ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the palmar and plantar digital arteries of 10 horses and 10 mules through B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasound. Likewise, compare the plantar arteries of the pelvic limbs with the palmar arteries of the thoracic limbs, in addition to verifying the differences of the digital arteries in the contralateral limbs (right and left) in horses and mules using B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. The evaluated parameters were the diameter and the intima-media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak of systolic velocity (pSV), final diastolic velocity (fDV) and mean velocity (MV) of the lateral and medial palmar and plantar arteries digital in healthy horses and mules. The horses presented higher diameters values, IMT, pSV, fDV and MV in comparison to the mules. The variables RI and PI also presented differences between horses and mules. Also, both species showed higher values in the variables of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in the thoracic limbs. Differences were also detected in the comparison between the limb sides (right and left) in the two modalities. The B-Mode and spectral Doppler ultrasound techniques are viable tools to identify differences in the palmar and plantar digital arteries in healthy horses and mules, highlight the differences between the thoracic and pelvic limbs and their respective sides (right and left) as well.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar as artérias digitais palmares e plantares de 10 equinos e 10 muares, por meio de ultrassom modo B e Doppler espectral. Da mesma forma, buscou-se comparar as artérias plantares dos membros pélvicos com as artérias palmares dos membros torácicos, além de se verificarem as diferenças das artérias digitais nos membros contralaterais (direito e esquerdo) em equinos e mulas, por meio de ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler espectral. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o diâmetro e a espessura médio-intimal (EMI), o índice de resistividade (IR), o índice de pulsatilidade (IP), o pico de velocidade sistólica (pVS), a velocidade diastólica final (VDf) e a velocidade média (VM) das artérias palmares e plantares lateral e medial digitais em equinos e muares sadios. Os equinos apresentaram maiores valores de diâmetros, EMI, pVS, VDf e VM em comparação aos muares. As variáveis IR e IP também apresentaram diferenças entre equinos e muares. Cavalos e mulas apresentaram maiores valores nas variáveis de ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler nos membros torácicos. Também foram detectadas diferenças na comparação entre os lados dos membros (direito e esquerdo) nas duas modalidades. As técnicas de ultrassom modo-B e Doppler espectral são ferramentas viáveis para identificar diferenças nas artérias digitais palmares e plantares em equinos e muares saudáveis, bem como para destacar as diferenças entre os membros torácicos e pélvicos e seus respectivos lados (direito e esquerdo).

Abstract Syzygium cumini L. Skeels belongs to Myrtaceae family. This species has been recognized by its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Despite ever-increasing scientific interest for this species there is no pharmacopeia method for characterization and standardization of S. cumini yet. So, toward this aim, the objective of this work was to develop an efficient analytical methodology able to determine polyphenols and tannins content from leaves hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini using Folin-Ciocalteu method by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The analytical methodology was developed for the first time in the literature for leaves of this specie shown to be fast and low-cost with results expressed through tannic acid equivalent (TAE). Moreover, the methodology presented selectivity with maximum absorption at 706 nm wavelength, linearity with R2>0.99; limit of detection 0.275 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.102 µg TAE mL-1; limit of quantification 1.046 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.912 µg TAE mL-1 for total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively. Furthermore, the methodology was accurate with recover value greater than 98%, as well as exact, reproductive, and robust with coefficient of variation values less than 15% for both compounds. All the results are found within the fixed limits according to RDC 166/2017.

RESUMO A criopreservação é parcialmente prejudicial à fertilidade do sêmen de bovinos e induz mudanças semelhantes à capacitação em espermatozoides. O plasma seminal contém serina-proteases e inibidores de serina-proteases que estão envolvidos na fertilização de mamíferos, e os inibidores podem ser aplicados para evitar uma capacitação espermática induzida pelo frio. Analisaram-se os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de dois inibidores de serina-proteases, inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio 1 - PAI-1 (70ƞg, 140ƞg e 210ƞg) e antipaína (10µg, 50µg e 100µg) na suplementação ao diluidor de criopreservação de sêmen bovino. Trinta e seis ejaculados de quatro bovinos Curraleiro Pé-Duro foram usados para criopreservação. Os efeitos dos inibidores sobre os parâmetros dos espermatozoides (cinética espermática - CASA, integridade acrossomal, integridade da membrana plasmática, potencial de membrana mitocondrial, defeitos espermáticos e taxa de reação acrossomal) foram avaliados no sêmen pós-descongelamento. A criopreservação de espermatozoides com antipaína diminuiu os parâmetros cinéticos pós-descongelamento de MP, VSL, LIN, SRT e a porcentagem de espermatozoides hiperativados, PAI-1 (210ƞg) diminuiu VSL e LIN. Antipaína e PAI-1 não tiveram efeitos nos parâmetros de integridade da membrana plasmática, no potencial de membrana mitocondrial e nos defeitos espermáticos. Espermatozoides criopreservados na presença de antipaína e PAI-1 (70 e 140ƞg) preservaram a integridade acrossomal, assim como foram capazes de completar a reação acrossômica in vitro. Em conclusão, os inibidores de serina-proteases, antipaína e PAI-1 (70 e 140ƞg) são capazes de preservar a integridade acrossomal de espermatozoides criopreservados de bovinos.

