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RESUMEN En estudios previos hemos demostrado los efectos adversos del consumo de una dieta rica en aceite termooxidado sobre el crecimiento corporal, el metabolismo de los lípidos, la masa ósea y la competencia biomecánica del fémur. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el efecto de una dieta rica en aceite de girasol termooxidado (AGX) sobre los parámetros morfométricos y biomecánicos de la mandíbula de rata en crecimiento. Materiales y Método: Ratas macho Wistar de 22±1 días de edad (n=21) recibieron durante 8 semanas una de 3 dietas: control (C); dieta comercial, una dieta suplementada con aceite de girasol (AG) y una dieta suplementada con AGX. La consistencia y la viscosidad de las dietas fueron similares. Los parámetros zoométricos y el consumo de dieta se registraron semanalmente. A T=8, los animales se eutanasiaron y se obtuvieron las hemimandíbulas. El crecimiento mandibular se estimó por medidas morfométricas entre puntos anatómicos y las propiedades estructurales por biomecánica. El análisis estadístico se realizó por SPSS v. 20.0. Resultados: Las ratas alimentadas con AGX presentaron menor peso corporal final (p=0.0074), peso mandibular (p=0.0001) y longitud mandibular (p=0.0002). Las propiedades estructurales de la mandíbula, Wf (p=0.001), Wy (p=0.002) y Wy/dy (p=0.003), se vieron afectadas negativamente en ratas alimentadas con AG o AGX, respecto a C; pero la rigidez ósea (Wy/dy) en AGX fue significativamente menor (C:44.4(5.4) > SFO:36.1(2.1) > SFOx: 26.3(3.7) N/mm; p=0.003). El efecto deletéreo del AGX sobre el crecimiento mandibular fue más acentuado en la región posterior (C:11.4(0.3)=SFO:11.2(0.2)>SFOx: 10.7(0.2) mm; p=0.0005). La relación anterior/posterior (C=1.25 (0.02); AG= 1.27(0.02) y AGX=1.32(0.03), p=0.001) indica que AGX indujo deformación mandibular. Conclusiones: El efecto adverso del consumo de una dieta rica en AGX durante el crecimiento podría afectar los parámetros morfométricos y la biomecánica ósea en términos de rigidez ósea.

ABSTRACT Previous studies by us demonstrated that the consumption of thermally oxidized oil diet adversely affects body growth, lipid metabolism, bone mass and femur biomechanical competence. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing fried sunflower oil on the mandible of growing rats. Materials and Method: Male Wistar rats (21±1 day old) (n=21) were assigned at weaning to one of three diets for 8 weeks: a control diet (C), a diet containing sunflower oil (SFO) or a diet containing sunflower oil that had been repeatedly heated (SFOx); both SFO and SFOx were mixed with commercial rat chow at 13% (w/w). The consistency and viscosity of the 3 diets were similar. Zoometrics and food intake were recorded weekly. At wk=8, mandibular growth was assessed by measurements of anatomical points of cleaned bones, and mandible biomechanical competence was assessed to estimate the structural properties of the bone. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS v. 20.0. Results: Rats fed SFOx diet attained the lowest final body weight (P=0.0074), mandibular weight (P=0.0001) and mandibular \length (P=0.0002). Load bearing capacity (Wf;N), load of yielding (Wy;N) and stiffness (Wy/dy;N/mm) of the mandible were negatively affected by both sunflower oil diets (fresh and fried) (P=0.001; P=0.002; P=0.003, respectively) though SFOx induced the most significant reduction in Wy/dy (C:44.4(5.4) > SFO:36.1(2.1) > SFOx: 26.3(3.7) N/ mm; P=0.003). The deleterious effect of SFOx on mandibular growth was more accentuated on the posterior part of the bone (C:11.4(0.3)=SFO:11.2(0.2)>SFOx: 10.7(0.2) mm; p=0.0005); the anterior/ posterior ratio (C:1.25(0.02)=SFO:1.27(0.02)<SFOx:1.32(0.03); p=0.0001) indicated that SFOx induced mandibular deformation. Conclusion: Consumption of SFOx diet during growth could affect mandibular morphometric properties and biomechanical competence, in terms of bone stiffness.

https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.36/2/96

The drag coefficient variations across different speeds in able-bodied, transradial and transtibial amputee cyclists by numerical simulations
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Forte, Pedro

; Morais, Jorge Estrela

; Branquinho, Luís

; Neiva, Henrique Pereira

; Monteiro, António Miguel

; Barbosa, Tiago Manuel

; Silva, António José

; Marinho, Daniel Almeida

Motricidade

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mar 2023, Volume 19 N. 1 Pages 78 - 83

