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Ketamine-butorphanol-medetomidine for the immobilisation of free-living hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)
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Roug, A

; Meyer, L

; Netshitavhadulu, L

; Leiberich, M

; Buss, P

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

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2024, Volume 95 N. 1 Pages 35 - 42

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Free-ranging spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are immobilised for a variety of purposes, including wildlife-human conflict mitigation, research, and veterinary treatment. Combinations of tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil) and medetomidine are commonly used for immobilisation of hyenas, however, recovery times are long. In this descriptive study, a total of 20 adult or subadult free-ranging hyenas were immobilised near Skukuza in the Kruger National Park using ketamine, butorphanol, and medetomidine. The goal of the study was to evaluate a suitable dose and measure cardiorespiratory effects of this combination. The quality of induction and recovery were scored using an established scoring system from 1 (excellent) to (poor). Twelve of the 20 hyenas were given an induction score of 1 (excellent), five an induction score of 2 (good), and three an induction score of 3 (fair). Of the animals with induction score = 1, the mean drug dose was 1.17 mg/kg ketamine, 0.25 mg/kg butorphanol and 0.03 mg/kg medetomidine, and the mean induction time and time to handling 6:25 minutes and 9:46 minutes respectively. The mean recovery time (from reversal to standing) was 10:16 min, which is shorter than what has been reported for tiletamine-zolazepam-based combinations in hyenas. Most hyenas were bradycardic (< 40 beats per minute) and the mean PaO2 69.5 mmHg. Three hyenas, one with induction score = 2, and two with induction scores = 3 spontaneously recovered at 33, 44 and 56 minutes post approach respectively. Regardless of induction time, all hyenas reached a level of surgical anaesthesia while immobilised. Overall, ketamine-butorphanol-medetomidine (KBM) was effective in immobilising hyenas but induction times varied, and animals were bradycardic during immobilisation.

https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.572

Determinación del bienestar animal en equinos de tracción a sangre en barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina
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Vargas, P. A.

; García, E. N.

; Pared, V. E.

; Meyer, S. N.

; Calderón Sadlovsky, S.

; Benítez, J. S.

Revista veterinaria

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oct 2023, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 7 - 12

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. 22. In many cities of Argentina, equine-drawn carts represent an economic livelihood for low-income families. These equines are generally in inadequate physical condition, which results in a sub-optimal performance and a serious detriment to their welfare. The aim of the present work was to determine the animal welfare state of working equines in peripheral neighborhoods of the City of Corrientes Capital, Argentina, using direct and indirect indicators. The population (n=42) presented an average age of 6.8 years and within it a 60% were stallions. Forty five percent of the animals presented suboptimal nutritional status, 43% of the cases presented oral alterations, 67% had skin lesions and 74% had inadequate hoof conditions. Almost all of the animals were alert to the approach of the observer, some reacting aggressively and others expressing abnormal behaviors. Equines were usually used during the morning hours, with loads of brick and sand being the most frequently recorded. According to their caretakers, the animals receive veterinary care on a regular basis, registering an alarming tendency to release them in empty lots, public squares or roads during rest hours. The sources of water and food, constituted by river water, alfalfa and corn, added to grazing during the rest, are positioned as the main alternatives. Thus, it is observed that the welfare state of the equines sampled in the city was between regular and bad, being evident the need for training of caretakers on responsible ownership and joint work between veterinarians and public agencies to address the problem.

Resumen 18. En numerosas ciudades de la Argentina, la tracción animal o también conocida como tracción a sangre (TAS) representa un medio de sustento económico para familias de escasos recursos; los equinos de la actividad generalmente se hallan en condiciones físicas inadecuadas, lo que resulta en un sub-óptimo desempeño y en un serio detrimento de su bienestar. El presente trabajo busca determinar el bienestar animal de los equinos de trabajo en barrios periféricos de la Ciudad de Corrientes Capital, Argentina, utilizando indicadores directos e indirectos. Los primeros se obtuvieron a través del examen físico y comportamental, mientras que los segundos, mediante encuestas a los tutores. La población (n=42) presentó un promedio de edad de 6,8 años y dentro de ella se identificó una subpoblación compuesta por un 60% de machos enteros. Se registró un 45% de animales con estados nutricionales subóptimos, un 43% de pacientes con alteraciones bucales, 67% con lesiones cutáneas y un 74% con condiciones inadecuadas de cascos. Casi la totalidad de los animales se mostraron alerta al acercamiento humano, reaccionando algunos de forma agresiva y otros con conductas anormales. Los animales son usualmente utilizados en horas de la mañana, siendo las cargas de ladrillo y arena las más frecuentemente registradas. Las encuestas revelaron que los animales reciben atención veterinaria, registrándose una alarmante tendencia a la liberación en baldíos, plazas o en la vía pública durante las horas de descanso. Las fuentes de agua y alimentos, constituidas por el agua de río, alfalfa y maíz se posicionan como las principales alternativas. Se observa así que el estado de bienestar de los equinos muestreados en la ciudad es regular a malo, siendo evidente la necesidad de capacitación de los tutores sobre tenencia responsable y el trabajo conjunto entre médicos veterinarios y organismos públicos para abordar la problemática.