ABSTRACT Seminal plasma contains serine proteases and serine protease inhibitor, which are involved in mammalian fertilization, and the inhibitors can be applied to prevent cold-induced sperm capacitation. The effects of different concentrations of two serine protease inhibitors were analyzed, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 - PAI-1 (70ƞg, 140ƞg and 210 ƞg) and Antipain (10µg, 50µg and 100µg) as supplementation to bovine semen cryopreservation extender. The effects of the inhibitors on the sperm parameters (sperm kinetics - CASA, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm defects and acrosome reaction rate) were evaluated in the post-thaw semen. Cryopreservation of sperm with Antipain decreased post-thaw kinetic parameters of MP, VSL, LIN, SRT and the percentage of hyper-activated sperm while PAI-1 (210 ƞg) decreased VSL and LIN. Antipain and PAI-1 had no effect on the integrity parameters of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm defects. Sperm cryopreserved in the presence of Antipain and PAI-1 (70 and 140 ƞg) preserved acrosome integrity, as they were able to complete the in vitro acrosome reaction. In conclusion, the serine protease inhibitors, Antipain and PAI-1 (70 and 140ƞg) are able to preserve the acrosome integrity of cryopreserved bovine sperm.

This paper aims to understand how supervisor-nurses of a big private hospital in Belo Horizonte build their professional identity. In order to do that, a descriptive analytical case study was carried out in which nine supervisor nurses were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the analysis bymeans of the content analysis technique. The analysis focused on: the supervisor nurses' perception concerning the new management procedure used at the hospital; supervisor-nurses' routine at work; nursing education and professional practice; qualifications of an ideal nurse for the management position; and supervisor-nurses' carrier expectations. The results showed that the new management strategy used by thehospital was considered a significant space for the supervisor-nurses' identity reconfiguration, especially because it demonstrates a disharmony between academic instruction and daily practice at work.

O presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender como enfermeiros-supervisores de um hospital privado de grande porte situado em Belo Horizonte constro em sua identidade. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso descritivo-analítico, do qual participaram nove enfermeiros supervisores. A coleta de dados foi realizada pormeio de entrevista com roteiro semi-estruturado e a análise utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, que contemplou as unidades de análise: a percepção dos enfermeiros-supervisores quanto ao novo modo de gestão implantado no hospital; o cotidiano de trabalho dos enfermeiros-supervisores; a formação emenfermagem e a prática profissional; os requisitos de um enfermeiro ideal para a função gerencial; eexpectativas de carreira dos enfermeiros-supervisores. Os resultados mostraram que o novo modo de gestãoa dotado pelo hospital caracterizou-se como espaço significativo de reconfiguração identitária dos enfermeiros-supervisores, particularmente, por marcar o descompasso entre a formação acadêmica e as práticas no cotidiano do trabalho.

En este artículo se pretende comprender cómo los enfermeros-supervisores de un gran hospital privado ubicado en Belo Horizonte construyen su identidad. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de caso descriptivo y analítico que incluyó a nueve enfermeros-supervisores. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas con guión semiestructurado y el análisis mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido, que abarcó las siguientes unidades de análisis: la percepción de los enfermeros-supervisores en cuanto al nuevo método de gestión implantado en el hospital; el trabajo cotidiano de los enfermeros-supervisores; la formación en enfermería y la práctica profesional; los requisitos de un enfermero ideal para el puesto de gestión, y las expectativas de carrera de los enfermeros-supervisores. Los resultados mostraron que el nuevo modo de gestión adoptado por el hospital se caracterizó como un espacio significativo de reconfiguración de identidad de los enfermeros-supervisores, en particular, por poner de relieve el desnivel entre la formación académica y la práctica cotidiana del trabajo.

Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which induces chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease ranges from the tuberculoid to the lepromatous forms, depending on the cellular immune response of the host. Chemokines are thought to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of leprosy, but few studies have investigated the expression of chemokine receptors on leukocytes of leprosy patients. In the present study, we evaluated 21 leprosy patients (M/F: 16/5) with a new diagnosis from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais. The control group was composed of 20 healthy members (M/F: 15/5) of the community recruited by means of announcements. The expression of CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4 was investigated by flow cytometry on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes. There was a decrease in percentage of CD3+CXCR4+ and CD4+CXCR4+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of leprosy patients (median [range], 17.6 [2.7-41.9] and 65.3 [3.9-91.9], respectively) compared to the control group (median [range], 43.0 [3.7-61.3] and 77.2 [43.6-93.5], respectively). The percentage of CD4+CXCR4+ was significantly lower in patients with the tuberculoid form (median [range], 45.7 [0.0-83.1]) of the disease, but not in lepromatous patients (median [range], 81.5 [44.9-91.9]). The CXCR4 chemokine receptor may play a role in leprosy immunopathogenesis, probably directing cell migration to tissue lesions in tuberculoid leprosy patients.

Soro e rim de 75 suínos mestiços sem raça definida, criados em sistema extensivo e abatidos em Timon (MA) e Teresina (Piauí), Brasil, duas cidades separadas pelo Rio Parnaíba e 75 suínos mestiços de um sistema de criação em confinamento, filhos de Landrace, Large White e/ou Duroc foram utilizados neste estudo. Das 150 amostras analisadas pela prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), sete foram reagentes e o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (42,86%) foi o mais frequente. Uma comparação entre os dois sistemas para examinar uma predisposição para infecção para Leptospira spp. mostrou que a suscetibilidade foi maior nos animais criados extensivamente do que naqueles criados em confinamento (teste χ2, p<0,05). A presença de infiltrado inflamatório foi significantemente maior nos animais soropositivos comparados aos soronegativos (p<0,05, Teste U de Mann-Whitney). A análise morfométrica mostrou Leptospira spp. e o antígeno de leptospira apenas nos animais soropositivos (p<0,05, teste de U de Mann-Whitney). Apoptose em células epiteliais tubulares foi significantemente mais evidente nos animais infectados comparados aos não infectados (p<0,05, Teste U de Mann-Whitney). Uma eventual associação de antígeno de Leptospira e células epiteliais em apoptose sugere um provável mecanismo de lesão renal na leptospirose suína.

Serum and kidney of 75 mixed bred swine (no definite breed) reared in an extensive system and slaughtered in Timon (state of Maranhão) and Teresina (state of Piauí), Brazil, two cities separated from each other by the Parnaiba River, and 75 crossbred swine from a confinement rearing system, sired by Landrace, Large White and/or Duroc, were used in this study. From the 150 analyzed samples for the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), seven were reagents and the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (42.86%) was the most frequent. A comparison between both systems to verify a predisposition to Leptospira spp. infection showed that susceptibility was greater in extensively reared animals than in those bred in confinement (χ2 test, p<0.05). Inflammatory infiltrates covered an average area larger in the seropositive revealing a significant difference for the seronegative animals (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-Test). Morphometric analysis showed Leptospira spp. and antigen labeling in seropositive animals only (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells was significantly more evident in the infected animals compared to uninfected. The rearing system and environment conditions are an important factor in the susceptibility of swine to Leptospira spp. infection. An eventual association of leptospira antigen and apoptotic cells suggests a probable mechanism of renal injury at leptospirosis.

The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Efficacy assessment included number of panic attacks and clinician ratings of the global severity of panic disorders with the clinical global impression (CGI) improvement (CGI-I) and CGI severity (CGI-S) scales. Most patients were females (69.8 and 68.4% in the clonazepam and paroxetine groups, respectively) and age (mean ± SD) was 35.9 ± 9.6 years for the clonazepam group and 33.7 ± 8.8 years for the paroxetine group. Treatment with clonazepam versus paroxetine resulted in fewer weekly panic attacks at week 4 (0.1 vs 0.5, respectively; P < 0.01), and greater clinical improvements at week 8 (CGI-I: 1.6 vs 2.9; P = 0.04). Anxiety severity was significantly reduced with clonazepam versus paroxetine at weeks 1 and 2, with no difference in panic disorder severity. Patients treated with clonazepam had fewer adverse events than patients treated with paroxetine (73 vs 95%; P = 0.001). The most common adverse events were drowsiness/fatigue (57%), memory/concentration difficulties (24%), and sexual dysfunction (11%) in the clonazepam group and drowsiness/fatigue (81%), sexual dysfunction (70%), and nausea/vomiting (61%) in the paroxetine group. This naturalistic study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam and paroxetine in the acute treatment of patients with panic disorder.

