant and antifungal properties of jackfruit extracts on phytopathogenic fungi. Two phenolic extracts of jackfruit of different maturity level (J1-J2) were used. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoids (TFC) by the aluminum chloride method, the free radical trapping potential was measured using FRAP and ORAC methods. The results showed a TPC of 844 and 1,178 mgEAG/100 g and TFC of 37 and 68 mgQE/100 g, of dry jackfruit, the antioxidant potential analysis by FRAP was 7,575 and 8,691, by ORAC was 13.369 and 14.728 µmol Trolox/100 g, of dry jackfruit for J1 and J2 respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the phenolic extracts of jackfruit reduced the mycelial growth of: Penicillium digitatum (20-14%), Geotrichum candidum (56-55%), Aspergillus niger (72-67%) and Botrytis cinerea (100%-100%) for J1 and J2 respectively. We conclude that regardless of the degree of maturity, jackfruit has antioxidant and antifungal properties on phytopathogens important in agriculture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.02221

Evaluación del ambiente sonoro de la Empresa Productora y Comercializadora de Glucosas, Almidón y Derivados del Maíz. Cienfuegos, Cuba
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Montenegro Calderón, Tamara

; Ávalos Ávalos, Gloria Marilé

; Gómez Villarejo, Alicia María

MediSur

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jun 2021, Volume 19 N. 3 Pages 530 - 535

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Foundation: noise is included among the 5 risk factors of physical origin for health in the working environment. Objective: to determine if sound pollution at the Cienfuegos Manufacturing and Marketing Company of glucose, starch and other corn byproducts, exceeds maximum admissible values on NC 871/11 of Health Safety and Health at Work. Methods: a cross descriptive study at the Cienfuegos Manufacturing and Marketing Company of glucose, starch and other corn byproducts was conducted, on February 2018. A number of 287 persons were working, out of them 247 directly in production processes. Measurements of sound levels in the working areas were done according to the valid Cuban standard NC 19-01-14/83. Variables continues equivalent sound level, express in decibels (dB(A) and time of exposure in hours. To measure noise, it was used and integrative sonometer type 2. Measurements were done the during working hours. Results: in the steam generator, compressor boiler, grinding and generation areas, corn reception and cleaning, animal feed factory, dryers and centrifugal equipment noise levels exceed 90 db (a) of exposition. Conclusion: the levels of noise found exceed the admissible maximum which might produce harmful health consequences on workers therefore it is necessary to intervene this working environment

RESUMEN Fundamento el ruido se incluye dentro de los cinco principales factores de riesgo de naturaleza física para la salud en el medio laboral. Objetivo determinar si la contaminación acústica de la Empresa Productora y Comercializadora de Glucosas, Almidón y Derivados del Maíz, de Cienfuegos sobrepasa los valores máximos admisibles establecidos en la NC 871/11 de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en la Empresa Productora y Comercializadora de Glucosas, Almidón y Derivados del Maíz de Cienfuegos, en el mes de febrero de 2018. En la empresa laboraban 287 trabajadores, de ellos 247 directos a la producción. Las mediciones del nivel sonoro en el área de trabajo se realizaron según la metodología que establece la Norma Cubana vigente NC 19-01-14/83. Se analizaron las variables: nivel sonoro equivalente continuo, expresado en decibeles (dB(A)) y el tiempo de exposición (en horas). Para medir el ruido se utilizó un sonómetro integrador clase 2. Las mediciones se realizaron durante la jornada laboral. Resultados en el generador de vapor, caldera de compresores, área de molinación y generación, recepción de maíz y limpieza, empaque fábrica de pienso, secadores y centrífugas los niveles de ruido sobrepasan los 90 db(a) de exposición. En los previos 2 y 3 del área molinación y generación, los niveles de ruido fueron superiores a los 100 db(a) de exposición. Conclusiones: los niveles de ruido encontrados sobrepasan el valor máximo admisible, lo que pudiera ocasionar consecuencias nocivas en la salud de los trabajadores por lo que se hace necesario intervenir en este medio laboral.

EMPATHY IN NURSING STUDENTS FROM THE METROPOLITANA UNIVERSITY OF BARRANQUILLA (COLOMBIA)
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Castellón-Montenegro, Herminia

; Barraza-Ospino, Damar

; Borré-Ortiz, Yeis Miguel

; Lastre-Amell, Gloria

; Erazo-Coronado, Ana María

; Díaz-Narváez, Víctor Patricio

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

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dec 2020, Volume 29 elocation e20180314