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3427038

Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and anger in children with ADHD
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Mphahlele, Ramatladi Meriam

; Pillay, Basil Joseph

; Meyer, Anneke

South African Journal of Education

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feb 2023, Volume 43 N. 1 Pages 1 - 14

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

With the research reported on here we sought to determine whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) displayed more symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD) and anger, which are categorised as externalising disorders, when contrasted to the control group and, also, whether gender and age impacted these ADHD comorbidities. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents before the age of 12 years according to which an individual displays a recurrent pattern of extreme inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness that inhibits performance, and is not age-appropriate. ODD is defined as a psychological syndrome characterised by disruptive behaviour, a pattern of anger and irritability, confrontational, and spiteful behaviour. CD is a psychological and behavioural syndrome characterised by difficulties with following rules, recurrent patterns of hostility, destruction, and dishonesty. Anger is a frequent reaction (contrasted to ordinary irritable mood), intense and long-lasting defensive or retaliatory response to perceived provocation or threat, which interferes with normal functioning. Both teacher and parent ratings on the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale, and self-report on the Anger Inventory of the Beck Youth Inventories were employed in this investigation. The sample (n = 216) consisted of 216 school children aged 6 to 15 years that were divided into an ADHD group and a matched control group without ADHD (50 boys and 58 girls in each group). The results indicate that children with ADHD displayed notably elevated symptoms of ODD, CD and anger. The externalising disorders are more pronounced in boys with ADHD than in girls. Age had no effect on the results. We recommend that externalising comorbidities should be the target of early interventions. Our findings contribute to the debate about how best to conceptualise ADHD regarding related behavioural and emotional disturbances, and the treatment thereof. Since these symptoms occur during childhood and progress to adolescence, early identification and management may improve the livelihood of those affected.

https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v43n1a2136

Efficacy and safety of three different opioid-based immobilisation combinations in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi)
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Roug, A

; Smith, C

; Raath, JP

; Meyer, LCR

; Laubscher, LL

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

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2023, Volume 94 N. 1 Pages 145 - 152

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

African wildlife species are increasingly being immobilised with combinations of a low dose of potent opioids combined with medetomidine and azaperone. The physiological effects of these combinations in comparison to conventional potent opioid-azaperone combinations have scarcely been evaluated. In this cross-over study conducted on eight captive blesbok, we compared the physiological variables of blesbok immobilised with 2 mg of thiafentanil + 10 mg of azaperone (TA); 0.5 mg thiafentanil + 1.5 mg medetomidine (TM), and 0.5 mg thiafentanil + 1.5. mg medetomidine + 10 mg azaperone (TMA). Thiafentanil's effects were antagonised with naltrexone at 10 mg naltrexone per mg thiafentanil, and the medetomidine effects with atipamezole at 5 mg atipamezole per mg medetomidine. The physiological variables were compared between treatment groups using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. The TA combination resulted in the shortest induction and recovery times, higher heart rates, respiratory rates, PaO2, SpO2, and lower MAP and A-a gradients, but with less muscle relaxation. The TM and TMA combinations caused marked bradycardia and hypoxaemia. The hypoxaemia was most severe in animals immobilised with TMA, and four of eight blesbok immobilised had a PaO2 < 35 mmHg at the 10- or 15-minute sampling point. These blesbok were provided supplementary oxygen, which corrected the hypoxaemia. The TA combinations caused the lowest degree of physiological compromise. All three combinations were effective for the immobilisation of blesbok, but as the low-dose thiafentanil and high-dose medetomidine combinations caused marked hypoxaemia, supplementary oxygen is recommended when using these combinations.