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Drag crisis has been described as a drop in the drag coefficient (Cd). This procedure was lately assessed in able-bodied cyclists in time trial position by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of the drag crisis by computer fluid dynamics in transradial and transtibial amputee cyclists in the upright position. A male elite-level cyclist was recruited for this research. The subject was scanned (3D geometry with a 3D Scan) with his competition bicycle, helmet, suit, and shoes. Consequently, transradial and transtibial 3D models were created editing the able-bodied 3D model. To perform the CFD analyses, a domain measuring 7 x 2.5 x 2.5 m (length, width and height, respectively) was created around each bicycle-cyclist model. The domains were meshed with more than 42 million elements. Numerical simulations by CFD were performed in fluent numerical for speeds between 1 m/s and 13 m/s, with increments of 1 m/s. The total Cd decreased with speed. It ranged from 0.84 to 0.55 in the able-bodied, 0.86 to 0.64 in the transradial and 0.90 to 0.61 in the transtibial. The drag crisis phenomenon was observed between 1m/s and 4m/s in all models.

https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.27479

Evaluation of the rotary kinematics between actual and set speeds of X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver and iRoot motors
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Monteiro-Netto, Renata de Castro

; Braambati, Dieimes

; Arruda-Vasconcelos, Rodrigo

; Soares, Adriana de-Jesus

; Frozoni, Marcos

Brazilian Dental Journal

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 21 - 26

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The present study evaluated the actual rotational speed of three different endodontic motors compared to the values provided by the manufacturers. A total of three endodontic motors (X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver, and iRoot) were tested at 400 rpm and 800 rpm and 2 N/cm2 torque. The kinematics of the devices was recorded by using a custom angle-measuring disc with a 50-mm diameter attached to the handpiece provided by the manufacturer, whereas their movement was captured by a high-speed camera at 2,400 frames per second, 800 x 800 pixel-resolution and distance of 0.3 m from the target object. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. At 400 rpm, the iRoot motor had a value of 17.94 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer, which was significantly different from those of X-Smart Plus (5.20 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer) and VDW.Silver (0.62 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer) motors (P < 0.05). At 800 rpm, the iRoot motor had a value of 51.34 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer, whereas the X-Smart Plus motor had a value of 13.00 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer (P > 0.05). The VDW.Silver motor statistically differed from the iRoot and X-Smart Plus ones, showing a value of 1.68 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer. In conclusion, the X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver, and iRoot motors showed lower variations in the rotational speed values compared to those reported by their manufacturers. The endodontic motors presented different behaviors between them, with the VDW.Silver motor presents the most accurate values and the iRoot presents the most divergent values.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou a real velocidade rotacional de três diferentes motores endodônticos comparados aos valores fornecidos pelos fabricantes. Um total de três motores endodônticos (X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver e iRoot) foram testados a 400 rpm e 800 rpm e torque de 2 N/cm2. A cinemática dos dispositivos foi verificada utilizando-se um disco customizado de 50 mm de diâmetro acoplado ao contra ângulo fornecido pelo fabricante e o movimento foi capturado através de uma câmera ajustada em 2400 quadros por segundo com resolução de 800 x 800 pixels distante 0,3 m do objeto alvo. A análise estatística foi realizada com nível de significância de 5%. A 400 rpm, o motor iRoot apresentou 17,94 rpm acima do indicado pelo fabricante, sendo o valor significativamente diferente do X-Smart Plus (5,20 rpm abaixo do indicado pelo fabricante) e VDW.Silver (0.62 rpm acima do indicado pelo fabricante) (P > 0,05). A 800 rpm, iRoot apresentou 51.34 rpm abaixo do indicado pelo fabricante e X-Smart Plus 13,00 rpm abaixo do indicado pelo fabricante (P > 0,05). VDW.Silver foi estatisticamente diferente de iRoot e X-Smart Plus, apresentando 1,68 rpm acima do indicado pelo fabricante. Concluiu-se que os motores X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver e iRoot apresentaram baixa variação na velocidade rotacional quando comparada ao fornecido pelo fabricante. Os motores endodônticos apresentaram diferentes comportamentos entre eles, sendo que o motor VDW.Silver apresentou valores mais acurados enquanto o iRoot foi o mais divergente.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202304953

First report of putative Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) in Leishmania infantum strains from canine and human visceral leishmaniasis cases in the southeast of Brazil
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Rêgo, Felipe Dutra

