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au:Mello, Fernanda Carvalho Queiroz

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Migration and medical screening for tuberculosis
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Johansen, Fernanda Dockhorn Costa

; Centis, Rosella

; D’Ambrosio, Lia

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2023, Volume 49 N. 2 elocation e20230051

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Vulnerable populations, such as migrants and refugees, have an increased risk of tuberculosis disease, especially in the first years after arrival in the host country. The presence of migrants and refugees in Brazil exponentially grew over the period between 2011 and 2020, and approximately 1.3 million migrants from the Global South were estimated to be residing in Brazil, most of whom from Venezuela and Haiti. Tuberculosis control programs for migrants can be divided into pre- and post-migration screening strategies. Pre-migration screening aims to identify cases of tuberculosis infection (TBI) and can be carried out in the country of origin (pre-entry) or in the destination country (at entry). Pre-migration screening can also detect migrants at an increased risk of developing tuberculosis in the future. High-risk migrants are then followed up in post-migration screening. In Brazil, migrants are considered a priority group for the active search for tuberculosis cases. However, there is no recommendation or plan regarding screening for TBI in migrants and refugees. Ensuring prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for TBI and tuberculosis disease in migrant populations is an important aspect of tuberculosis control and elimination. In this review article, we address epidemiological aspects and access to health care for migrants in Brazil. In addition, the migration medical screening for tuberculosis was reviewed.

RESUMO Populações vulneráveis, como imigrantes e refugiados, apresentam maior risco de tuberculose doença, especialmente nos primeiros anos após a chegada ao país de acolhimento. A presença de imigrantes e refugiados no Brasil cresceu exponencialmente no período entre 2011 e 2020, sendo estimado que aproximadamente 1,3 milhão de imigrantes do Sul Global residiam no Brasil, a maioria proveniente da Venezuela e do Haiti. Os programas de controle da tuberculose para imigrantes podem ser divididos em estratégias de triagem pré- e pós-migração. A triagem pré-migração visa identificar casos de tuberculose infecção (TBI) e pode ser realizada no país de origem (pré-entrada) ou no país de destino (no momento da entrada). A triagem pré-migração também pode detectar imigrantes com maior risco de desenvolver tuberculose no futuro. Os imigrantes de alto risco são então acompanhados na triagem pós-migração. No Brasil, os imigrantes são considerados um grupo prioritário para a busca ativa de casos de tuberculose. No entanto, não há recomendação ou plano sobre triagem para TBI em imigrantes e refugiados. Garantir a prevenção, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da TBI e da tuberculose doença em populações imigrantes é um aspecto importante do controle e eliminação da tuberculose. Neste artigo de revisão, abordamos aspectos epidemiológicos e acesso à saúde para imigrantes no Brasil. Além disso, revisou-se a triagem médica de imigrantes para tuberculose.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20230051

“Post-tuberculosis financial disease”-we need to face it to eliminate tuberculosis
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Santos, Ana Paula

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2023, Volume 49 N. 4 elocation e20230253

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20230253

Brazilian Thoracic Association recommendations for the management of post-tuberculosis lung disease
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Santos, Ana Paula

; Visca, Dina

; Bombarda, Sidney

; Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria Pretti

; Galvão, Tatiana

; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de

; Parente, Ana Alice Amaral Ibiapina

; Rabahi, Marcelo Fouad

; Sales, Roberta Karla Barbosa de

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2023, Volume 49 N. 6 elocation e20230269