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the Empathic Orientation in Nursing students of the Universidad Metropolitana of Barranquilla (Colombia). Method: a descriptive, exploratory and transversal study in which the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale in an anonymous and confidential manner was applied to 489 students from the first to fourth undergraduate year of the Nursing Program of the Universidad Metropolitana (Barranquilla, Colombia); the corresponding ethical and methodological rigor was kept. Results: the ANOVA results were not significant in the Academic Year factor and in the interaction (p=0.261), but significant by Gender. It was observed that behavior was different in both genders. The masculine gender tends to descend between the first and third undergraduate year and female gender also descends between first and second undergraduate year to later reach the average levels of empathy of the male gender. Conclusion: the results obtained show that the means of the variable studied do not show a great difference between the different undergraduate courses, nevertheless, a slight increase in the fourth undergraduate year is observed. There were significant differences between genders, the scores observed in men students were higher than those obtained from women students.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la orientación empática en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla (Colombia). Método: un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal en el que se aplicó la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson de forma anónima y confidencial a 489 estudiantes del primer a cuarto año de pregrado del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Metropolitana (Barranquilla, Colombia); guardando el rigor ético y metodológico correspondiente. Resultados: los resultados de ANOVA no fueron significativos en el factor Año Académico y su interacción (p=0.261), pero significativos para género. Se observó que el comportamiento fue diferente en ambos géneros. El género masculino tiende a descender entre el primer y tercer año de pregrado, y el Género femenino también desciende entre el primer y segundo año de pregrado para luego alcanzar los niveles promedio de empatía del género masculino. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos muestran que las medias de la variable estudiada no muestran gran diferencia entre los diferentes cursos de pregrado, sin embargo, se observa un ligero aumento en el cuarto año de pregrado. Hubo diferencias significativas entre géneros, las puntuaciones observadas en los estudiantes hombres fueron más altas que las obtenidas en las mujeres estudiantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a orientação empática em estudantes de enfermagem da Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla (Colombia). Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, no qual a Escala de Empatia Médica de Jefferson, de forma anônima e confidencial, foi aplicada a 489 alunos do primeiro ao quarto ano de graduação do Programa de Enfermagem da Universidad Metropolitana (Barranquilla, Colombia). o rigor ético e metodológico correspondente foi mantido. Resultados: os resultados da ANOVA não foram significativos no fator Ano Acadêmico e na interação (p=0,261), mas significativos por Gênero. Observou-se que o comportamento foi diferente em ambos os sexos. O gênero masculino tende a descer entre o primeiro e o terceiro ano de graduação e o gênero feminino também desce entre o primeiro e o segundo ano de graduação para atingir posteriormente os níveis médios de empatia do gênero masculino. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos mostram que as médias da variável estudada não apresentam grande diferença entre os diferentes cursos de graduação. no entanto, observa-se um ligeiro aumento no quarto ano de graduação. Houve diferenças significativas entre os sexos, os escores observados nos estudantes do sexo masculino foram superiores aos obtidos nas estudantes do sexo feminino.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2018-0314 56 downloads

Ambivalência(s) da adolescência e a importância do médico de família: um relato de caso
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Magalhães, Ana Rita

; Penetra, Joana Montenegro

; Domingues, Ana Catarina

; Letra, Ana

; Neto, Maria Glória

; Martins, Nicoleta

Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar

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apr 2020, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 175 - 180

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Introdução: O médico de família (MF), além de estar apto a abordar as problemáticas mais prevalentes da adolescência, deve ainda promover a participação ativa e responsável do adolescente nas questões de saúde, fundamentando a sua ação numa intervenção individualizada e na confidencialidade. A consciência da orientação sexual, no caso da homossexualidade, surge normalmente no período da adolescência, podendo envolver um período de confusão e dúvida. A discriminação e os estereótipos associados ainda marcam muito quem se vê confrontado com a sua orientação sexual. Descrição do caso: Sexo masculino, 16 anos, consulta de vigilância de saúde a pedido da mãe que, dias antes, procura os elementos da equipa por noção de isolamento, tristeza e receio de problema psicológico grave com o filho. Durante abordagem conhecida pelo acrónimo HEEADSSS, sozinho, surge a dúvida sobre a própria sexualidade, admitindo pensar ser homossexual, com inúmeros receios, ambivalências e vergonha acerca deste assunto, que o têm levado a afastar-se da família, grupo de amigos e colegas. As dúvidas relacionadas com o futuro escolar e profissional também o deixam preocupado, sentindo-se sozinho num mundo com o qual não se identifica. Escuta ativa e confidencialidade, desmistificação de algumas temáticas e disponibilidade para consultas, assim como encaminhamento para consulta de psicologia fazem parte do plano conjunto centrado no adolescente, que apresenta franca melhoria do humor e motivação. Comentário: As dúvidas relativas à orientação sexual podem ser devastadoras no período da adolescência, condicionando isolamento, autoculpabilização e vergonha. O MF ocupa uma posição que favorece a deteção precoce e esclarecimento das questões relacionadas com a sexualidade, permitindo assim um crescimento e desenvolvimento saudáveis, em termos físicos, psicológicos e sociais.