; da Silva, Eduardo Sérgio

; Lopes, Valeriana Valadares

; Teixeira-Neto, Rafael Gonçalves

; Belo, Vinícius Silva

; Fonseca Júnior, Antônio Augusto

; Pereira, Diego Andrade

; Pena, Heber Paulino

; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra

; Araújo, Gabriela V

; da Matta, Vânia Lúcia Ribeiro

; Chouman, Islam Hussein

; Burrin, Thainá Bergantin

; Sandoval, Carmen M

; Barrouin-Melo, Stella Maria

; de Pinho, Flaviane Alves

; de Andrade, Hélida Monteiro

; Nunes, Ramon Vieira

; Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira

; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz

; Klocek, Donnamae

; Grybchuk, Danyil

; Macedo, Diego Henrique

; do Monte-Neto, Rubens Lima

; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav

; Soares, Rodrigo Pedro

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230071

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) is commonly found in South American Leishmania parasites belonging to the subgenus Viannia, whereas Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) was previously thought to be restricted to the Old-World pathogens of the subgenus Leishmania. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the presence of LRV2 in strains of Leishmania (L.) infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), originating from different hosts, clinical forms, and geographical regions. METHODS A total of seventy-one isolates were screened for LRV2 using semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. FINDINGS We detected LRV2 in two L. infantum isolates (CUR268 and HP-EMO) from canine and human cases, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of LRV2 in the New World.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230071

Application of electromagnetic induction and inversion modelling for 3D mapping of soil texture
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Farzamian, M.

; Paz, A.

; Castanheira, N.

; Ramos, T.

; Moreno, F. Martinez

; Rodríguez, M.

; Santos, F. Monteiro

; Alexandre, C.

; Vanderlinden, K.

; Gonçalves, M.C.

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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dec 2022, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 21 - 30

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Neste estudo, foi feito um ensaio num campo agrícola inserido no perímetro de rega do Roxo, no Alentejo, usando o sensor de indução eletromagnética DUALEM21, de forma a analisar o seu potencial no mapeamento 3D da textura do solo. Os dados da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (ECa), obtidos com o sensor, foram transformados utilizando um algoritmo de modelação inversa, Quasi-3D, para obter imagens da condutividade elétrica (EMCI) 3D da condutividade elétrica do solo (EC). Esta transformação é necessária, uma vez que ECa representa uma medição média, ponderada em profundidade, da EC e não a sua verdadeira variação com a profundidade. Analisou-se a relação linear entre a EC e a textura do solo, usando dados recolhidos em 13 pontos de amostragem, selecionados tendo em conta a variabilidade da ECa. Em cada ponto de amostragem foram colhidas amostras em três camadas até à profundidade de 0.6 m. Os resultados mostram que existe correlação significativa entre EC e a fração argila e entre EC e a fração areia (R2>0.6), sendo possível transformar as EMCI em mapas 3D do teor de argila e do teor de areia, até uma profundidade de 0.6 m.

Abstract Using a DUALEM21 sensor, we conducted electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys in an agricultural field in the Roxo irrigation perimeter in Alentejo, Portugal, to evaluate the potential of using this technique for 3D mapping of soil texture. We first processed apparent electrical conductivity data (ECa) and then used a Quasi-3D inversion algorithm in order to obtain 3D electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) of the actual bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC). This is because the ECa is a depth-weighted, average conductivity measurement and does not represent the actual EC variation with depth. Afterward, we evaluated the possibility of establishing a linear regression (LR) relationship between EC and soil texture collected from 13 soil sample locations at 3 layers to a depth of 0.60 m. We selected the locations for soil sampling based on the ECa variations. Our analysis showed that it is possible to establish a relatively good LR between EC and clay, and between EC and sand (R2>0.60), allowing us to convert EMCI into sand and clay content and generate sand and clay 3D maps down to 0.60 m depth.

https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.28368

MOTILITY AND MIGRATION OF NEMATODES IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS
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SILVA, IVIS ANDREI CAMPOS E

; PEDROSA, ELVIRA MARIA REGIS

; SILVA, ENIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E

; ROLIM, MARIO MONTEIRO

; VICENTE, THAIS FERNANDA DA SILVA

Revista Caatinga

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oct 2022, Volume 35 N. 4 Pages 865 - 876