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Historically, all efforts against tuberculosis were focused on rapid diagnosis and effective treatment to break the chain of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, in the last few years, more and more evidence has been found on the dramatic consequences of the condition defined as post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). Approximately one third of patients surviving pulmonary tuberculosis face considerable ongoing morbidities, including respiratory impairment, psychosocial challenges, and reduced health-related quality of life after treatment completion. Given the important global and local burden of tuberculosis, as well as the estimated burden of PTLD, the development of a consensus document by a Brazilian scientific society-Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT)-was considered urgent for the prevention and management of this condition in order to allocate resources to and within tuberculosis services appropriately and serve as a guide for health care professionals. A team of eleven pulmonologists and one methodologist was created by the SBPT to review the current evidence on PTLD and develop recommendations adapted to the Brazilian context. The expert panel selected the topics on the basis of current evidence and international guidelines. During the first phase, three panel members drafted the recommendations, which were divided into three sections: definition and prevalence of PTLD, assessment of PTLD, and management of PTLD. In the second phase, all panel members reviewed, discussed, and revised the recommendations until a consensus was reached. The document was formally approved by the SBPT in a special session organized during the 2023 SBPT Annual Conference.

RESUMO Historicamente, todos os esforços contra a tuberculose concentraram-se no diagnóstico rápido e no tratamento efetivo para quebrar a cadeia de transmissão do Mycobacterium tuberculosis. No entanto, nos últimos anos, têm sido encontradas mais e mais evidências sobre as dramáticas consequências da condição definida como doença pulmonar pós-tuberculose (DPPT). Aproximadamente um terço dos pacientes que sobrevivem à tuberculose pulmonar enfrenta morbidades consideráveis e persistentes, incluindo comprometimento respiratório, desafios psicossociais e redução da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde após o término do tratamento. Diante da importante carga global e local da tuberculose, bem como da carga estimada da DPPT, considerou-se urgente o desenvolvimento de um documento de consenso por uma sociedade científica brasileira - a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT) - para a prevenção e manejo dessa condição, a fim de alocar recursos de forma adequada para e nos serviços de tuberculose e servir de guia para os profissionais de saúde. Uma equipe de onze pneumologistas e um metodologista foi criada pela SBPT para revisar as evidências atuais sobre a DPPT e desenvolver recomendações adaptadas ao contexto brasileiro. O painel de especialistas selecionou os temas com base nas evidências atuais e diretrizes internacionais. Durante a primeira fase, três membros do painel redigiram as recomendações, que foram divididas em três seções: definição e prevalência de DPPT, avaliação da DPPT e manejo da DPPT. Na segunda fase, todos os membros do painel analisaram, discutiram e revisaram as recomendações até chegar a um consenso. O documento foi aprovado formalmente pela SBPT em sessão especial organizada durante o Congresso Anual da SBPT de 2023.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20230269

Analysis of catastrophic costs incurred by patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in an outpatient clinic in the state of Rio de Janeiro
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Medeiros, Regielle Luiza de

; Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende

; Neves, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Jeronymo

; Leite, Viviane de Jesus

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Kritski, Afrânio

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e0148-2023

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious global public health concern associated with social vulnerability. In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS, Portuguese) provides free diagnosis and treatment for MDR-TB; however, other expenses may still be incurred for patients and their families which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), can be catastrophic when these costs surpass 20.0% of the annual household income. This study aimed to assess the extent of catastrophic costs related to the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of MDR-TB among patients receiving care at an outpatient clinic in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: This prospective study used convenience sampling from July 2019 to June 2021. Data regarding direct and indirect costs were collected using a standardized questionnaire endorsed by the WHO. To analyze any impoverishment occurred from MDR-TB, a threshold established by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for 2019 and 2020 of US$ 79,562 and US$ 94,5273, respectively, was applied. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, including mean; standard deviation; variation coefficient; median; and maximum, minimum, and interquartile ranges. Results: A total of 65 patients were interviewed. Among the participants, 73.8% experienced catastrophic costs, with indirect costs exerting the most significant impact (median: US$ 3,825.9), in contrast to direct costs (median: US$ 542.7). When comparing the periods before and after diagnosis, the prevalence of poverty increased from 12.0% to 28.0%. Conclusions: Despite the support from the SUS in Brazil, diagnostic and therapeutic cascades incur additional costs, exacerbating social vulnerability among patients with MDR-TB.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0148-2023