Introduction: The family physician (FF) besides being able to address the most prevalent problems of adolescence, should also promote the active and responsible participation of the adolescence in health matters, based on their individualized intervention and confidentiality. The awareness of sexual orientation in the case of homosexuality usually arises during adolescence and it might involve a period of confusion and doubt. Discrimination and associated stereotypes still mark a lot of those who are confronted with their sexual orientation. Case report: Male, 16 years, presented to the consult after some concern of his mother for isolation, sadness, and fear of serious psychological problems with her child. During the well known HEEADSSS acronym assessment, the question arises about his own sexuality admitting to being homosexual, with innumerable fears, ambivalences, and shame about this, that have led him to move away from the family, group of friends and colleagues. Doubts about the future in school and profession also leave him worried and feeling alone in a world he does not identify himself with. Active listening and confidentiality, the demystification of some themes and availability for consultations, as well as referral to psychologists are part of the joint plan, which is maintained, with frank improvement. Commentary: Doubts about sexual orientation can be devastating in the teenage years, conditioning isolation, self-blame, and shame. The FF occupies a privileged position in the early detection and clarification of issues related to sexuality, thus allowing a healthy growth, physical, psychological and socially.

https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v36i2.12418 623 downloads

EMPATHY IN NURSING STUDENTS FROM THE METROPOLITANA UNIVERSITY OF BARRANQUILLA (COLOMBIA)
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Castellón-Montenegro, Herminia

; Barraza-Ospino, Damar

; Borré-Ortiz, Yeis Miguel

; Lastre-Amell, Gloria

; Erazo-Coronado, Ana María

; Díaz-Narváez, Víctor Patricio

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

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2020, Volume 29 elocation e20180314

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2018-0314 1186 downloads

Seasonal patterns of growth phenology and nutrient dynamics in four matorral shrubs in Central Chile
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Rundel, Philip W.

; Sharifi, M. Rasoul

; Vu, Michelle K.

; Montenegro, Gloria

; Mooney, Harold A.

Gayana. Botánica

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dec 2019, Volume 76 N. 2 Pages 208 - 219

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Chile is one of five global regions exhibiting a mediterranean-type climate regime characterized by evergreen sclerophyll shrublands. These matorral shrublands which dominate the foothills and slopes of the Coastal Mountains and foothills of the Andes in central Chile have received much less study than evergreen shrublands in other mediterranean-type climate regions of the world. Phenological development, growth, and nutrient dynamics of the four widespread matorral shrub species, Lithrea caustica (Anacardiaceae), Colliguaja odorifera (Euphorbiaceae), Kageneckia oblonga (Rosaceae), and Retanilla trinervia (Rhamnaceae), were monitored in central Chile from 1971 to 1975. The four study species all demonstrated growth dynamics and nutrient relations similar to chaparral shrub species of southern California. The species exhibited a sequential development of phenological stages in leaf components following fall precipitation. Colliguaja with relatively shallow root systems showed a sharp peak of new leaf production at the beginning of summer, dropping quickly as summer drought occurred. Another shallow- rooted species while Retanilla initiated leaf production in the late winter, earlier than the other two species, and presented a growth pattern dependent on soil moisture availability. Lithrea and Kageneckia, a more deep-rooted species, initiated leaf production in late spring and continued through the summer. Overall, Chilean shrubs exhibited higher nutrient contents than those of chaparral shrubs in California, suggesting a difference in soil nutrient availability. Reproductive tissues represent a significant portion of the new biomass and nutrient allocation in all four matorral shrubs. Biomass allocation of new tissues (i.e. new leaves, new stems and reproductive tissues) ranged from 8.2% in Retanilla to 16.7% in Colliguaja. Overall, the phenology and nutrient relations of matorral shrubs were similar to those found in chaparral, shrubs indicating that the similar climate regimes can lead to convergence in leaf traits, phenology, and nutrient relationships.

RESUMEN Chile es una de las cinco regiones en el mundo que presenta clima de tipo mediterráneo, caracterizado por matorrales esclerófilos perennifolios. Estos matorrales arbustivos que dominan las estribaciones y laderas de la Cordillera de la Costa, y las estribaciones de los Andes en Chile central, han sido mucho menos estudiados que los matorrales perennifolios de otras regiones mediterráneas en el mundo. El desarrollo fenológico, el crecimiento y la dinámica en el contenido de nutrientes de las cuatro especies arbustivas más ampliamente distribuidas en el matorral de Chile central, Lithrea caustica (Anacardiaceae), Colliguaja odorifera (Euphorbiaceae), Kageneckia oblonga (Rosaceae) y Retanilla trinervia (Rhamnaceae), fueron monitoreadas entre 1971 y 1975. Las cuatro especies mostraron una dinámica de crecimiento y relaciones en el contenido de nutrientes similares a las especies de arbustos del chaparral del sur de California. Las especies exhibieron un desarrollo de estados fenológicos en los componentes foliares, cuya secuencia sigue la caída de precipitaciones. Colliguaja, con un sistema radicular relativamente poco profundo, mostró un marcado punto máximo en la producción de hojas nuevas a comienzos del verano, cayendo rápidamente a medida que llega la sequía del verano. Mientras que otra especie, Retanilla, de raíces poco profundas, inició la producción de hojas a fines del invierno, antes que las otras dos especies, y presentó un patrón de crecimiento dependiente de la disponibilidad de humedad del suelo. Lithrea y Kageneckia, especies de raíces más profundas, iniciaron la producción de hojas a fines de la primavera y continuaron durante el verano. En general, los arbustos chilenos presentan mayores contenidos de nutrientes que los arbustos del chaparral en California, lo que sugiere una diferencia en la disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo. Los tejidos reproductivos representan una porción significativa de la asignación a biomasa nueva y de nutrientes en las cuatro especies de arbusto del matorral. La asignación de biomasa a tejidos nuevos (i.e., hojas y tallos nuevos, y tejidos reproductivos) varió de 8,2% en Retanilla a 16,7% en Colliguaja. En general, la fenología y dinámica del contenido de nutrientes de los arbustos del matorral fueron similares a las encontradas en el chaparral, con arbustos que indican que similares regímenes climáticos pueden conducir a convergencia en rasgos foliares, fenología y relaciones de nutrientes.