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO - Os nematoides parasitas de plantas causam sérios prejuízos agrícolas no Nordeste brasileiro. Adicionalmente, a salinização do solo, especialmente na região semiárida do Nordeste é outro fator que limita a produtividade das culturas. Avaliou-se nesse estudo, a motilidade de Meloidogyne enterolobii e Pratylenchus coffeae, e, a migração vertical de P. coffeae em um Argissolo Amarelo sob condições salinas. A motilidade foi avaliada pela submissão de juvenis do segundo estádio de M. enterolobii e juvenis e adultos de P. coffeae em soluções salinas de NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 nas concentrações de 0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 M, e em solução mista (combinação entre os três sais na proporção 7:2:1) aos 2, 4, 6 e 8 dias de exposição. A migração de P. coffeae foi estudada em colunas segmentadas de 10 cm de comprimento e 4,40 cm de diâmetro interno, preenchidas com solo salino (mistura de NaCl, CaCl2 e MgCl2) e não salino cujas avaliações foram realizadas aos 2, 4 e 6 dias após a infestação do solo. A motilidade e quantidade de juvenis ativos de ambos nematoides reduziu com o aumento da concentração salina. A partir de 0,50 M não foi observada atividade de M. enterolobii em nenhum dos períodos de exposição a NaCl e CaCl2. O aumento das concentrações de NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 reduziu exponencialmente o número de P. coffeae ativos, sessando sua atividade a partir de 0,75 M. A migração vertical de P. coffeae no solo foi negativamente afetada pela salinidade, apresentando distribuição mais uniforme no solo não salino.

ABSTRACT Plant parasitic nematodes cause severe agricultural damage in Northeast Brazil. Additionally, soil salinization, especially in the semiarid region of the Northeast, is another factor that limits crop yield. The study evaluated the motility of Meloidogyne enterolobii and Pratylenchus coffeae, and the vertical migration of P. coffeae under saline conditions. Motility was assessed by submitting juveniles of the second stage of M. enterolobii and juveniles and adults of P. coffeae to saline solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 at concentrations of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 M, and in a mixed solution (combination of the three salts in a 7:2:1 ratio) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of exposure. The migration of P. coffeae was studied in segmented columns of 10 cm in length and 4.40 cm in internal diameter, filled with saline soil (mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2) and non-saline, whose evaluations were carried out at 2, 4, and 6 days after soil infestation. The motility and number of active juveniles of both nematodes reduced with increasing saline concentration. From 0.50 M, M. enterolobii activity was not observed in any of the exposure periods to NaCl and CaCl2. The increase in the concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 exponentially reduced the number of active P. coffeae, decreasing its activity from 0.75 M. The vertical migration of P. coffeae in the soil was negatively affected by salinity, presenting a more uniform distribution in the non-saline soil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n414rc

Development of an ethylometer with an MQ-3 sensor for measuring ethanol in soybean seeds
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Cavalcante, Jerffeson A.

; Gadotti, Gizele I.

; Silva, Augusto H. M. da

; Araújo, Ádamo de S.

; Monteiro, Rita de C. M.

; Moraes, Dario M. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2022, Volume 26 N. 5 Pages 374 - 380

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO No setor de produção de sementes, é imprescindível o uso de equipamentos rápidos e práticos que auxiliem nos processos de tomada de decisão. Assim, o uso de sensores que podem capturar informações para auxiliar na agricultura tem contribuído significativamente para o cultivo da soja em todo o mundo, sendo utilizado em diversas etapas, seja em pré ou pós-colheita. Objetivou-se desenvolver um protótipo de um etilômetro com sensor MQ-3 e avaliar seu tempo de estabilização quando utilizado em lotes de sementes de soja submetidos à hipóxia. A pesquisa foi realizada com 10 lotes de sementes de soja, oriundas de cinco cultivares (NS 8383 RR, SOY Peso RR, M 8372 IPRO, M8644 IPRO e M8808 IPRO), a qual foi dividida em duas etapas, a primeira correspondendo ao desenvolvimento do equipamento de aferição do etanol com o sensor MQ-3 e a segunda relacionada ao tempo de estabilização do sensor (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 e 30 s) em sementes de soja submetidas ao processo de anaerobiose. O equipamento, bem como o sensor MQ-3 apresentaram estabilidade de aferição média aos 16 s após seu acionamento, sendo recomendado esse tempo para o uso do etilômetro em sementes de soja. Por meio desse mesmo sensor MQ-3, é possível, com eficiência, a detecção de etanol presente no ar liberado por sementes de soja durante o processo de anaerobiose.

