Em que medida o Sistema de Justiça exerce protagonismo no atual processo de conflito institucional do Brasil? A partir de uma análise crítica do conceito de Judicialização da Megapolítica, proposto por Ran Hirschl, discutimos o papel das instituições do Sistema de Justiça na atual crise política brasileira. Mostramos que Hirschl é impreciso acerca do problema da legitimidade no conflito entre poderes e omisso acerca da função que a grande mídia tem de deslocar a legitimidade dos poderes eleitos para as instituições do Sistema de Justiça. Para testar nossa hipótese, comparamos a evolução da aprovação popular dos poderes de Estado com a cobertura que os jornais Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo e o Globo, além do Jornal Nacional dedicaram a elas, de 2014 até 2018, usando os dados da pesquisa do Manchetômetro. Concluímos sugerindo aprimoramentos ao estudo da judicialização e particularmente ao conceito de judicialização da megapolítica.

What is the role of the Justice System in the current process of institutional conflict in Brazil? Through a critical analysis of the concept of the judicialization of megapolitics, proposed by Ran Hirschl, we discuss the role of the Judiciary and Public Prosecutor’s Office in the current Brazilian political crisis. We call attention to the lack of clarity in Hirschl’s analysis about the fundamental problem of legitimacy in the conflict between governmental branches, and then we show how there is strong evidence in the Brazilian case that the mainstream media had the function of shifting legitimacy from the elected powers to the institutions of the System of Justice. To test our hypothesis, we compare the evolution of the popular approval of the main institutions of Brazilian democracy with the coverage that the quality newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo and Globo, and the television news program Jornal Nacional have dedicated to them from the beginning of 2014 until now, using data from the Manchetometro project. We conclude by suggesting improvements to the study of judicialization and particularly to the concept of the judicialization of the megapolitics.

Dans quelle mesure le système de justice joue-t-il un rôle de premier plan dans le processus actuel de conflit institutionnel au Brésil? À partir d’une analyse critique du concept de Judicialisation Megapolitique, proposée par Ran Hirschl, nous avons discuté du rôle du pouvoir judiciaire et du ministère public dans la crise politique brésilienne actuelle. Nous attirons l’attention sur le manque de clarté dans l’analyse de Hirschl sur le problème fondamental de la légitimité dans le conflit entre les pouvoirs, puis nous montrons comment il existe de fortes preuves dans l’affaire brésilienne selon laquelle les médias traditionnels ont pour fonction de transformer la légitimité des pouvoirs élus en institutions des Système de justice. Afin de prouver notre hypothèse, nous comparons l’évolution de l’approbation populaire des principales institutions de la démocratie brésilienne avec la couverture que les journaux Folha de S. Paulo, État de S. Paulo et Globo et le journal Jornal Nacional leur ont consacré dès le début de 2014 jusqu’à présent, en utilisant les données d’enquête du Manchetomètre. Nous concluons en suggérant quelques améliorations à l’étude de la judiciarisation et en particulier à la notion de judiciatisation de la mégapolitique.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

Resumo O paradigma de protesto é um conceito amplamente utilizado pela literatura internacional nos estudos do tratamento dispensado pela grande mídia a manifestações políticas e sociais. Há três explicações para sua ocorrência: (1) varia com a orientação ideológica do meio (quanto mais conservador, maior a probabilidade de adotar o paradigma de protesto); (2) varia com a posição do protesto em relação ao status quo ; e (3) nem sempre ocorre. Neste artigo analisamos a cobertura que a grande mídia brasileira dispensou às greves gerais de 2017 contra as reformas trabalhista e previdenciária, examinando os discursos e imagens associados aos grupos envolvidos nas greves gerais no Jornal Nacional e nos impressos Folha de S. Paulo , O Estado de S. Paulo e O Globo . Para tal utilizamos as metodologias da análise de enquadramento, interpretação de imagens e nuvens de palavras. Os resultados encontrados confirmam a ocorrência de paradigma de protesto nesses casos e revelam cinco modos predominantes de enquadrar as greves: (1) violência e vandalismo, (2) ação egoísta e desorganizada, (3) transtorno ao espaço público, (4) fonte de prejuízo à economia e (5) ausência de legitimidade popular. Na conclusão refletimos sobre a contribuição do presente artigo para o debate internacional sobre o assunto.

Abstract The protest paradigm is a concept widely used in the international literature in studies on the mass media’s unfavorable treatment of political and social protests. There are three explanations for such treatment: (1) it varies depending on the ideological values of the media outlet (the more conservative, the higher the probability of adopting the paradigm of protest); (2) it varies depending on the position of the protest in relation to the status quo; and (3) it does not always occur. In this paper, we analyze the Brazilian media’s coverage of the general strikes of 2017 against the Labor and Social Security reforms, examining the speeches and images associated with the groups involved in the general strikes in the publication Jornal Nacional and in the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, and O Globo . To this end, we implement the methodologies of framing analysis, image interpretation, and word clouds. The results confirm the occurrence of a protest paradigm in these cases and reveal five predominant ways of framing protests: (1) violence and vandalism; (2) selfish and disorganized action; (3) public disorder; (4) source of economic losses; and (5) lack of popular legitimacy. In conclusion, we reflect on this article’s contribution to the international debate about the protest paradigm.