919 downloads

Characterization of phenolic profile alterations in metal-polluted bee pollen via capillary electrophoresis
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Mejías, Enrique

; Gómez, Carlos J.

; Gareil, Pierre

; Delaunay, Nathalie

; Montenegro, Gloria

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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apr 2018, Volume 45 N. 1 Pages 51 - 63

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Bee pollen is a conglomerate of plant pollens, and its nutritional contents include bioactive compounds with antioxidant/antiradical potentials. These potentials are conditioned by botanical origin. In Chile, the native flora is diverse and promising in terms of bioactive compounds, but many plants grow in metal-polluted areas. The associated bioaccumulation could negatively affect the antioxidant/antiradical abilities of bee pollen. To assess the relationship between the bioaccumulation of metals and the antioxidant activity of pollen, complete bee pollen was collected near and far from the Llaima Volcano, albeit in ranges that ensured the same botanical origins. Mellisopalynological analysis determined Escallonia rubra pollen was the most abundant native flora in complete bee pollen. Therefore, E. rubra pollen collected near and far from the Llaima Volcano was evaluated for the following: phenolic compounds via colorimetric assays; antioxidant activity via ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays; antiradical activity via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assays; and metal contents via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Llaima samples had higher Cu and Fe but lower Mn contents and lower antioxidant and antiradical capacities than did the control samples. These results were supported by subsequent fortification assays in Llaima E. rubra samples. In fortified samples with significantly higher metal contents, antiradical and antioxidant abilities decreased. Moreover, shifts in migration times were found for naringenin, rutine, and caffeic acid after capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis in fortified samples. In conclusion, the results indicated an inverse correlation between metal contents and antioxidant/antiradical potentials in bee pollen.

Resumen El polen apícola es un conglomerado de diversos pólenes vegetales cuyo contenido nutricional incluye compuestos bioactivos de acción antioxidante /antirradicalaria. Aquellos atributos son condicionados al origen botánico del polen. En Chile, la flora nativa es diversa y promisoria en términos de los compuestos que presentan bioactividad. Sin embargo, existen plantas melíferas que crecen en áreas potencialmente contaminadas con metales. La acumulación de estos elementos en las plantas puede afectar negativamente las capacidades antioxidantes/antirradicalarias del polen apícola. Para evaluar la relación existente entre la bioacumulación de metales y la actividad antioxidante del polen apícola se recolectaron muestras completas de orígenes botánicos similares en zonas cercanas y lejanas al volcán Llaima. El análisis melisopalinológico determinó que el polen de Escallonia rubra era la especie nativa más abundante presente en las muestras. De esta forma, el polen de E. rubra presente en las muestras seleccionadas en este estudio fue analizado mediante los siguientes métodos: ensayos colorimétricos para determinar la cantidad de compuestos fenólicos totales; ensayo del poder reductor/antioxidante del ión férrico (FRAP) para evaluar la actividad antioxidante; ensayo con 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) para evaluar la actividad antirradicalaria y análisis del contenido de metales mediante espectroscopía de emisión óptica de plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-OES). Las muestras producidas en las proximidades del volcán Llaima mostraron mayores concentraciones de Cu y Fe y menores para Mn en comparación con las muestras control. Asimismo, la capacidad antioxidante y antirradicalaria fue menor en estas muestras. Estos valores fueron concordantes con los resultados obtenidos luego de efectuar los ensayos de fortificación de muestras de polen de E. rubra. En las muestras fortificadas con altas concentraciones de metales se observó un descenso significativo de la capacidad antioxidante y antirradicalaria. Del mismo modo, los tiempos de retención para los compuestos naringenina, rutina y ácido cafeíco analizados por Electroforesis Capilar (CE) mostraron desplazamientos en las muestras fortificadas. En conclusión, los resultados indican una correlación inversa entre el contenido de metales y las capacidades antioxidantes/antirradicalarias del polen apícola.

https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v45i1.1890 642 downloads

LC-MS/MS analysis of neonicotinoid insecticides: Residue findings in chilean honeys
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Bridi, Raquel

; Larena, Arturo

; Pizarro, Paula Núñez

; Giordano, Ady

; Montenegro, Gloria

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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feb 2018, Volume 42 N. 1 Pages 51 - 57

