Nematodes are considered one of the most difficult organisms to identify due to their microscopic size, morphological similarity, limited number of distinguishable taxonomic characters and overlapping morphometric measurements. However, there are few trained nematode taxonomists remaining, primarily due to retirement without replacement and/or young scientists' lack of interest in classical taxonomy. Due to the continuing decline in classical taxonomic expertise of many taxa including Nematoda, there is an increasing reliance on developing molecular-based diagnostic protocols to identify pests and pathogens. To improve the resolution and reliability of nematode phylogenetic and diagnostic studies, they should ideally combine morphological with molecular data. However, few of the published studies have compared phylogenetic trees derived from morphological/morphometric characters with those derived from molecular data. Furthermore, nematode sequences deposited in public databases should have an identification based on morphological and morphometrical characters ascertained by a trained taxonomist. Nevertheless, molecular diagnostics do offer new opportunities in Nematology, such as improving the capacity to deal with large numbers of samples or with species mixtures which have previously been impractical. In conclusion, a balanced molecular and morphological taxonomic approach is required as proposed by the integrative taxonomy concept. Classical taxonomy and molecular diagnostics should be considered as complementary.

Relata-se a ocorrência do nematóide das lesões radiculares, Pratylenchus penetrans em alcachofra no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A estimativa da densidade populacional foi 224 espécimes no solo (250cm³) e 720 nas raízes (10g). As plantas atacadas mostravam-se com crescimento reduzido

It is reported the occurrence of lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans on artichoke in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The population density estimated was 224 specimens in the soil (250cm³) and 720 in the roots (10g). Attacked plants showed growth reduction.

Os nematóides Radopholus similis e Helicotylenchus multicinctus são importantes inimigos da bananicultura no Brasil e alhures. Afim de verificar a susceptibilidade dos cultivares Prata e Mysore à infestação pelos mesmos, foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura, em Cruz das Almas, BA. Os dois cultivares se revelaram tolerantes aos dois nematóides, sendo a sua reprodução menor nestas bananeiras do que em plantas do cultivar nanicão, referido como testemunha. Prate revelou-se o pior hospedeiro.

Two field trials were performed at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura (Cruz das Almas, Ba), to study the susceptibility of two banana cultivars (Prata and Mysore) to the nematodes Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. Both cultivars showed to be tolerant hosts to both nematodes, their reproduction being lower in these banana plants than in Nanicão cultivar. Prata was a host worst than Mysore. Nanicão is referred to as a check cultivar.

Resumo Nesta segunda etapa do levantamento taxonómico dos nematóides da região amazônica os autores apresentam os nematóides parasitas e os de vida livre associados às raízes e/ou rizosferas da pimenta-do-reino e do cacaueiro, em município do Estado do Pará. Um total de 6 gêneros e 10 espécies de nematóides parasitas e 15 gêneros de nematóides de vida livre foram catalogados A maioria dos gêneros e espécies identificadas é, pela primeira vez, encontrada em associação a estas duas culturas na Amazônia.

Summary In this second part of the taxonomic survey of nematodes is the Amazon Regios the authors show the plant — parasitic and free — living nematodes associated with black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.) in the State of Pará. A total of 6 genera and 10 species of plant — parasitic nematodes and 15 genera of free — living nematodes were characterized. Most of them has never been found associated to those plants in the Amazon Region before.

Malenchus piauhyensis, espécie nova para a Ciência, é descrita e figurada, com base em duas fêmeas obtidas de solo ao redor de raízes de limão cravo (Citrus limonia) no município de Campo Maior, Estado do Piaui, Brasil.

Malenchus piauhyensis n. sp. from soil around lemon (Citrus limonia) roots cultivated in Campo Maior, State of Piaui, Brazil is described and figured. Males are unknown. It differs from Malenchus machadoi (Andrássy, 1963) Andrássy, 1968 and Malenchus acarayensis Andrássy, 1968 in having longer tail, slender body and anteriorly located vulva. In addition it can be distinguished from M. machadoi in having shorter spear (7.0:10.5-12.5 microns) and differently shaped lip region. From M. acarayensis it also differs in having longer body (0.47-0.51: 0.33-0.37 mm).

As descrições e algumas das observações sobre Dorylaimoidea primeiramente apresentadas em uma publicação particular de uma tese de doutoramento nao amplamente distribuida são repetidas neste trabalho.

The descriptions and some of the observations on Dory laimoidea previously reported in a privately published doctoral thesis not widely distributed are presented again in this paper.