Resumen El paradigma de protesta es un concepto ampliamente utilizado por la literatura internacional en los estudios del tratamiento dispensado por los grandes medios a manifestaciones políticas y sociales. Hay tres explicaciones para su ocurrencia: (1) varía con la orientación ideológica del medio (el más conservador, más probabilidades de adoptar el paradigma protesta); (2) varía con la posición de la protesta en relación al statu quo; y (3) no siempre ocurre. En este articulo analizamos la cobertura que grandes medios brasileños dieran a las huelgas generales de 2017 contra las reformas Laboral y Pensionaria, examinando los discursos e imágenes asociados a los grupos involucrados en las huelgas generales en el Jornal Nacional (televisión) y en los impresos Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo y O Globo. Para ello utilizamos las metodologías del análisis de encuadramiento, interpretación de imágenes y nubes de palabras. Los resultados confirman la ocurrencia de paradigma protesta en estos casos y revelan cinco formas predominantes de la formulación de las huelgas: (1) la violencia y el vandalismo, (2) egoísta, acción desorganizada, (3) el trastorno al espacio público, (4) Asociación retraso y (5) ausencia de legitimidad popular. En la conclusión reflexionamos sobre la contribución del presente trabajo al debate internacional sobre el tema.

Résumé Le paradigme de protestation est un concept largement utilisé dans la littérature internationale, dans les études sur la façon dont les médias traditionnels traitent les manifestations politiques et sociales. Il y a trois explications à son apparition: (1) il varie selon l’orientation idéologique du milieu (plus celui-ci est conservateur, plus il est probable qu´on adopte le paradigme de protestation); (2) il varie selon la position de la protestation envers le statu quo; et (3) il ne se produit pas toujours. Dans cet article, nous avons examiné la couverture que les grands médias brésiliens ont fait des grèves générales de 2017 contre les réformes du travail et des retraites, l’examen des discours et des images associées aux groupes impliqués dans les grèves générales dans le Jornal National à la télevision et dans trois journaux, Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo et O Globo. Pour cela, nous utilisons les méthodologies de l’analyse de l’encadrement, de l’interprétation de l’image et des nuages de mots. Les résultats confirment l’apparition de paradigme de protestation dans ces cas et ils révèlent cinq façons prédominantes d’encadrer les grèves: (1) la violence et le vandalisme, (2) l´action égoïste et désorganisée, (3) les troubles de l’espace public, (4) la source de préjudices à l´économie et (5) le manque de légitimité populaire. En conclusion, nous réfléchissons à la contribution de ce document au débat international sur le sujet.

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de mediação didática para o ensino de sociologia. Efetivada em uma escola pública na cidade de São José do Belmonte, Pernambuco, Brasil, a mediação fitou o aprendizado a partir de uma pesquisa de campo feita durante a festa da Cavalgada à Pedra do Reino. Primeiro, os estudantes apropriaram-se dos conceitos de cultura, cultura popular, festa, festa popular e etnografia, e foram a campo para observar, estranhar e refletir acerca do meio do qual fazem parte, registrando suas reflexões em cadernos de campo. Nessa proposta de trabalho de perspectiva etnográfica, os alunos usaram o mundo como laboratório para compreender a sociologia. A mediação didática considerou que os discentes são investigadores críticos, protagonistas do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na qual a palavra é dada ao educando. Eles usaram o seu contexto de existência para compreender sociologicamente o que já conheciam, mas cujos sentidos eram silenciados na estrutura social.

Cet article présente un modèle de médiation didactique pour l'enseignement de la sociologie. Cette médiation a été appliquée dans une école publique à la ville de São José do Belmonte, Pernambuco, Brésil. La médiation a visé l'apprentissage à partir d'une enquête sur le terrain lors de la fête populaire de la Cavalgada à Pedra do Reino. Tout d'abord, les élèves ont appris des concepts comme culture, culture populaire, fête, fête populaire et ethnographie, puis ils sont allés au champ d'observation pour observer, défamiliariser et réfléchir sur leur environnement social, et ensuite les élèves ont fait des observations dans carnets de terrain. Dans cette proposition de perspective ethnographique du travail, les étudiants ont utilisé le monde comme un laboratoire pour comprendre la sociologie. Dans la médiation didactique, les étudiants ont été considérés comme des chercheurs critiques, protagonistes du processus d'enseignement-apprentissage, dans lequel chacun a son propre récit. Ils ont été immergés dans leur propre contexte social de comprendre sociologiquement ce qu'ils savent réellement, mais où les sens ont été réduits dans la structure sociale.