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Os neonicotinóides são uma geração relativamente nova de inseticidas que tem sido utilizado para o controle de pragas, como pulgões, cigarrinhas e moscas brancas. Este artigo apresenta pela primeira vez a determinação de resíduos de quatro inseticidas neonicotinóides (acetamiprida, tiametoxam, tiaclopride e imidaclopride) em méis chilenos empregando para extração o método QuEChERS seguido de UHPLC-MS/MS. Foram encontrados limites de detecção e quantificação aceitáveis para todos os analitos variando de 0,34 a 1,43 μg kg-1 e de 0,30 a 4,76 μg kg-1, respectivamente. A extração usando o método QuEChERS proporcionou uma recuperação maior que 79% e a precisão do método não excedeu um coeficiente de variação de 20%. Esses dados estão de acordo com os critérios internacionais que recomendam limites gerais de recuperação de 70 - 120%. Das 16 amostras de mel analisadas foram detectados pesticidas neonicotinoides em três delas. Essas três amostras foram coletadas na mesma área geográfica (Rengo), a qual se caracteriza pela produção de grãos e frutas. A análise da origem botânica desses méis mostrou a ausência de grãos de pólen de espécies cultivadas nesta zona, porém mostrou uma presença majoritária de grãos de pólen de ervas daninhas, como Medicago sativa, Galega officinalis e Brassica rapa, as quais podem estar associadas a estes cultivos. Embora os níveis de resíduos neonicotinoides encontrados neste estudo são baixos, os resultados confirmam a ocorrência atual de uma transferência destes inseticidas ao mel das de abelhas expostas.

ABSTRACT Neonicotinoids are a relatively new generation of insecticides that have been used for control of pests such as aphids, leafhoppers and whiteflies. This paper presents for the first time a determination of residues of four neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid and imidacloprid) in Chilean honey using QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The limits of detection and quantification found for all analytes ranging from 0.34 to 1.43 μg kg-1 and from 0.30 to 4.76 μg kg-1, respectively. The extraction using QuEChERS method provided recoveries over 79% and the precision showed coefficient of variation lower than 20%. These data are in agreement with the international criteria that recommend general recovery limits of 70 - 120%. Of the 16 samples analyzed, in three honey samples neonicotinoids pesticides were detected. These three samples were collected from the same geographical area (Rengo). Fruit and grain production characterize the province of Rengo. The analysis of the botanical origin of these honeys showed the absence of pollen grains of crops and the majority presence of pollen grains of weeds such as Medicago sativa, Galega officinalis and Brassica rapa, which could be associated with crops. Although the residue levels found were low, the results also confirm the actual occurrence of a transfer of neonicotinoid insecticides from exposed honeybees into honey.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018421021117 3016 downloads

Differences between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of quillay Chilean honeys and their separated phenolic extracts
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Bridi, Raquel

; Nuñez-Quijada, Gabriel

; Aguilar, Patricia

; Martínez, Patricia

; Lissi, Eduardo

; Giordano, Ady

; Montenegro, Gloria

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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dec 2017, Volume 44 N. 3 Pages 252 - 261

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The differences between entire quillay honeys and their separated phenolic extracts in terms of phenolic content, flavonoid content and scavenging activity assessed through an Oxygen Radicals Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay were determined. The separated phenolic extracts of honey were obtained using Amberlite XAD-2, which is the procedure most used in analytical methods, biological assays and functional food development. The results showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were higher in entire honeys than in their separated phenolic extracts. The recovery of phenolic acids and flavonoids was variable and depended upon the method employed. The application of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), a water insoluble synthetic polymer, in the separated extracts indicated an important influence of non-phenolic reducing compounds in the polyphenolic content measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. This showed the elution with methanol of these compounds together with phenolic compounds using an Amberlite XAD-2 column. The antioxidant capacity assessed through ORAC-FL and ORAC-PGR was less influenced by the interference of non-phenolic compounds than by that of total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Resumen Se estudió la diferencia entre miel de quillay entera y sus extractos fenólicos en función del contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, flavonoides y de la actividad antioxidante mediante el ensayo de la Capacidad de Absorción de Radicales de Oxígeno (ORAC). Los extractos fenólicos se obtuvieron utilizando columna de Amberlite XAD-2, procedimiento muy empleado en estudios analíticos, biológicos y en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales. Los resultados demostraran que el contenido de fenoles totales, flavonoides y la capacidad antioxidante son mayores en las mieles enteras que en sus extractos fenólicos separados. Sin embargo, la recuperación de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides es variable y depende de la metodología empleada. La aplicación de polivinilpolipirrolidona (PVPP), un polímero sintético insoluble en agua, en los extractos separados indicó una importante influencia de compuestos reductores no fenólicos en la medida de fenoles totales determinada por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Esto demuestra que utilizando columna Amberlite XAD-2 compuestos no-fenólicos son eluídos con metanol conjuntamente los fenoles. La capacidad antioxidante medida por ORAC es menos influenciada por la contribución de compuestos no fenólicos que los valores de fenoles totales obtenidos por el método FC.

https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v44i3.1756 1620 downloads

10.