ABSTRACT In the seed production sector, it is essential to use fast and practical equipment to help decision-making processes. Thus, the use of sensors that can capture information to assist in agriculture has contributed significantly to soybean cultivation worldwide, being used in several stages, whether pre-harvest or post-harvest. Thus, this study aimed to develop a prototype of ethylometer with an MQ-3 sensor and to evaluate its stabilization time when used in soybean seed lots submitted to hypoxia. The research was carried out with 10 lots of soybean seeds from five cultivars (NS 8383 RR, SOY Peso RR, M 8372 IPRO, M8644 IPRO and M8808 IPRO) and was divided into two stages. The first one corresponds to the development of the ethanol measuring equipment with an MQ-3 sensor, and the second one to measurement of the sensor’s stabilization time (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 s) in soybean seeds submitted to anaerobiosis. The equipment and the MQ-3 sensor showed the stability of average measurement at 16 s after activation. This time is recommended for use of the ethylometer in soybean seeds. Through the MQ-3 sensor, it is possible to efficiently detect ethanol present in the air released by soy seeds during the anaerobic process.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n5p374-380

Moving far from water: unusual dispersal movement of the water opossum (Chironectes minimus: Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in central Brazil
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Mendonça, André Faria

; Vieira, Emerson Monteiro

Biota Neotropica

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2022, Volume 22 N. 1 elocation e20211301

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Deslocamentos incomuns realizados por um animal podem representar potencialmente um evento de dispersão. Grande parte dos mamíferos poligínicos ou promíscuos, apresentam uma maior frequência de machos jovens dispersando, e esses eventos ocorrem, principalmente, antes ou no início da estação reprodutiva. A cuíca d’água (Chironectes minimus), único marsupial adaptado à vida semiaquática, ocorre do México à Argentina. Tem sido descrito principalmente como uma espécie sensível à degradação de cursos d’água e matas ciliares, ocorrendo exclusivamente próximo aos cursos d’água. Desta forma, descrevemos aqui o primeiro registro do deslocamento de longa distância de uma cuíca d’água não associado à vegetação ribeirinha através de um ambiente seco. Capturamos um macho adulto saudável de C. minimus em julho de 2012 à margem de uma rodovia (DF-001) localizada a 1.100 m da mata de galeria mais próxima no Distrito Federal. A região é caracterizada por residências urbanas e suburbanas, pequenos fragmentos de cerrado sentido restrito e matas de galeria degradadas. Nosso registro singular pode ser um evento de dispersão através de ambientes secos antropizados, conforme observado para outros mamíferos semiaquáticos, o que, também, sugere que esta espécie é mais resistente a distúrbios antropogênicos do que descrito anteriormente. Além disso, as informações sobre os padrões de dispersão da cuíca d’água são escassas e podem contribuir para um entendimento mais profundo dos requisitos ecológicos desta espécie.

Abstract: Unusual movements of an animal can potentially represent a dispersal event. A higher frequency of young males dispersing is a pattern observed for most part of polygynous or promiscuous mammals with these dispersion events occurring, mainly, before or at the beginning of the breeding season. The water opossum (Chironectes minimus), the only marsupial adapted for semi-aquatic life, occurs from Mexico to Argentina and it has been mostly described as a sensitive species to river and riparian vegetation degradation, occurring exclusively near water curses. Here we describe the first record of long-distance movement of a water opossum not associated with riverine vegetation through dry land. We captured a healthy adult male of C. minimus in July 2012 beside of a highway (DF-001) located 1,100 m from nearest gallery forest in the Federal District. The region is characterized by urban and suburban residential, small fragments of typical savanna and degraded gallery forests. Our unique record could be an event of dispersion through degraded dry lands as observed for other semi-aquatic mammals and also suggests that this species is more resistant to anthropogenic disturbances than previously described. Also, information about dispersal patterns of water opossum is scarce and may contributes to a deeper understanding of ecological requirements of this species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1301

Conversion factor for size structure reconstruction and growth of Lophius gastrophysus Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 catches in the South Atlantic Ocean
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Silva, Arthur Tavares da

; Tubino, Rafael de Almeida

; Martins, Raquel Rennó Mascarenhas

; Monteiro-Neto, Cassiano

; Costa, Marcus Rodrigues da

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 elocation e22005

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Lophius gastrophysus is an exploited deep-sea demersal fishing resource in the Southeast-South region of Brazil, a capture target for the twin trawl multi-specific bottom trawling fleet. Considered a prized fish, it is commonly processed on board, retaining commercial cuts of the tail called colas. Thus it is difficult to recognize the original length of the specimens and, consequently, to assess the dynamics of sources and the impacts of catches. Individual length and weight data were used to generate body predictive models correlated to the monkfish cola. The parameters of growth, mortality and exploitation rate were also estimated from the size structure of Lophius gastrophysus captured by the industrial bottom trawling fleet in Southeast Brazil between May 2013 and April 2015, assessing monkfish stock based on indirect estimates of life history information. All predictive models of body size showed coefficients of determination above 0.9 (P <0.001), indicating good data adjustments. The growth parameters were determined by the minimum residual variance methodology, being: L∞ = 92.4 cm and k = 0.158/year. The size structure tended to increase with depth in the spring. Individuals under the age of sexual maturity contributed significantly to catches. The length of first sexual maturation was estimated at 48.6 cm and the recruitment age was between 6 and 7 years. The coefficients of total, natural, fishing and exploitation rates were estimated at: Z = 0.676; M = 0.241; F = 0.436 and E = 0.644. The fishing mortality rate was higher than the reference value (E > 0.50) indicating a state of overexploitation of the southeast most part of stock. A review of the current Brazilian legislation established for the species on the southeast coast is recommended.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.21063atds

10.