This article presents a didactic mediation model to teaching sociology. This mediation was applied in a public school in São José do Belmonte city, Pernambuco, Brazil, whose aim was the learning through a fieldwork during the Cavalgada à Pedra do Reino Festival. Firstly, students learned concepts as culture, popular culture, festival, popular festival and ethnography, and then they went to the field to observe, defamiliarize and reflect about their social environment, reporting their reflections in ethnographic notebooks. On this ethnographic perspective proposal, students experienced the world as a laboratory, trying to understand sociology. In the didactic mediation, students were considered as critical researchers, protagonists of the teaching-learning process, in which each one has an own narrative. They were immersed in their own social context to understand sociologically what they already knew, but which meanings were restrained in the social structure.

Temporal triangular alopecia, also referred as congenital triangular alopecia, is an uncommon dermatosis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a non-scarring, circumscribed alopecia often located unilaterally in the frontotemporal region. It usually emerges at ages 2-9 years. Alopecia areata is the main differential diagnosis, especially in atypical cases. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive procedure that helps distinguish temporal triangular alopecia from aloepecia areata. Such procedure prevents invasive diagnostic methods as well as ineffective treatments.

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder, first described by Costello in 1971, caused by mutations in the HRAS proto-oncogene. Clinical findings include facial dysmorphism, skin disorders, cognitive impairment, cardiac and musculoskeletal defects. There is an increased risk of malignancies in these patients, due to the proto-oncogene mutation, and also sudden death secondary to heart disease. We report a case with characteristic phenotype, highlighting the peculiar skin changes.

Refletir sobre o consumo na modernidade abre caminho para pensar a possibilidade de surgimento de ações criminosas como meio de acesso a bens, ofertando a alguns indivíduos a chave de entrada a grupos sociais dos quais somente é possível pertencer através da posse de elementos distintivos. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir conceitos que sejam capazes de relacionar a comunicação, o consumo e o crime na juventude, a partir da pergunta: é possível haver conexão entre o discurso midiático (direto ou subliminar) - o conjunto de narrativas jornalísticas, publicitárias e de entretenimento sobre o consumo e o uso de bens - e a construção da identidade dos jovens, conduzindo alguns deles às ações criminosas como forma de posse desses objetos? A compreensão da dimensão cultural do ato criminoso como meio de acesso aos bens surge através da interface de estudos acerca do consumo, da juventude e do crime.

Considerations on consumption in modernity open up ways to think about the possibility of the emergence of criminal actions as a means of access to goods, giving to some people the key to belong to social groups, in which one can only take part with the possession of distinctive elements. This paper aims at discussing concepts that can relate to communication, consumption and crime in youth, based on the question: is it possible to establish a connection between the media discourse (direct or subliminal) - a set of journalistic advertising and entertainment narratives on the consumption and use of goods - and the construction of youth identity, leading some of them to criminal actions as a way to possess these objects? The understanding of the cultural dimension of the criminal act as a means of access to goods emerges through the interface of studies about consumption, youth and crime.

Faire une réflexion sur la consommation dans la modernité conduit à penser qu'il est possible que des actions criminelles surgissent comme moyen d'accès aux biens qui, pour certains individus, ouvrent les portes de groupes sociaux dans lesquels il n'est possible d'entrer que lorsqu'on possède des éléments distinctifs. L'objectif visé dans cet article est de discuter des concepts qui sont en mesure de faire le lien entre la communication, la consommation et la criminalité chez les jeunes en se posant la question suivante: est-il possible qu'il y ait un lien entre le discours des médias (direct ou sous-entendu) - l'ensemble des récits journalistiques, publicitaires et des divertissements sur la consommation et l'usage de biens - et la construction de l'identité des jeunes, les conduisant, pour certains d'entre eux, à commettre des actions criminelles pour accéder à la propriété de ces objets? La compréhension de la dimension culturelle d'un acte criminel en tant que moyen d'accéder aux biens surgit de l'interface d'études réalisées sur la consommation, les jeunes et la criminalité.

No Brasil, a paracoccidioidomicose é uma micose sistêmica endêmica frequente na zona rural e em homens adultos. É relatado caso em agricultor, usuário de drogas ilícitas, com manifestações insidiosas, atingindo rins, pulmões, gânglios, ossos e tardiamente pele, com atraso no diagnóstico e na terapêutica eficaz em mais de um ano. É importante incluir a paracoccidioidomicose como diagnóstico diferencial frente a um quadro sugestivo, mesmo na ausência de lesões cutâneas, para reconhecimento e tratamento precoce, em vista da elevada morbimortalidade desta entidade.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic systemic mycosis in Brazil, frequent in the rural areas and often in adult men. It is reported the case of a farmer, who is an illicit drugs' user, with insidious manifestations affecting kidneys, lungs, lymphonodes, bones and lately, the skin, with a delay of more than one year in the diagnosis and effective therapy It is important to include paracoccidioidomycosis as differential diagnosis, even in the absence of cutaneous lesions, for early recognition and treatment, given the high mortality of this entity.