Effects of extracts from Maytenus on Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
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Zavala H, Andrea

; Hormazabal U, Emilio

; Montenegro R, Gloria

; Rosalez V, Marlene

; Quiroz C, Andrés

; Paz R, Cristian

; Rebolledo R, Ramón

Revista Colombiana de Entomología

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dec 2017, Volume 43 N. 2 Pages 233 - 244

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se evaluó el efecto insecticida de cinco extractos etanólicos producidos a partir de tres especies del género Maytenus: hojas (HMB), corteza de (CMB) y semillas (SMB) de M. boaria, hojas de M. disticha (HMD) y hojas de M. magellanica sobre el escarabajo Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) y en la plaga de la zarzamora Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). También se evaluó el efecto anti-alimentario de los extractos sobre este último. Se utilizó aplicación residual, con cinco concentraciones para cada especie de insecto y diez repeticiones en cada ensayo. Para evaluar la acción anti-alimentaria sobre adultos de A. superciliosus, se establecieron experimentos de elección (E) y sin elección (NE) para determinar el porcentaje de área foliar consumida. Los ensayos duraron 120 horas, con la mortalidad y el efecto anti-alimentario monitoreados cada 24 horas. El mayor porcentaje de mortalidad en las dos especies de insectos se registró con el extracto etanólico de SMB: H. convergens presentó 82 % con una LC50: 32 mg/ml, mientras que A. superciliosus presentó 85 % en el ensayo de elección y 86 % en el ensayo de no elección, con una LC50: 23 mg/ml. En ambos ensayos, la mortalidad aumentó con el tiempo de exposición, alcanzando su máximo a las 120 horas. La menor mortalidad se obtuvo con el extracto de CMB en el ensayo de elección (C) y con el extracto de HMM en el ensayo de no elección (NE). En el ensayo de elección, el mayor porcentaje de área foliar consumida se registró con extracto de CMB, mientras que en el ensayo de no elección el mayor porcentaje de consumo fue con el extracto de HMM, que presentó valores más altos incluso que el control sin aplicación. El menor porcentaje de hojas consumido, en ambos ensayos, se registró con el extracto de SMB en las concentraciones más altas (20 y 30 % p/v).

Abstract The insecticidal effects of five ethanolic extracts produced from three species of the genus Maytenus: M. boaria leaf (MBL), M. boaria bark (MBB), M. boaria seed (MBS), M. disticha leaf (MDL) and M. magellanica leaf (MML) were evaluated on the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and on the pest of berry Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The anti-feeding effects of the extracts on the latter were also evaluated. Residual application was used, with five concentrations for each species of insect and ten replications of each assay. To evaluate anti-feeding action in adult A. superciliosus, choice (C) and no-choice (NC) experiments were established to determine the percentage of leaf area consumed. The assays lasted for 120 hours, with the mortality and anti-feeding effect monitored every 24 hours. The highest percentage of mortality in the two insect species was recorded with the MBS ethanolic extract: H. convergens presented 82 %, with LC50: 32 mg/ml; while A. superciliosus presented 85 % in the choice assay and 86 % in the no-choice assay, with LC50: 23 mg/ml. In both assays, the mortality increased with exposure time, reaching its highest at 120 hours. The lowest mortality was obtained with MBB extract in choice (C) and with MML extract in no-choice (NC) assays. In the choice assay, the highest percentage of leaf area consumed was recorded with MBB extract, while in the no-choice assay the highest percentage of consumed was with MML extract, which presented higher values even than the control with no application. The lowest leaf percentage consumed, in both assays, was recorded with MBS extract at the highest concentrations (20 and 30 % w/v).

https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5948 266 downloads

11.

Nutritíonal Composition and Polyphenolic Content of Edible Peumus boldus Mol. Fruits
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Velásquez, Patricia

; Sandoval, María Ignacia

; Giordano, Ady

; Gómez, Miguel

; Montenegro, Gloria

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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apr 2017, Volume 44 N. 1 Pages 54 - 63

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Peumus boldus is an endemic Chilean tree whose edible fruit lack a history of scientific research. The aim of this study was to determine its nutritional composition (moisture, ash, crude fiber, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) and polyphenolic content (total phenolic content, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS analysis) at different stages of development. The results show that the fruit decreased in ash, crude fiber and total phenolic content throughout its development, while its carbohydrate and protein content increased. An increase in phenolic molecules such as catechin and epicatechin was also observed. This is the first report on the nutritional composition and phenolic content of Peumus boldus Mol. fruits.

Peumus boldus es un árbol endémico de Chile cuyos frutos comestibles no han sido investigados científicamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar su composición nutricional (humedad, cenizas, fibra cruda, proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos) y su contenido polifenólico (contenido de fenoles totales, análisis HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS / MS) en diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Los resultados mostraron que los frutos disminuyeron en cenizas, fibra cruda y el contenido fenólico total a lo largo de su desarrollo; mientras que su contenido de carbohidratos y proteínas aumentó. También se observó un incremento en algunos flavonoides tales como catequina y epicatequina. Este es el primer informe de la composición nutricional y contenido fenólico de los frutos de Peumus boldus Mol.

https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v44i1.1684 1416 downloads

12.

