ABSTRACT Increased production of agro-industrial waste is a global concern, requiring proper disposal. In this sense, they can represent alternative sources for substrate production, adding value to the materials and reducing the cost of seedlings in the nursery. However, their proportions in the mixture should be adequate for better use of water and nutrients, ensuring better seedling quality. The objective of this study was to identify the potential of rice husk and peach kernel residue, as a secondary substrate component, for the production of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The carbonated (CRH), hydrolyzed (HRH) rice husk and crushed peach kernel (CPK) were added at 0, 10, 20 and 30% to an organic substrate. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and correlation analysis between the variables of the substrates and the morphological and physiological attributes. The results indicated that the HRH and CPK can add value to the agro-industrial residue when mixed to the organic compound in proportions of 20 and 10%, respectively, being adequate and compatible with the use of CRH in the proportion of up to 30%. Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, after 90 days of cultivation, presented quality to be hardened and dispatched when grown on organic compound substrates with up to 30% CRH, 20% HRH and 10% CPK.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination potential of Matayba elaeagnoides seeds, identifying the best substrate for laboratory analysis and to determine seedling emergence and growth under different shade levels in the nursery. Different substrates (paper roll, between and on blotting paper, and on sand or vermiculite) were evaluated in the germination test and different shade levels (0, 30, 50 and 75%) were tested in the nursery. No differences were found between the substrates for seed germination, however, the highest germination percentage was observed when using paper roll (70%). The 30, 50 and 75% shading intensities positively influenced Matayba elaegnoides seedling emergence, however, the best performance in nursery growth was observed under 75% shade presenting seedlings with better standard and quality.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes substratos na germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de Luehea divaricata. O estudo foi realizado no Viveiro Florestal, DCFL, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS. Os frutos foram coletados de oito árvores matrizes, no Morro do Cerrito, Santa Maria, em julho de 2010. Após o beneficiamento, as sementes permaneceram armazenadas em câmara fria, dentro de sacos de papel, por 4 meses, para o estudo de emergência de plântulas, e por 7 meses para a avaliação da germinação de sementes. Foram avaliados cinco substratos para germinação (T1: Rolo de papel; T2: Sobre papel mata-borrão; T3: Entre papel mata-borrão; T4: Sobre areia; T5: Sobre vermiculita) com quatro repetições, e quatro tratamentos para emergência (T1: 100% turfa; T2: 80% turfa e 20% casca de arroz carbonizada; T3: 60% turfa e 40% casca de arroz carbonizada; T4: 40% turfa e 60% casca de arroz carbonizada) com cinco repetições. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Foram analisadas as variáveis germinação (G), índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e tempo médio de germinação (TMG) em laboratório e, para emergência, foi analisado o percentual de emergência (E), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e tempo médio de emergência (TME) em viveiro. O início da germinação ocorreu no 6° dia, podendo a primeira contagem ser realizada aos 18 dias e as avaliações serem encerradas aos 35 dias após a instalação do experimento. Além disso, o substrato sobre vermiculita (T5) apresentou os percentuais mais altos de G e IVG, correspondendo a 42% e 0,678, respectivamente, enquanto que o T2 apresentou o menor TMG (14,80 dias). A emergência de plântulas teve início aos 21 dias após a semeadura, sendo finalizada aos 70 dias. Os tratamentos T1 e T2 apresentaram os maiores valores de E, 84,37%, 91,87%, respectivamente, diferindo estatisticamente de T3 e T4. Além disso, o tratamento T2 também apresentou os melhores valores de IVE (0,98) e TME (33,54 dias). Portanto, para germinação de sementes é indicado o substrato sobre vermiculita, e para emergência de plântulas, os substratos 100% turfa e a mistura de 80% turfa e 20% casca de arroz carbonizada.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate different substrates on seed germination and seedling emergence of Luehea divaricata. The study was conducted at the Viveiro Florestal, DCFL, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. The fruits were collected from eight mother trees in the Morro Cerrito, Santa Maria, in July 2010. After processing, the seeds were stored in cold storage in paper bags for 4 months for the study of emergence, and 7 months for the evaluation of seed germination. Five substrates were evaluated for germination (T1: Roll paper, T2: On blotting paper, T3: Between blotting paper, T4: On sand: T5: On vermiculite) with four replications and four treatments for emergency (T1 : 100% peat, T2: 80% peat and 20% carbonized rice husk, T3: 60% peat and 40% carbonized rice husk, T4: 40% peat and 60% carbonized rice husk) with five replicates. We used a randomized experimental design. Analyzed variables were: germination (G), germination speed index (GSI) and mean time to germination (TMG) in the laboratory, and emergence was analyzed by the percentage of emergency (E), speed of emergence index (SEI) and mean emergence time (TME) in the nursery. The onset of germination occurred on the 6th day, the first count could be performed at 18 days, and assessments closed 35 days after the experiment. Moreover, the substrate over vermiculite (T5) had the highest percentage of G and IVG, corresponding to 42% and 0,678, respectively, while that T2 had the lowest TMG (14.80 days). The seedling emergence began at 21 days after sowing, being terminated at 70 days. The T1 and T2 showed the highest values of E, 84.37%, 91.87%, respectively, differing from T3 and T4. Furthermore, treatment T2 also showed the higher values of IVE (0.98) and TME (33.54 days). Therefore, the substrate vermiculite is indicated for seeds germination, and for seedling emergence, the substrates 100% peat and the mixture of 80% peat and 20% carbonized rice husk.