https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.567

Chemical immobilisation of lions: weighing up drug effectiveness versus clinical effects
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Donaldson, AC

; Fuller, A

; Meyer, LCR

; Buss, PE

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

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2023, Volume 94 N. 1 Pages 23 - 34

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Selection of an effective drug combination to immobilise African lions (Panthera leo) requires balancing immobilisation effectiveness with potential side effects. We compared the immobilisation effectiveness and changes to physiological variables induced by three drug combinations used for free-ranging African lions. The lions (12 animals per drug combination) were immobilised with tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine (TZM), ketamine-medetomidine (KM) or ketamine-butorphanol-medetomidine (KBM). Induction, immobilisation, and recovery were timed, evaluated using a scoring system, and physiological variables were monitored. The drugs used for immobilisation were antagonised with atipamezole and naltrexone. The quality of induction was rated as excellent for all drug combinations and induction times (mean ± SD) did not differ between the groups (10.54 ± 2.67 min for TZM, 10.49 ± 2.63 min for KM, and 11.11 ± 2.91 min for KBM). Immobilisation depth was similar over the immobilisation period in the TZM and KBM groups, and initially light, progressing to deeper in lions administered KM. Heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral arterial haemoglobin saturation with oxygen were within the expected range for healthy, awake lions in all groups. All lions were severely hypertensive and hyperthermic throughout the immobilisation. Following antagonism of immobilising drugs, lions immobilised with KM and KBM recovered to walking sooner than those immobilised with TZM, at 15.29 ± 10.68 min, 10.88 ± 4.29 min and 29.73 ± 14.46 min, respectively. Only one lion in the KBM group exhibited ataxia during recovery compared to five and four lions in the TZM and KM groups, respectively. All three drug combinations provided smooth inductions and effective immobilisations but resulted in hypertension. KBM had an advantage of allowing for shorter, less ataxic recoveries.

https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.544

Ten years' experience with bone conduction hearing aids in the Western Cape, South Africa
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Kuschke, Silva

; Rogers, Christine

; Meyer, Estie

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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2023, Volume 70 N. 1 Pages 1 - 4

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Untreated conductive and mixed hearing losses as a result of middle ear pathology or congenital ear malformations can lead to poor speech, language and academic outcomes in children. Lack of access to centralised hearing healthcare in resource-constrained environments limits opportunities for children with hearing loss. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH) is one of only two dedicated paediatric hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa. Between 2016 and 2021, 29 children received implanted bone conduction hearing devices, and 104 children were fitted with bone conduction devices on softbands. The authors' experience at RCWMCH suggests that bone-anchored hearing devices, either fitted on softbands or on implanted abutments, can provide solutions in settings where patients have limited access to hearing healthcare and optimal classroom environments. Hearing healthcare should be accessible and delivered at the appropriate level of care to mitigate the adverse effects of hearing loss in children. CONTRIBUTION: This article describes strategies employed at RCWMCH such as fitting bone conduction hearing devices on a softband immediately after hearing loss diagnosis and conducting follow-up via remote technology to make hearing healthcare more accessible to vulnerable populations.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v70i1.940

Pressure Recovery Discharge Configurations for an Induced Draught Axial Flow Fan
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Bekker, G. M.

; Meyer, C. J.

; van der Spuy, S. J.

R&D Journal

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2022, Volume 38 Pages 1 - 9

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study investigates the potential gains in operating volume flow rate and static efficiency of an induced draught axial flow fan system. These gains are achieved through pressure recovery, i.e. the conversion of dynamic pressure at the fan exit into static pressure. Pressure recovery is achieved using downstream diffusers, stator blade rows, and combinations of these. Three different diffuser lengths are considered. Of the shortest diffusers, a conical diffuser increases the operating volume flow rate by 3.2 % and the fan static efficiency by 9.8 % (absolute). A longer conical diffuser increases it by 3.9 % and 11.9 %, respectively. Of the longest diffusers, an annular diffuser increases the flow rate by 5.5 % and the fan static efficiency by 16.8 %.

https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8988/2022/v38a1 26 downloads

Excessive red tape is strangling biodiversity research in South Africa
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Alexander, Graham J.

; Tollev, Krystal A.

; Maritz, Bryan

; McKechnie, Andrew

; Manger, Paul

; Thomson, Robert L.

; Schradin, Carsten

; Fuller, Andrea

; Meyer, Leith

; Hetem, Robyn S.

