Many of the petitions that the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights receives from individuals are subjected to inadmissibility objections raised by the respondent state. Such objections are most frequently raised in respect of the exhaustion of domestic remedies rule. In the Diakité case, the Court was called upon to rule on the petition of a Malian couple who, after being the victim of burglary, had filed a complaint with the Public Prosecutor's Office. Disappointed by the slow progress in the case, the victims applied to the African Court. Can it be said that before the exercise of this right to individual petition before the African Court, the applicants had exhausted domestic remedies? The Court declared the application inadmissible for non-exhaustion of domestic remedies. In this judgment, the African Court protects an important procedural guarantee provided for under the African Charter. This judgment attests to the implacability of the rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies even if the Court is more inclined to analyse it in favour of individuals' access to international justice

Objective: To explore the role of personality traits in at-risk drinking and current cannabis use among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 707 medical students from two universities. Multiple logistic regression models for at-risk drinking and current cannabis use were constructed including sociodemographic, psychiatric, and personality variables. Results: At-risk drinking and current cannabis use were reported by 19.3% and 14.9% of participants, respectively. Models including Big Five measures showed associations of at-risk drinking with higher extraversion (p < 0.00001, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.9) and lower conscientiousness (p = 0.00001, AOR = 0.5); cannabis use was also associated with lower conscientiousness (p = 0.003, AOR = 0.6), besides higher openness to experience (p = 0.002, AOR = 1.9). Models including measures of the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems scales (BIS/BAS) showed associations of at-risk drinking with lower BIS (p = 0.002, AOR = 0.9) and higher BAS fun-seeking (p = 0.0005, AOR = 1.2); cannabis use was also associated with higher BAS fun-seeking (p = 0.008, AOR = 1.2). Personality variables had modest effects on model fit. Conclusion: Specific personality traits were independently associated with at-risk drinking and current cannabis use, albeit with modest effect sizes.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos morfológicos do proventrículo e ventrículo gástrico de Crypturellus parvirostris (inhambú-chororó). Foram utilizados dois animais machos, adultos, com uma média de peso de 939 g ± 12,7 procedentes da região de Araguaína-TO. Após a captura, os animais foram eutanasiados por meio da aplicação de tiopental sódico a 2,5%, por via intravenosa, até que o coma barbitúrico fosse atingido. Posteriormente foram necropsiados, tendo seus órgãos avaliados morfologicamente. Os aspectos anátomo-histológicos do proventrículo e ventrículo gástrico de C. parvirostris assemelham-se aos dos demais tinamídeos, porém há carência em dados morfológicos relacionados à família Tinamidae.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the proventriculus and gastric ventricle of Crypturellus parvirostris. Two adult males were used, with a mean weight of 939 ± 12.7 g, from the region of Araguaína, State of Tocantins. After capture, the birds were euthanized through intravenous application of 2.5% sodium thiopental until barbiturate coma was attained. Then, they were necropsied and their organs and viscera were evaluated morphologically. The anatomical and histological characteristics of the proventriculus and gastric ventricle of C. parvirostris were similar to those of other tinamid species, but there is a lack of morphological data related to the family Tinamidae.

Relatou-se um caso de fibrossarcoma localizado na uretra média de uma cadela, sem raça definida, que apresentava sinais de polaquiúria, estrangúria e hematúria no início da micção. O animal também apresentava poliúria, polidipsia, êmese e anorexia há dois dias. Os exames complementares levaram ao diagnóstico de hidronefrose bilateral, hipoplasia renal direita e massa em uretra causando dilatação dorsal de sua porção média. A biópsia não foi realizada antemortem devido ao estado geral do paciente, que, mesmo com a instituição de tratamento para doença renal crônica, não apresentou progresso. A uretrocistografia retrógrada e a histologia foram os exames decisivos para detectar o fibrossarcoma uretral. A ultrassonografia e a citologia por sondagem traumática não foram conclusivos, devido ao fato de a massa apresentar-se em região media de uretra e o caráter pouco esfoliativo da neoplasia.

A case of fibrosarcoma located at medium portion of the urethra of a female dog which presented pollakiuria, estranguria and hematuria at the beginning of urination was reported. The patient also presented polyuria, polydipsia, emesis and anorexia for two days. The complementary exams lead to the diagnosis of bilateral hydronephrosis, right renal hypoplasy and a mass in the urethra causing a dorsal dilatation at its medium portion. A biopsy was not performed antemortem because the general condition of the patient, which even with the institution of treatment for chronic kidney disease, showed no progress. The retrograde cystourethrography and histopathology examinations were decisive to detect urethral fibrosarcoma. Ultrasonography and cytology through traumatic probe were inconclusive, due to the mass location and its exfoliating properties.

Onze cães, sem raça definida, machos, adultos, não castrados e hígidos foram submetidos à punção aspirativa com agulha fina da próstata guiada por ultrassom para avaliação citológica e, após um período mínimo de sete dias, à videolaparoscopia para obtenção de fragmento prostático para avaliação histológica. Nos exames citológicos, dois animais apresentaram alterações celulares compatíveis com hiperplasia prostática benigna. Durante a videolaparoscopia, a colheita do fragmento prostático foi realizada de maneira rápida, não sendo observada hemorragia significativa após o procedimento. Os animais não apresentaram nenhuma complicação no período pós-operatório. Verificaram-se, ao exame histológico, morfologia e estrutura celulares e teciduais nos padrões normais do parênquima prostático em 10 animais; um único cão apresentou alterações celulares e teciduais sugestivas de hiperplasia prostática benigna.

Eleven healthy intact male mongrel dogs were submitted to prostate ultrasound fine needle aspirative puncture for cytologic exam and, after seven days or more, to videolaparoscopic fragment collection for further histologic evaluation. On cytologic exams, two animals presented changes which correlates with benign prostatic hyperplasia. During the videolaparoscopic proceedings, the prostate fragment collections were made in a quick way and no important hemorrhagic lost has been seen after the collection. The animals presented no complication after the surgeries. The histologic exams showed normal prostate parenchyma based on the cellular and tissue morphology and structure in ten dogs; only one presented cellular and tissue changes suggesting benign prostatic hyperplasia.