Para descrever a resistência a drogas em cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas de amostras de escarro de 263 pacientes suspeitos de tuberculose moradores do Complexo de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, as culturas positivas entre outubro de 2000 e dezembro de 2002 foram submetidas a teste de sensibilidade para isoniazida, rifampicina, estreptomicina, etionamida e etambutol. Resistência a qualquer das drogas foi encontrada em 21,4% (16/75) dos pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose. Destes, 50% (8/16) eram casos novos e 50% (8/16) eram casos com tratamento anterior. A tuberculose multirresistente foi encontrada em 10,6% (8/75) do total de pacientes, estando associada a tratamento anterior em 8% (6/75) deles. Nossos resultados podem ter sido subestimados, pois M. tuberculosis não pôde ser isolado em todas as amostras positivas para bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes. Contudo, eles pelo menos revelam parte do problema.

This study aimed to assess drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from sputum samples. To that end, sputum samples were collected from 263 patients suspected of having tuberculosis. All subjects lived in the Complexo de Manguinhos, which is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cultures testing positive between October of 2000 and December of 2002 were tested to determine strain susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ETHionamide, and ETHambutol. Of the 75 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, resistance to at least one of the drugs was found in 16 (21.4%). Of those 16 patients, 8 (50%) were new cases, and 8 (50%) had previously been treated. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was identified in 8 (10.6%) of the 75 patients, being associated with previous treatment in 6 (8%). The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis might have been underestimated, since M. tuberculosis was not isolated from all of the samples testing positive for acid-fast bacilli. However, at least, our findings shed some light on the problem.

The observations made about the stomach of Trichogenes longipinnis (Britski & Ortega, 1983) showed a rounded organ which has in its dorsal side an accessory structure - a cul de sac - that comunicates with it. The distal part of this dorsal accessory presents characteristic of an organ that exercise respiratory functions: reduction in the thickness of the mucosa and arrangement of an intrincate continuous capilar net in close contact with the superficial cells of the epithelium. In this portion there are no glands in the lamina propria. The epithelium shows a superficial squamous cels; they are very slim, and sometimes, with the capillary endothelium form a single barrier between the organ lumen and the blood. Polyhedric cells are also present in this epithelium; they are located under the squamous cells, sheltered between capillaries and basal cells.

Trichogenes longipinnis (Britski & Ortega, 1983) is a leather fish restricted to the rivers on the shore in the southeast of Brazil. In this work, the oesophagous structure is being showed. The oesophagous appears itself short, dorsally inclinated toward pericardium and ventrally covered by liver lobe. By electron microscopy we can observe a mucosa layer formed by stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propria with stratum compactum. The epithelium is composed by three types of cells: superficial squamous cells; mucous cells, similar to the globet cells and polyhedric cells. The stratification of this epithelium provides a complete basal layer of proliferation polyhedric cells. The cells in the intermediate region of the epithelium are also polyhedric. These cells are just bellow the superficial squamous cells and packed among mucous cells.

A vacina inativada contra gripe, trivalente, preparada no Instituto Butantan, contendo 200 unidades hemaglutinantes de cada uma das cepas de virus Influenza A/SP/1/80 (H3N2), A/SP/1/78 (H1N1) e B/England/847/73, foi administrada em 110 voluntários humanos adultos, sendo que 62 receberam uma dose de vacina e 48 duas doses, com intervalo de 21 dias. A resposta de anticorpos específicos para influenza foi analisada comparativamente pelos testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação (IH) e Hemólise Radial Simples (HRS). Ocorreu aumento significativo do teor de anticorpos nos indivíduos vacinados, correspondente a um aumento de 4 vezes ou mais nos títulos obtidos pelo teste IH e a um aumento de 3,0 mm ou maior no diâmetro das zonas de hemólise pelo teste HRS. Os métodos demonstraram correlação satisfatória entre si.

The inactivated vaccine anti-influenza virus, prepared at the Butantan Institute, containing 200 U.H. from each one these virus strains, Influenza A/SP/1/80 (H3N2), A/SP/1/78 (H1N1), B/England/847/73, was administered to 110 human volunteers in one and two doses to 62 and 48 persons respectively, with an interval of 21 days between these doses. The response to specific antibodies to influenza was analysed comparatively by the methods of Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) and Single-Radial-Haemolysis (SRH). These methods demonstrated a correlation between themselves, with a percentual correspondence in the negative HI titres, < 1:20 and diameter of haemolysis < 3.0mm. Correlation between the haemolysis zone of 3.5-5.0 mm diameter with HI titres of 1:40-1:80 was observed and titres of 1:160-1:320 by HI test were equal to haemolysis zones of 5.5 mm in diameter by SRH test. Very high HI titres > 1:640, corresponded to hemolysis zones > 7.5 mm in diameter. Soroconversion rate occurred those vaccinated, which corresponded to an increase of 4 times or more in the antibody titres obtained from the HI test and an increase of 3.0 mm or more in the haemolysis zone diameter.

A vacina inativada contra gripe, trivalente, preparada no Instituto Butantan, contendo 200 unidades hemaglutinantes de cada uma das cepas de virus Influenza A/SP/1/80 (H3N2), A/SP/1/78 (H1N1) e B/England/847/73, foi administrada em 110 voluntários humanos adultos, sendo que 62 receberam uma dose de vacina e 48 duas doses, com intervalo de 21 dias. A resposta de anticorpos específicos para influenza foi analisada comparativamente pelos testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação (IH) e Hemólise Radial Simples (HRS). Ocorreu aumento significativo do teor de anticorpos nos indivíduos vacinados, correspondente a um aumento de 4 vezes ou mais nos títulos obtidos pelo teste IH e a um aumento de 3,0 mm ou maior no diâmetro das zonas de hemólise pelo teste HRS. Os métodos demonstraram correlação satisfatória entre si.

The inactivated vaccine anti-influenza virus, prepared at the Butantan Institute, containing 200 U.H. from each one these virus strains, Influenza A/SP/1/80 (H3N2), A/SP/1/78 (H1N1), B/England/847/73, was administered to 110 human volunteers in one and two doses to 62 and 48 persons respectively, with an interval of 21 days between these doses. The response to specific antibodies to influenza was analysed comparatively by the methods of Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) and Single-Radial-Haemolysis (SRH). These methods demonstrated a correlation between themselves, with a percentual correspondence in the negative HI titres, < 1:20 and diameter of haemolysis < 3.0mm. Correlation between the haemolysis zone of 3.5-5.0 mm diameter with HI titres of 1:40-1:80 was observed and titres of 1:160-1:320 by HI test were equal to haemolysis zones of 5.5 mm in diameter by SRH test. Very high HI titres > 1:640, corresponded to hemolysis zones > 7.5 mm in diameter. Soroconversion rate occurred those vaccinated, which corresponded to an increase of 4 times or more in the antibody titres obtained from the HI test and an increase of 3.0 mm or more in the haemolysis zone diameter.