; Cherry, Michael

; Conradie, Werner

; Bauer, Aaron M.

; Maphisa, David

; O'Riain, Justin

; Parker, Daniel M.

; Mlambo, Musa C.

; Bronner, Gary

; Madikiza, Kim

; Engelbrecht, Adriaan

; Lee, Alan T.K.

; van Vuuren, Bettine Jansen

; Mandiwana-Neudani, Tshifhiwa G.

; Pietersen, Darren

; Venter, Jan A.

; Somers, Michael J.

; Slotow, Rob

; Maartin Strauss, W.

; Humphries, Marc S.

; Ryan, Peter G.

; Kerley, Graham I.H.

South African Journal of Science

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oct 2021, Volume 117 N. 9-10 Pages 1 - 4

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10787 22 downloads

Structure-Physical Properties Relationship of Eutectic Solvents Prepared from Benzyltriethylammonium Chloride and Carboxylic Acids
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Paveglio, Guilherme C.

; Milani, Fernanda A. S. C.

; Sauer, André C.

; Roman, Daiane

; Meyer, Alexandre R.

; Pizzuti, Lucas

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2021, Volume 32 N. 3 Pages 542 - 551

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted the attention of the researchers as alternative solvents due to desirable properties such as easy preparation and high thermal stability. In this work, it was reported the preparation of five DESs from benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) as quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) and carboxylic acids (oxalic, malonic or benzoic) as hydrogen bonding donor (HBD), which four were not reported so far. Furthermore, it was presented the first type III liquid DES at room temperature from benzoic acid and shown by interaction energy calculations why the formation of benzyltriethylammonium chloride:benzoic acid (BTEAC:BA) is favored over choline chloride:benzoic acid (ChCl:BA). The optimized geometries showed the Cl···π interaction is determining for decreasing the freezing point of benzyltriethylammonium chloride:benzoic acid mixture. Infrared spectra showed evidence for the existence of hydrogen bonds in DESs. Physical (freezing point, density and refractive index), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis) and rheological characterizations were performed for all solvents. The structure of HBDs affected the results on all evaluated properties and proved that it could be tunable. The prepared DESs were stable thermically and can be used in a wide range of temperature. Finally, rheological studies showed that Newtonian or non-Newtonian behavior can be observed by the nature of HBD.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200208 185 downloads

10.

Performance Enhancement of an Induced Draught Axial Flow Fan Through Pressure Recovery
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Bekken, G. M.

; Meyer, C. J.

; van der Spuy, S. J.

R&D Journal

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2021, Volume 37 Pages 35 - 44

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study illustrates that downstream diffusers can significantly aid the performance of an induced draught axial flow fan. Two conical diffusers of length 0.2 and 0.4 times the fan diameter and an annular diffuser with a length equal to the fan diameter are tested. At the design flow rate of the fan, the short conical diffuser increases the available static pressure by 17.6 % and the static efficiency by 8.9 %. The medium-length conical diffuser increases it by 21.9 % and 11.7 %, respectively. The long annular diffuser produces a 28.2 % pressure increase and a 14.2 % efficiency increase. The paper also compares the obtained pressure recovery coefficients of the different discharge diffusers using two-dimensional axisymmetric and three-dimensional computations. It shows that the pressure at the outlet of the fan cannot be assumed to be equal to atmospheric pressure, as is prescribed by the fan testing standards. A new method of measuring pressure recovery from two-dimensional computations is proposed.

https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8988/2021/v37a5 107 downloads

11.

Paramedic students' confidence and satisfaction with clinical simulations of an emergency medical care programme in South Africa: A cross-sectional study
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Sandy, Peter T.

; Meyer, John T.

; Oduniyi, Oluwaseun S.

; Mavhandu-Mudzusi, Azwihangwisi H.

Health SA Gesondheid (Online)

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2021, Volume 26 Pages 1 - 9

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in the use of clinical simulations as instructional tools in healthcare education. This is because of their role in ensuring patients' safety and quality-care provision AIM: This study investigated the paramedic students' satisfaction and self-confidence in the clinical simulation of an emergency medical care programme SETTING: The study was conducted at the Durban University of Technology in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. The paramedic students' satisfaction and self-confidence in the clinical simulation of an emergency medical care programme were the focus of the study METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional research design. A convenience sampling method was used to select the 83-paramedic students who participated in the study. Data were collected between July and September 2017 using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages and Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient) and an inferential test, ordinal logistic regression analysis, were used for data analysis RESULTS: High levels of paramedic students' satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation activities were reported. Generally, the paramedic students' demographics were associated with the satisfaction and self-confidence variables with p-values ≤ 0.04. Emergency medical care training undertaken by the paramedic students was significantly associated with self-confidence (p = 0.00 CONCLUSION: Clinical simulation can bridge the theory-practice gap for paramedic students. It is a hands-on approach that promotes students learning of clinical skills through reflection

https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1522 76 downloads

12.