Estabelecimento de rota síntese da resina furfurílica em meio ácido visando minimizar a exotermia da reação
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Coimbra, Maria Claudia Ribeiro

; Rodrigues Brazil, Tayra

; Morgado, Guilherme Ferreira de Melo

; Ferreira Martins, Eduardo

; dos Anjos, Erick Gabriel Ribeiro

; Oyama, Isabela Monteiro Cesar

; de Souza Rodrigues, Jéssica

; Roberto Botaro, Vagner

; Stieven Montagna, Larissa

; Cerqueira Rezende, Mirabel

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2022, Volume 27 N. 3 elocation e20220054

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A resina furfurílica (RF) é uma bioresina obtida a partir do álcool furfurílico (AF), extraído de fontes renováveis. Essa resina quando curada apresenta excelentes características, como elevada dureza, estabilidade química e boa resistência mecânica, que viabilizam sua utilização em diferentes áreas, destacando-se os setores aeroespacial e de bioengenharia. No entanto, a sua utilização em larga escala ainda é limitada, devido ao difícil controle do seu processo de síntese, pois a reação de policondensação do AF é extremamente exotérmica. O presente trabalho visa contribuir com a área de síntese da RF, por meio do estudo de sua obtenção em meio ácido e em baixa temperatura (∼50 ºC), variando os tempos de reação (1, 2 e 3 h), visando um maior controle da exotermia do meio reacional. O sucesso das sínteses realizadas foi comprovado por análises de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, que evidenciaram a presença de cetonas e estruturas de acordo com Diels-Alder e de Dunlop e Peters. Medidas de viscosidade apresentaram baixos valores (230 a 470 mPa.s), os quais são concordantes com as baixas massas molares obtidas por cromatografia de permeação em gel ( M ¯ w: ∼800 g/mol). Esses resultados mostram que as condições de síntese utilizadas desfavoreceram cineticamente o avanço da reação; porém, não promoveram picos exotérmicos. As análises termogravimétricas (TGA) das RFs curadas com ácido p-toluenosulfônico (2 e 3%, m/m) mostraram perdas de massa desde o início da análise, devido à presença de água e de frações de baixa massa molar na amostra. Esses resultados são concordantes com as imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, que mostraram um elevado volume de poros. Resultados relevantes foram observados nas análises de TGA sob atmosfera inerte, com valores elevados de carbono fixo (50–60%), indicando o potencial uso das RFs sintetizadas na área de materiais carbonosos.

ABSTRACT Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a bioresin obtained from furfuryl alcohol (FA) extracted from renewable sources. This resin, when cured, has excellent characteristics, such as high hardness, chemical stability, and good mechanical resistance, which make its use in different areas viable, especially in the aerospace and bioengineering sectors. However, its use on a large scale is still limited due to the difficult control of its synthesis process since the polycondensation reaction of FA is extremely exothermic. The present work aims to contribute to the area of PFA synthesis, through the study of its obtainment in acidic medium and at low temperature (∼50 ºC), varying the reaction times (1, 2, and 3 h), aiming at greater control of the exothermy of the reaction medium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the syntheses success, which showed the presence of ketones and structures according to Diels-Alder and the Dunlop and Peters. Viscosity measurements showed low values (230 to 470 mPa.s), which are in agreement with the low molar masses obtained by gel permeation chromatography ( M ¯ w: ∼800 g/mol). These results show that the synthesis conditions used kinetically unfavored the progress of the reaction but avoided exothermic peaks. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PFAs cured with p-toluenesulfonic acid (2 and 3%, w/w) showed mass losses since the beginning of the analysis due to the presence of water and low molar mass fractions in the sample. These data agree with the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy, which showed a high volume of pores. Relevant results were observed in the TGA analysis under an inert atmosphere, with high values of carbon yield (50–60%), indicating the potential use of synthesized PFAs in the area of carbon materials.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2022-0054

11.