Determination of suitable zones for apitourism using multi-criteria evaluation in geographic information systems: a case study in the O'Higgins Region, Chile
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Pantoja, Gabriel

; Gómez, Miguel

; Contreras, Claudio

; Grimau, Lissette

; Montenegro, Gloria

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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2017, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 139 - 153

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Beekeeping, which involves honey production and pollination of agricultural crops, has become a significant production activity. Linking beekeeping with ecotourism brings greater value to the beekeeping sector, thereby attracting the development of apitourism. Multi-criteria decision analysis is a set of techniques developed through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) focused on spatial decision making, which can be used to link beekeeping and tourism for the development of priority sites for shared activity. This work is based on the definition and weighting of factors used for evaluation of apitourism suitability in Chile, considering the opinion of beekeepers and professionals associated with the sector. The result is a map of apitouristic suitability that includes vegetation, tourism, precipitation, temperature, roads, rivers and genetically modified crops (GM crops), as well as three restrictions: soil use, highways and wild areas protected by the state. The model allowed the localization of priority sites for resources and efforts pertaining to the development of apitourism.

Resumen La apicultura se ha convertido en una actividad productiva importante, que implica la producción de miel y la polinización de cultivos agrícolas. Vincular la apicultura con el ecoturismo proporciona mayor valor al sector apícola, permitiendo el desarrollo del apiturismo. El análisis de decisión multicriterio (MCDA) es un conjunto de técnicas desarrolladas a través de un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG), centrado en la toma de decisiones espaciales, que puede ser utilizado para vincular la apicultura y el turismo en el desarrollo de sitios prioritarios con actividad compartida. Este trabajo se basa en la definición y ponderación de factores utilizados para la evaluación de la idoneidad apiturística en Chile, considerando la opinión de apicultores y profesionales relacionados con el sector. El resultado es un mapa de aptitud apiturística, que incluye: vegetación, turismo, precipitación, temperatura, carreteras, ríos y cultivos genéticamente modificados (cultivos transgénicos) y tres restricciones: uso del suelo, caminos y áreas silvestres protegidas por el Estado. El modelo permitió la localización de sitios donde los recursos y esfuerzos para el desarrollo apiturístico son prioritarios.

https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v44i2.1712 1230 downloads

13.

Identification and characterization of an original grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera) found in Chile
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Gonzalez, Alvaro S

; Massera, Franco

; Moscoso, Daniel

; Hinrichsen, Patricio

; Montenegro, Gloria

; Laucou, Valerie

; Lacombe, Thierry

; Boursiquot, Jean-Michel

; Pszczólkowski, Philippo

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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may 2016, Volume 43 N. 2 Pages 337 - 345

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Currently, many monovarietal vineyards present a minority of mixed cultivars. Some of these cultivars are unknown and could represent an opportunity to discover new and potentially useful genotypes both for research and production purposes. In a 'Carmenère' vineyard planted in 1994 in Palmilla (Colchagua Valley, Chile), a minority presence of other cultivars was found. The present work covers for the first time the identification and characterization of one of these cultivars, which presented a very poor fruit set. Through classic ampelography, it was not possible to associate the studied cultivar with any known cultivar in Chile. However, through a simple sequence repeats (SSR) comparison against the database of the INRA Germplasm Repository "Domaine de Vassal" in France, the cultivar was identified as a triploid accession named 'Folle Blanche Faux' (Vitis vinifera L.) that was previously found in Chile during the season of 1950-1951. This cultivar presents earlier bud breaking than 'Carmenère', has morphologically complete flowers, and shows a physiological disorder around the fruit set, leading to partial or complete bunch necrosis under the environmental conditions of Palmilla. This cultivar contributes to the genotypic richness present in Chile and might be an interesting tool for physiological and molecular studies. It also could become productive under other environmental conditions (i.e., environmental conditions that favor a good fruit set) or by the application of adequate vineyard practices, such as cane girdling at bloom time.

Actualmente, muchos viñedos monovarietales presentan mezclas de otros cultivares en proporciones menores. Algunos de estos cultivares son desconocidos y podrían representar una oportunidad para descubrir genotipos nuevos y potencialmente útiles en investigación y/o producción. En un viñedo cv. 'Carmenère', plantado en 1994 en la comuna de Palmilla (Valle de Colchagua, Chile), se determinó la presencia minoritaria de otros cultivares. El presente trabajo cubre por primera vez la identificación y caracterización de uno de estos cultivares, el cual presentó una muy pobre fructificación. A través de ampelografía clásica, no fue posible asociar el cultivar en estudio a ningún cultivar conocido en Chile. Sin embargo, a través de una comparación de marcadores moleculares microsatélites con la base de datos del Repositorio de Germoplasma de Vid del INRA "Domaine de Vassal" en Francia, fue identificado como un acceso triploide llamado 'Folle Blanche Faux' (Vitis vinifera L.), el cual había sido descubierto en Chile previamente durante la temporada 1950-1951. Este cultivar presenta una brotación más precoz que la del cv. 'Carmenère', posee flores morfológicamente completas y muestra un notorio desorden fisiológico en su fructificación, el cual se manifiesta a través de una necrosis de racimo parcial o completa, bajo las condiciones ambientales de Palmilla. Este cultivar contribuye a la riqueza genotípica presente en Chile y eventualmente podría llegar a ser una herramienta interesante para estudios fisiológicos y moleculares. Adicionalmente, podría volverse productiva bajo otras condiciones ambientales (i.e. condiciones ambientales que favorezcan una buena cuaja frutal) o por la aplicación de prácticas vitícolas adecuadas, como el anillamiento de cargadores durante la floración.