How many hospitalizations has the COVID-19 vaccination already prevented in São Paulo?
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Izbicki, Rafael

; Bastos, Leonardo S.

; Izbicki, Meyer

; Lopes, Hedibert F.

; Santos, Tiago Mendonça dos

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3250

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3250 151 downloads

13.

CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) HAVE HIGHER MORTALITY AFTER ABDOMINAL HERNIA SURGERY
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DUCATTI, Liliana

; HADDAD, Luciana B. P.

; MEYER, Alberto

; NACIF, Lucas S.

; ARANTES, Rubens M.

; MARTINO, Rodrigo B.

; ROCHA-SANTOS, Vinicius

; WAISBERG, Daniel R.

; PINHEIRO, Rafael S.

; D´ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz A.C.

; ANDRAUS, Wellington

ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)

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2021, Volume 34 N. 3 elocation e1622

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Racional: A incidência de hérnia abdominal em pacientes cirróticos é elevada, em torno de 20%. Em casos de ascite volumosa, a incidência atinge valores até 40%. Uma das principais e mais graves complicações no pós-operatório de correção de hérnias de pacientes cirróticos é a insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). Objetivo: Analisar a função renal de pacientes cirróticos submetidos a herniorrafias, comparando aqueles que apresentavam IRA pós-operatório com os demais, para determinar os fatores relacionados à sua ocorrência. Método: Seguimento de pacientes cirróticos submetidos à cirurgia de hérnia entre 2001 e 2014 no Serviço de Transplante de Fígado. Foram coletados exames laboratoriais para avaliar a função renal no pós-operatório rotineiramente. A IRA foi definida com base no consenso do clube da ascite em 2015. Resultados: Dos 174 pacientes incluídos, ocorreu IRA em 58 pacientes (34,9%). Houve diferença entre grupos para as seguintes variáveis: MELD inicial, creatinina basal e creatinina, o grupo com IRA apresentou medias superiores ao grupo que não apresentou IRA. No grupo IRA PO, 74,1% das cirurgias, foram realizadas em caráter de emergência, enquanto que no grupo sem IRA no pós-operatório, 34,6%. No grupo IRA, 90,4% dos indivíduos apresentaram complicações no pós-operatório, enquanto no grupo sem IRA, 29,9%. As variáveis idade, MELD inicial, creatinina basal e creatinina no pós-operatório inicial foram estatisticamente significantes na análise de sobrevida. Conclusões: Existe uma associação entre IRA pós-operatória e cirurgia de emergência e IRA pós-operatóri e complicações pós-operatórias. Os fatores relacionados à maior ocorrência de IRA em pacientes cirróticos submetidos à cirurgia de hérnia são o MELD inicial, creatinina basal, creatinina pós-operatória inicial. O preparo de pacientes cirróticos com hérnia abdominal antes de procedimentos cirúrgicos deve ocorrer sistematicamente, pois apresentam alta incidência de IRA pós-operatória.

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of abdominal hernia in cirrhotic patients is as higher as 20%; in cases of major ascites the incidence may increase up to 40%. One of the main and most serious complications in cirrhotic postoperative period (PO) is acute kidney injury (AKI). Aim: To analyze the renal function of cirrhotic patients undergoing to hernia surgery and evaluate the factors related to AKI. Methods: Follow-up of 174 cirrhotic patients who underwent hernia surgery. Laboratory tests including the renal function were collected in the PO.AKI was defined based on the consensus of the ascite´s club. They were divided into two groups: with (AKI PO) and without AKI . Results: All 174 patients were enrolled and AKI occurred in 58 (34.9%). In the AKI PO group, 74.1% had emergency surgery, whereas in the group without AKI PO it was only 34.6%.In the group with AKI PO, 90.4% presented complications, whereas in the group without AKI PO they occurred only in 29.9%. Variables age, baseline MELD, baseline creatinine, creatinine in immediate postoperative (POI), AKI and the presence of ascites were statistically significant for survival. Conclusions: There is association between AKI PO and emergency surgery and, also, between AKI PO and complications after surgery. The factors related to higher occurrence were initial MELD, basal Cr, Cr POI. The patients with postoperative AKI had a higher rate of complications and higher mortality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-672020210002e1622

14.