Population Structure of the Atlantic Seabob Shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) Based on Geometric Morphometrics
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Tavares, C

; Sicuro, F. L

; Piergiorge, R. M

; Vilasboa, A

; Morelli, K. A

; Monteiro, F. A

; Costa-Paiva, E. M

; Gusmão, J

International Journal of Morphology

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dec 2021, Volume 39 N. 6 Pages 1609 - 1614

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: In 2004, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, one of major species in commercial fisheries in Brazil was included in the list of brazilian overfished species and, in 2006, two cryptic species were identified in the Atlantic Ocean by molecular approaches: Xiphopenaeus sp. I and II. In 2019, Carvalho-Batista et al. described both Xiphopenaeus sp. I and Xiphopenaeus sp. II and these species were named X. kroyeri and X. dincao, respectively. This study aimed at performing morphometric analysis in order to identify potential fishing stocks of X. kroyeri sensu strictum along Brazilian coast. The results obtained separate Caravelas, Atafona and Balneário Camboriú from all the other populations studied and showed three groups: Ubatuba, Nova Almeida; Ubatuba, Cananéia; Ubatuba, Santos. These results indicate that the maritime limits practiced in closed seasons along Brazil are embracing the detected morphometric stock boundaries observed for Xiphopenaeus kroyeris.s.

RESUMEN: En 2004, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, una de las principales especies de la pesca comercial en Brasil, fue incluida en la lista de especies brasileñas sobre explotadas y, en 2006, se identificaron dos especies crípticas en el Océano Atlántico mediante enfoques moleculares: Xiphopenaeus sp. I y II. En 2019, Carvalho-Batista et al. describieron tanto Xiphopenaeus sp. I y Xiphopenaeus sp. II y a estas especies denominaron X. kroyeri y X. dincao, respectivamente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis morfométrico con el fin de identificar posibles poblaciones de pesca de X. kroyeri sensu strictum a lo largo de la costa brasileña. Los resultados obtenidos en Caravelas, Atafona y Balneário Camboriú se separaron de todas las demás poblaciones estudiadas y mostraron tres grupos: Ubatuba, Nova Almeida; Ubatuba, Cananéia; Ubatuba, Santos. Estos resultados indican que los límites marítimos practicados en temporadas de veda a lo largo de Brasil están abarcando los límites de stock morfométricos observados para Xiphopenaeus kroyeris.s.

51 downloads

12.

Key factors affecting succession in upper montane forest areas of "Planalto Sul Catarinense" Region, Brazil
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Duarte, Edilaine

; Higuchi, Pedro

; da Silva, Ana Carolina

; Lopes da Costa Guerra Sobral, Marcos Eduardo

; Bortoluzzi, Roseli

; de Almeida, Jaime Antonio

; Larsen, Janaina Gabriela

; Pizutti Dallabrida, Juliana

; Monteiro Muzeka, Luran

; Thalheimer de Aguiar, Jéssica

; Cuchi, Tarik

Bosque (Valdivia)

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2021, Volume 42 N. 3 Pages 353 - 364

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: The understanding of the succession process is a fundamental condition in defining strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of forest ecosystems. Therefore, we aimed at testing which ecological factors affect short-term successional changes in the upper-montane forests of the “Planalto Sul Catarinense” Region, Brazil. We evaluated the influence of propagules source, soil seed bank, edaphic and topographic variables, nucleating elements and natural regeneration floristic-structural composition on demographic rates of tree-shrub regenerating component in three disturbed open vegetation areas at São Joaquim National Park. We inventoried the regenerative component in 2014, 2015 and 2016, within one 20x100 m transect in each area. Afterwards, demographic rates were determined for each period. The influence of explicative variables on demographic rates of the regenerating component was tested through the Generalized Least Square (GLS) model. We found an increment in both individuals and richness over time. When analyzing the influence of the explanatory variables on the speed of the successional process, we observed that only the floristic-structural composition of the natural regeneration was determinant. We conclude that the speed of the represented succession is, to a large extent, a feature related to the phase of the successional trajectory in which the vegetation is found.

RESUMEN: Se busca evaluar los factores ecológicos que afectan los cambios sucesionales en los bosques de la alta montaña de la región "Planalto Sul Catarinense", Brasil. Se analizó la influencia de la fuente de propágulos, banco de semillas del suelo, variables edáficas y topográficas, elementos nucleadores y composición florístico-estructural de la regeneración natural en las tasas demográficas del componente de regeneración de árboles y arbustos en tres áreas de vegetación abierta perturbada en el Parque Nacional Nacional de São Joaquim. Se inventarió el componente regenerativo en 2014, 2015 y 2016, dentro de un transecto de 20x100 m en cada área. Entonces, se determinó las tasas demográficas para cada período. La influencia de las variables explicativas en las tasas demográficas del componente de regeneración se evaluó mediante el modelo de mínimos cuadrados generalizados (GLS). Se encontró un incremento tanto en los individuos como en la riqueza a lo largo del tiempo. Al analizar la influencia de las variables explicativas sobre la velocidad del proceso sucesorio, se observó que solo la composición florístico-estructural de la regeneración natural fue determinante. Por lo tanto, se puede inferir que la velocidad de sucesión representa una característica inherente a la fase sucesional de la vegetación. Se concluye que el proceso de sucesión se desarrolló de forma diferente entre áreas, con el pastizal presentando un proceso de invasión leñosa.

