Abstract Background Fatty acids are important components of diet that may influence the development of CVD. Objective To verify the relationship of dietary fatty acids with cardiometabolic markers in individuals at the cardiometabolic risk. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 282 subjects (116 M/166 F, 42 ± 16 years) attended the Cardiovascular Health Care Program, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil). Anthropometric and body composition measurements as well as metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed by standard procedures. Demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained by semi-structured questionnaire. Food consumption was evaluated by 24h recall. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney-U test and chi-square test were used, considering the statistical significance level of 5% probability. Results Individuals who eaten fat, fatty acids saturated and fatty acids polyunsaturated above recommendation (> 35, 7%, and 10% of caloric intake) were more likely to be overweight (p < 0.05). Those individuals with higher intake of medium-chain fatty saturated acids (≥ 1.05 g/d) had lower values (p < 0.05) of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio and higher values (p < 0.05) of total leukocytes, C-reactive protein and total cholesterol, and LDL. Subjects with higher of palmitoleic acid intake (≥ 0.94 g/d) presented higher values of BMI, fat percentage and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). Conclusion This cross-sectional study found different associations of dietary fat and cardiometabolic risk related to adiposity and inflammatory markers, according with chain-size and saturation, indicating the need the more detailed on the dietary assessment of obese patients to identify risk factors and established best strategies to control. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Foram estudados os efeitos da suplementação com proteinados sobre a degradabilidade da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido (FDN e FDA) em bovinos de corte em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Foram utilizados quatro bovinos Nelore com 395 ± 9 kg, fistulados no rúmen para avaliação da degradabilidade e da cinética da fase líquida e das partículas. Dois bovinos com fístulas esofagianas foram usados para a colheita de extrusas. Suplementos com 50, 40 e 30% de proteína bruta (PB) foram fornecidos na proporção de 400 g/animal/dia em comparação à suplementação controle, com apenas sal mineral. A oferta de suplemento proteinado não influenciou a degradabilidade potencial da MS, PB e FDN, mas promoveu aumento de 36,85% para 48,97% na degradabilidade efetiva da MS e de 22,06% para 30,05% na degradabilidade da FDN. Os suplementos com 40 e 30% de proteína bruta foram superiores ao controle, pois promoveram maior degradabilidade efetiva da PB e maiores taxas de saída das partículas. A taxa de passagem da fase líquida foi 11,4% maior nos animais que receberam os suplementos em relação aos do grupo controle. A degradabilidade efetiva da FDA não foi afetada pelo consumo dos suplementos e variou de 12,19% (controle) a 16,75% (suplemento com 30% de PB). Os resultados deste estudo mostram a importância da suplementação protéica para animais em pastagem de baixa qualidade e também do nível de N dos suplementos.

The effects of protein supplementation on degradability of dry mattter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were evaluated in beef cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu. It was used four Nelore steers (395 ± 9 kg) fitted with ruminal cannula to evaluate kinetics and degradability of the liquid phase and of the particles. Forage samples were collected in other two steers with esophageal cannula. Supplements with 50, 40, and 30% of crude protein (CP) were given at the proportion of 400 g/animal/day when compared to control suplementation with only salt and mineral. The offer of protein supplement did not change potential degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber but promoted an increase from 36.85% to 48.97% on effective degratability of dry matter and from 22.06% to 30.05% on neutral detergent fiber degradability. Supplements with 40 and 30% of crude protein were higher than the control because they promoted higher efffective degradability of crude protein and higher particle exit rates. The liquid passage rate was 11.4% higher for the animals which received supplementation when compared to the control. The effective degradability of ADF was not affect by consumption and it ranged from 12.19% (control) to 16.75% (supplement with 30% of crude protein). The results of this work show the importance of protein supplementation to animals on pasture of low quality and also the N level of the supplements.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de nitrogênio de suplementos proteicos sobre as concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) e o pH em bovinos de corte em pastagem de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu). Foram realizadas estimativas da síntese microbiana, do aporte de proteína nãodegradável no rúmen (PNDR) e proteína endógena e das suas contribuições no pool de proteína metabolizável (PM). Quatro bovinos Nelore com 395 ± 9 kg, fistulados no rúmen, foram utilizados nas medidas dos parâmetros ruminais e nas avaliações da degradabilidade, da cinética ruminal e das estimativas de síntese microbiana em um delineamento quadrado latino 4 ×4. Suplementos com 30, 40 ou 50% de proteína bruta (PB) foram fornecidos na quantidade de 400 g/animal.dia para comparação a um grupo controle, sem suplementação proteica. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu, distribuídos em quatro piquetes com área de 1,0 ha cada, com oferta do suplemento e retirada das sobras, realizada diariamente. As concentrações de N-NH3 nos animais que receberam o suplemento com 50% PB foram superiores às observadas naqueles sob suplementação com 40% PB e no grupo controle, mas foram semelhantes às observadas no grupo sob suplementação com 30% PB. As concentrações de AGV no grupo sob suplementação com 30% PB foram superiores às observadas no grupo controle e semelhantes às obtidas com suplementação com 40 e 50% PB. O pH não diferiu entre os grupos. A estimativa de oferta de proteína microbiana e de PNDR foi maior para os animais sob suplementação com proteína em relação à observada no grupo controle.

The effects of nitrogen levels of protein supplements were evaluated on the concentrations of ammonical nitrogen (N-NH3), volatile fatty acids (VFA's) concentrations and pH in beef cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The microbial protein synthesis, ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) and endogenous crude protein (ECP) and their contributions to the pool of metabolizable protein (MP). Four Nelore steer, 395 ± 9 kg, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were used to evaluate ruminal parameters, degradability, ruminal kinetics and microbial synthesis in a 4 ×4 Latin square design. The animals were supplied with 400g/head/day of supplements containing 30, 40, and 50% crude protein (CP) for comparison with a control group without protein supplementation (C). The animals grazed Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, distributed in four one-hectare paddocks where the supplements were offered and the orts removed daily. The N-NH3 levels in the animals that received 50% CP were higher than those observed in animals receiving 40% CP and C, but were similar to the levels observed in the animals supplemented with 30% CP. The VFA concentrations in the group supplemented with 30% PB were higher than the control treatment (C) and similar to those obtained with 40 and 50% CP supplementation. The pH did not differ among the groups. The microbial synthesis and RUP were greater for the animals that received protein supplementation compared to the control treatment.