La aplicación exógena de metil jasmónico aumenta la defensa inducida por micorrización arbuscular contra Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en frijol
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López-Meyer, Melina

; Martínez-Ereva, Octavio Ernesto

; Verdugo Contreras, Xavier Eduardo

; Ramírez Douriet, Claudia Maria

; Ibarra-Sarmiento, Carlos Ramiro

; Martínez-Valenzuela, Carmen

; Mora-Romero, Guadalupe Arlene

Scientia fungorum

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2021, Volume 51 elocation e1336

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Mycorrhiza-induced defense has been widely reported, in which, oxylipins pathway participation has been suggested, mainly jasmonic acid (JA), although the involvement of methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) is still controversial. Objetives: To evaluate the effect of Rhizophagus irregularis colonization and the exogenous MeJA treatment in the susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common beans Azufrasin variety, as well as in the relative expression of the PvLOX2 and PvLOX6 genes in response to infection to the pathogen. Methods: Leaflets from non-mycorrhizal (NM) and R. irregularis mycorrhizal-colonized common bean plants (M) were treated with 50 µM MeJA, and infected with S. sclerotiorum. The extension of infected tissue by the pathogen was determined 24 h after the infection, as well as, the relative expression ofPvLOX2 and PvLOX6 genes by qPCR. Results and conclusion: Treatment with exogenous MeJA increased defense response in leaflets of NM plants (NM-MeJA) to a similar level than M plants, defense response was significanlty increased in leaflets M-MeJA, suggesting an additive effect of the mycorrhiza condition and exogenous MeJA treatment. The overexpression of genes, PvLOX2 and PvLOX6, in the treatment where both conditions were combined (M-MeJA), suggests the participation of jasmonates and other oxylipins in the induction of the defense.

Resumen Antecedentes: La defensa inducida por micorrizas se ha reportado ampliamente, en la cual se ha sugerido la participación de la ruta de señalización de las oxilipinas, principalmente el ácido jasmónico; la participación de su derivado metil-jasmonato (MeJA) es controversial. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la colonización con Rhizophagus irregularis y la aplicación exógena de MeJA en la susceptibilidad a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en frijol variedad Azufrasin y en la expresión de los genes PvLOX2 y PvLOX6 en respuesta a la infección con el patógeno. Métodos: Foliolos de plantas de frijol, no inoculadas (NM) e inoculadas (M) con R. irregularis se trataron con 50 µM de MeJA e infectaron con S. sclerotiorum. Se determinó el diámetro de la infección a las 24 h y la expresión de los genes PvLOX2 y PvLOX6 por qPCR. Resultados y conclusiones: El tratamiento exógeno con MeJA aumentó la defensa en foliolos NM-MeJA a un nivel similar al de M; la defensa aumentó significactivamente en foliolos M-MeJA, sugiriendo un efecto aditivo entre las condiciones; micorrización y tratamiento con MeJA. La sobreexpresión de los genes PvLOX2 y PvLOX6 en el tratamiento combinado (M-MeJA) sugiere la participación no solo de jasmonatos sino de otras oxilipinas en la inducción de defensa.

https://doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.51.1336 26 downloads

15.

Numerical Investigation of Pressure Recovery for an Induced Draught Fan Arrangement
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Bekker, G. M.

; Meyer, C. J.

; van der Spuy, S. J.

R&D Journal

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2020, Volume 36 Pages 19 - 28

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study investigates the potential gain in operating volume flow rate and static efficiency for an induced draught fan arrangement by reducing the outlet kinetic energy loss. The reduction is achieved through pressure recovery, which is the conversion of dynamic pressure into static pressure. Downstream diffusers, stator blade rows, or a combination of these can recover pressure. Six different discharge configurations are tested for a fan. An annular diffuser with equiangular walls at an angle of 22° from the axial direction and a length equal to the fan diameter recovers the most pressure over a range of volume flow rates. The diffuser causes the operating volume flow rate and static efficiency to increase by 6.3 % (relative) and 20 % (absolute), respectively, compared to the initial design point of the particular fan.

https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8988/2020/v36a3 503 downloads

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