Foram estudadas 42 amostras de fígado de camundongos inoculados com cercárias do Schistosoma mansoni, obtidas 40, 60, 80 e 120 dias após a infecção e processadas rotineiramente. As lâminas obtidas foram coradas pela HE para análise qualitativa e morfométrica do número e área dos granulomas e pelo MGP para quantificação de células apoptóticas. Os animais com 40 dias de inoculação possuíam menos granulomas/lâmina (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 11,78±4,01), com áreas pequenas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 52.713,88±5.244,34<FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>m²) e as menores médias de apoptose (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 7,50±0.99). Os animais com 60 dias de inoculação tiveram os maiores granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 114.851,20±5.517,20mim²), em maior número (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 92,88±10,62) e freqüente apoptose (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 18,73±1,35). Os com 80 dias de inoculação apresentaram diminuição no tamanho dos granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 89.305,57±6.162,79mim²), mas grande quantidade deles (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 131,09±15,60) e freqüência maior de apoptose (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 19,93±1,49). Com 120 dias, a apoptose continuou freqüente (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 19,84±1,88), os granulomas eram mais numerosos (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 231,20±34,57), porém menores (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 41.556,58±2.043,60mim²). A ocorrência de apoptose ajuda a explicar a redução na celularidade e a conseqüente diminuição da área dos granulomas. A apoptose foi confirmada histologicamente pela técnica de "tunel". Assim, a apoptose participa da modulação do fenômeno inflamatório do tipo granulomatoso, reacional à embolização de ovos do parasito no fígado. Com a evolução da doença, desenvolve-se uma tolerância imunológica aos antígenos do ovo do Schistosoma mansoni, evidenciada morfologicamente pela diminuição da área média dos granulomas e pela maior freqüência de apoptose nas células componentes do granuloma.

Forty two samples of liver, obtained from mice inoculated with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, were studied morphometrically. Samples were collected from mice at 40, 60, 80 and 120 days after inoculation and processed according to routine procedures. Four m m sections were stained by hematoxiline-eosine for microscopic evaluation, and morphometry of number and area of granulomas, and by MGP for apoptotic cells quantification, considering the age of inoculation. Forty days after inoculation the animals presented less granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 11.78 ± 4.01), less apoptosis (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 7.50 ± 0.99) and smaller granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 52,713.88 ± 5,244.34mum²). At 60 days of inoculation they presented the largest granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 114,851.20 ± 5,517.20mum²), increased numbers of granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 92.88 ± 10.62) and of apoptosis (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 18.73 ± 1.35). After 80 days of inoculation the number of granulomas had increased (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 131.09 ± 15.60), presenting smaller area (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 89,305.57 ± 6,162.79mum²) and increased apoptosis (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 19.93 ±1.49). Mice at 120 days after inoculation showed the greatest quantity of granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 231.20 ± 34.57), almost the same frequency of apoptosis (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 19.84 ± 1.88), but with the smallest areas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img02.gif" alt="a06img02.gif (533 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > or = 41,556.58 ± 2,043.60mum²). Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL technique. The occurrence of apoptosis helps to explain the decrease in both cellularity and area of granulomas. It was concluded that apoptosis participates in the modulation of the granulomatous inflammatory process in Schistosomiasis as a reaction to embolization and deposition of eggs of the parasite in liver. As Schistosomiasis progresses, some immunological tolerance to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens develops, which is detected morphologically and morphometrically by decrease in the area of the granulomas and by increase in the occurrence of apoptosis in granuloma cells.

Belostoma anurum foi criada no laboratório em condição semi-natural de fotoperíodo. A taxa de mortalidade durante o período pós-embrionário (38,6 ± 0,7 dias) foi de 26,3%. Durante este período a predação média de B. glabrata foi de 99,0 ± 9,4 caramujos. A média de incremento de comprimento e de peso seco por estádio ninfal foi de 1,4 ± 0,1 e 2,8 ± 0,5, respectivamente. A predação por adultos de B. anurum pode ser dividida em duas fases significativamente distintas: fase I (4,8 ± 1,4 caramujos/dia) e fase II (1,8 ± 0,5 caramujos/ dia). A maior predação verificada na fase I deve-se provavelmente à maturação sexual do belostomatídeo.

Belostoma anurum was reared under laboratory conditions. Specimens were exposed to semi-natural conditions of photo period. The mortality rate was 26.3% during the post embryonic period (38.6 ± 0.7 days). During this time the average predation of Biomphalaria glabrata was of 99.0 ± 9.4 snails. The mean increment ratio of length and dry weight per instar was of 1.4 ± 0.1 and 2.8 ± 0.5, respectively. The predation by B. anurum adults can be divided into two different periods: phase I (4.8 ± 1.4 snails/day) and phase II (1.8 ± 0.5 snails/day). The higher predation in phase I suggested the sexual maturation of the belostomatid.