Urticária aquagênica é forma rara de urticária física caracterizada por aparecimento de urticas após o contato com água, independente da temperatura. Há poucos casos descritos de urticária aquagênica e, destes, somente cinco da forma familiar. Apresentamos o primeiro relato de urticária aquagênica familiar no Brasil, acometendo mãe e filha. Ambas apresentavam urticas, principalmente após banho de chuveiro, independentemente da temperatura da água. A mãe referia ter o quadro há quatro anos, e a filha, desde o nascimento. Para diagnóstico, foram realizados testes de provocação com água, com aparecimento de lesões em ambas, e testes com dermografômetro, com cubo de gelo envolvido em plástico e de provocação para urticária colinérgica, sem o aparecimento de lesões, excluindo assim outras formas de urticária física.

Aquagenic urticaria is a rare form of physical urticaria, characterized by pruritic wheals that appear following contact with water, independently of its temperature. There are few reports of cases of aquagenic urticaria, and only five include the familial form. We present the first case of familial aquagenic urticaria in Brazil (mother and daughter). Both patients presented wheals following contact with water, especially when showering, regardless of its temperature. The mother reported onset of urticaria four years before and the daughter presented wheals since birth. For diagnostic purposes, they were submitted to a challenge test with water, and both subjects presented wheals, as well as to tests using ice cubes in plastic bag with dermographometer and challenge tests for cholinergic urticaria, with no appearance of lesions, excluding other forms of physical urticaria.

Esofagitepor Candida (CE) é uma infecção oportunista comum em hospedeiros imunocomprometidos. C. glabrata é raramente citada como agente de CE e tem sido subestimada devido à falta de uma identificação apropriada. Este estudo relata dois casos de esofagitepor C. glabrata em pacientes com AIDS e doença de Chagas. O diagnóstico das espécies de Candida deveria ser considerado uma importante chave para a escolha da terapia antifúngica ideal contra esta micose.

Candida esophagitis (CE) is a common opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised host. C. glabrata is rarely cited as agent of CE and has been underestimated due to lack of proper identification. In this study, two cases of C. glabrata esophagitis in AIDS and chagasic patients are reported. Diagnosis of Candida species should be considered an important key for the ideal choice of antifungal therapy against this mycosis.

O estudo objetivou realizar ensaio toxicológico pré-clínico inicial para investigar a toxicidade da planta. Na investigação da DL50 foram utilizados grupos de camundongos Swiss machos (n = 10) submetidos a doses de 5,0 g/kg, via oral, e dose de 2,0 g/kg por via intraperitoneal, da fração aquosa das folhas (FAF) de Cissus sicyoides L. Foi retirado sangue através do plexo braquial após sete dias, para análise laboratorial de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. No estudo anatomopatológico, os animais foram examinados macro e microscopicamente, com ressecção de pulmão, coração, fígado e rins. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Na avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos dos camundongos Swiss, foram detectadas alterações nas transaminases AST e ALT e na fosfatase alcalina (FAL), caracterizando as alterações hepáticas demonstradas no estudo histopatológico. Na avaliação histológica do fígado de camundongos, evidenciou-se hepatite reacional com portite linfocitária crônica e lobular multifocal, hiperplasia kupferiana, colapsos focais da trama reticular, ausência de fibrose portal e lobular. O estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo demonstrou em camundongos alterações hepáticas.

The aim of the study was to carry through pre-clinical toxicological assay to analyze the toxicity of the plant. In the inquiry of the LD50 groups of male Swiss rats (n = 10) were given orally 5.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg intraperitoneally, of the water fraction of the leaves (WFL) of Cissus sicyoides L. Blood was removed through brachial plexus after seven days, for laboratory analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters. In the anatomopathological study, the animals had been examined macro and microscopically, with dissection of lung, heart, liver and kidneys. For analysis of the data techniques of descriptive and inferencial statistics had been used. In the evaluation of the hematological and biochemical parameters of the Swiss rats, alterations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (FAL) had been detected, characterizing the demonstrated hepatic alterations in the histopathological study. In the histological evaluation of the rats's liver, submitted to the poisoning, reactionary hepatitis with chronic linfocity portite was proven and to lobular multifocal, hiperplasia kupferiana, focal collapses of the reticular tram, absence of fibrosis, absences of cellular atipias and reactionary subcapsulite. The acute pre-clinical toxicological study demonstrated hepatic alterations in rats.