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13.

COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR in alternative specimens
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Gonçalves, Cássia Cristina Alves

; Barroso, Shana Priscila Coutinho

; Herlinger, Alice Laschuk

; Galliez, Rafael de Mello

; de Almeida, Tailah Bernardo

; Boullosa, Lidia Theodoro

; Nascimento, Erica Ramos dos Santos

; de Almeida, Jessica M

; da Costa, Raissa Mirella dos Santos Cunha

; da Paixão, Tatiana Monteiro

; Couceiro, José Nelson dos Santos Silva

; Frauches, Thiago Silva

; de Souza Jr, Wilson Rodrigues

; Costa, Andréa Ribeiro

; Faffe, Débora Souza

; Leitão, Isabela de Carvalho

; da Silva, Bianca Ortiz

; de Lira, Guilherme Sant’Anna

; de Almeida, Isabela Labarba Carvalho

; Ferreira Jr, Orlando da Costa

; Castiñeiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto

; Mariani, Diana

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e210085

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The high demand for adequate material for the gold standard reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based diagnosis imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, combined with the inherent contamination risks for healthcare workers during nasopharyngeal swab (NP) sample collection and the discomfort it causes patients, brought the need to identify alternative specimens suitable for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to compare saliva and gingival fluid swabs to NP swabs as specimens for RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. METHODS We compared gingival fluid swabs (n = 158) and saliva (n = 207) to the rayon-tipped NP swabs obtained from mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as specimens for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. FINDINGS When compared to NP swabs, gingival fluid swabs had a concordance rate of 15.4% among positive samples, zero among inconclusive, and 100% among negative ones. For saliva samples, the concordance rate was 67.6% among positive samples, 42.9% among inconclusive, and 96.8% among negative ones. However, the concordance rate between saliva and NP swabs was higher (96.9%) within samples with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (Ct > 10 ≤ 25). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that whereas gingival fluid swabs are not substitutes for NP swabs, saliva might be considered whenever NP swabs are not available or recommended.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760210085 205 downloads

14.

Lumber Potential of Tropical Species in a Mixed Plantation:Assessment at 50 Months
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Junqueira, Amanda Arantes

; Santos, Glaycianne Christine Vieira dos

; Neves Junior, Osmar de Freitas

; Silva, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da

; Batista, Djeison Cesar

; Carvalho, Alexandre Monteiro de

Floresta e Ambiente

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2021, Volume 28 N. 3 elocation e20210012

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The use of tropical species in forest plantations is an alternative to supply the demand of good quality wood. However, information regarding the performance of planted tropical species is scarce. The aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the lumber potential of Cariniana legalis (“jequitibá-rosa”), Zeyheria tuberculosa (“ipê-felpudo”) and Cordia trichotoma (“louro-pardo”) in a forest plantation. Three trees per species were sampled at age of 50 months, planted in a mixed stand with 2 x 4 m spacing in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. We assessed characteristics of the trees, the logs, lumber yield, and partial volumetric shrinkage of wood. Total volumetric shrinkage of ipê-felpudo, jequitibá-rosa and louro-pardo would be around 12.80%, 13.40% and 11.58%, respectively. Among the three species analyzed, louro-pardo had the best performance, followed by ipê-felpudo, while jequitibá-rosa had the worst performance. All species had good performance regarding log quality and dimensional stability of wood.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0012 96 downloads

15.

Fortalecer as atividades de informação e vigilância epidemiológica é essencial e urgente para reduzir a força de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2
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Teixeira, Maria Glória

; Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo

; Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar

; Almeida, Rosa Lívia Freitas de

; Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Albuquerque, Maria de Fátima Militão de

; Aquino, Estela M L

; Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro

; Carmo, Eduardo Hage

; Medronho, Roberto Andrade

; Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de

; Henriques, Claudio Maierovitch Pessanha

; Kendall, Carl

; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

; Almeida Filho, Naomar Monteiro

; Souza, Wayner Vieira de

; Veras, Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena

; Penna, Gerson Oliveira

; Silva, Gulnar Azevedo e

; Brandão Filho, Sinval Pinto

; Barreto, Maurício Lima

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2021, Volume 24 elocation e210049

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210049 69 downloads

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