1601 downloads

14.

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents
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Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Szklo, Moyses

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Vasconcellos, Maurício T L de

; Moraes, Ana Júlia Pantoja de

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M

; Muniz, Pascoal Torres

; Jardim, Paulo César B Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr, Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Martins, Stella Maris Seixas

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Suppl. 1 elocation 11s

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e de seus componentes em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados 37.504 adolescentes, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), estudo transversal de âmbito nacional e de base escolar. Os adolescentes, de 12 a 17 anos de idade, residiam em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A amostra foi estratificada e conglomerada em escolas e turmas. Os critérios da International Diabetes Federation foram utilizados para definir síndrome metabólica. Prevalências de síndrome metabólica foram estimadas segundo sexo, faixa etária, tipo de escola e estado nutricional. RESULTADOS Dos 37.504 adolescentes, 50,2% eram do sexo feminino; 54,3% tinham de 15 a 17 anos e 73,3% estudavam em escolas públicas. A prevalência nacional de síndrome metabólica foi 2,6% (IC95% 2,3-2,9), discretamente maior no sexo masculino e naqueles de 15 a 17 anos na maioria das macrorregiões. A prevalência foi a maior nos residentes na macrorregião Sul, nas adolescentes mais jovens e nos adolescentes mais velhos. A prevalência foi maior nas escolas públicas (2,8% [IC95% 2,4-3,2]) que nas escolas privadas (1,9% [IC95% 1,4-2,4]) e nos adolescentes obesos em comparação aos não obesos. As combinações de componentes mais frequentes, respondendo por 3/4 das combinações, foram: circunferência de cintura elevada, HDL-colesterol baixo e pressão arterial elevada, seguida de circunferência da cintura elevada, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) baixo e triglicerídeos elevados, e wpor circunferência da cintura elevada, HDL baixa e triacilgliceróis e pressão arterial elevados. A HDL baixa foi o segundo componente mais frequente, mas a maior prevalência de síndrome metabólica (26,8%) foi observada na presença de triglicerídeos elevado. CONCLUSÕES O ERICA é o primeiro estudo nacional a apresentar prevalências de síndrome metabólica e descrever a participação dos seus componentes. Apesar de a prevalência da síndrome metabólica ter sido baixa, as altas prevalências de alguns componentes e de participação de outros na composição da síndrome torna importante o diagnóstico precoce de tais alterações, mesmo que não agrupadas na síndrome metabólica.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95%CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95%CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95%CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006701 1789 downloads

15.

ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents
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Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Szklo, Moyses

; Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Moraes, Ana Julia Pantoja

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B. de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M.

; Jardim, Paulo César B. Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr., Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Suppl. 1 elocation 9s

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar as prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade e a fração atribuível populacional de hipertensão arterial devida à obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados dados dos participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes, estudo seccional l nacional de base escolar. A amostra foi dividida em 32 estratos geográficos e conglomerados de escolas e turmas, com representatividade nacional, macrorregional e de capitais. Obesidade foi classificada pelo índice de massa corporal segundo idade e sexo. Considerou-se hipertensão arterial a média da pressão arterial sistólica ou diastólica maior ou igual ao percentil 95 da curva de referência. Foram estimadas prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) de hipertensão arterial e de obesidade, nacionais e nas macrorregiões do País, por sexo e grupo etário, assim como as frações de hipertensão atribuíveis à obesidade na população. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 73.399 estudantes, 55,4% do sexo feminino, com média de idade 14,7 anos (DP = 1,6). A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi 9,6% (IC95% 9,0-10,3); sendo as mais baixas observadas nas regiões Norte, 8,4% (IC95% 7,7-9,2) e Nordeste, 8,4% (IC95% 7,6-9,2) e a mais alta na região Sul, 12,5% (IC95% 11,0-14,2). A prevalência de obesidade foi 8,4% (IC95% 7,9-8,9), mais baixa na região Norte e mais alta na Sul. As prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade foram maiores no sexo masculino. Adolescentes com obesidade tiveram prevalência de hipertensão arterial mais elevada, 28,4% (IC95% 25,5-31,2), do que aqueles com sobrepeso, 15,4% (IC95% 13,8-17,0), ou eutróficos, 6,3% (IC95% 5,6-7,0). A fração de hipertensão arterial atribuível à obesidade foi de 17,8%. CONCLUSÕES O ERICA foi o primeiro estudo brasileiro com representatividade nacional a estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial aferida em adolescentes. A fração da prevalência de hipertensão arterial atribuível à obesidade mostrou que cerca de 1/5 dos hipertensos poderiam não ser hipertensos se não fossem obesos.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006685 1511 downloads

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