Diagnosis and management of post-tuberculosis lung disease posttuberculosis post tuberculosis
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2023, Volume 49 N. 2 elocation e20230055

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20230055

Long-term respiratory outcomes after COVID-19: a Brazilian cohort study
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Visconti, Nina Rocha Godinho dos Reis

; Cailleaux-Cezar, Michelle

; Capone, Domenico

; Santos, Maria Izabel Veiga dos

; Graça, Nadja Polisseni

; Loivos, Luiz Paulo Pinheiro

; Pinto Cardoso, Alexandre

; Queiroz Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2022, Volume 46 elocation e187

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de los síntomas persistentes de la COVID-19 hasta 12 meses después del alta hospitalaria en pacientes sobrevivientes de esta enfermedad. Métodos. Este estudio prospectivo de cohorte incluyó pacientes con COVID-19 que recibieron el alta de un hospital universitario en Brasil. El seguimiento se hizo a los 2, 6 y 12 meses del alta. Se realizaron pruebas de función pulmonar y tomografía computarizada de tórax dos meses después del alta y se repitieron si los resultados eran anormales. Los resultados primarios investigados fueron síntomas presentes, situación laboral y limitaciones en las actividades diarias. Resultados. Se incluyeron 88 pacientes. Los síntomas más comunes fueron disnea (54,5%), fatiga (50,0%), mialgia y debilidad muscular (46,6%), que disminuyeron con el tiempo. La ansiedad fue frecuente (46,6%) y se mantuvo sin cambios. Un año después del alta, 43,2% de los pacientes notificaron limitaciones en las actividades diarias, y 17,6% no se había reincorporado al trabajo. El consumo de corticosteroides se asoció significativamente con disnea y limitaciones en las actividades diarias. Las mujeres tuvieron un mayor riesgo de fatiga en la evaluación a los 12 meses, con una importancia marginal después del ajuste multivariable. También fueron factores de riesgo de disnea en el seguimiento: edad temprana y engrosamiento de las paredes bronquiales en la tomografía computarizada al momento del ingreso hospitalario. Las anomalías más comunes de la función pulmonar fueron la reducción de la capacidad de difusión y la enfermedad de las vías respiratorias pequeñas, que mejoraron parcialmente con el tiempo. Conclusiones. Un año después del alta hospitalaria, más de un tercio de los pacientes todavía tenían síntomas persistentes relacionados con la COVID-19, disnea notable, fatiga y limitaciones en las actividades diarias, independientemente de la gravedad aguda de la enfermedad. La edad, el sexo femenino, el uso de corticosteroides durante la hospitalización y el engrosamiento bronquial en la tomografía computarizada al momento del ingreso hospitalario se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de secuelas.

ABSTRACT Objective. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for persistent symptoms up to 12 months after hospital discharge in COVID-19 survivors. Methods. This prospective cohort study included patients with COVID-19 discharged from a university hospital in Brazil. Follow-up was performed 2, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Lung function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) were performed 2 months after discharge and were repeated if abnormal. The primary outcomes were the symptoms present, work status, and limitations in daily activities. Results. Eighty-eight patients were included. Dyspnea (54.5%), fatigue (50.0%), myalgia, and muscle weakness (46.6%) were the most common symptoms, which decreased over time. Anxiety was frequent (46.6%) and remained unchanged. One year after discharge, 43.2% of the patients reported limitations in daily activities, and 17.6% had not returned to work. Corticosteroid use was significantly associated with dyspnea and limitations in daily activities. Females had an increased risk of fatigue at the 12-month assessment, with marginal significance after multivariable adjustment. Young age and bronchial wall thickening on admission CT were also risk factors for dyspnea at follow-up. The most common lung function abnormalities were reduced diffusion capacity and small airway disease, which partially improved over time. Conclusions. One year after hospital discharge, more than one-third of patients still had persistent COVID-19-related symptoms, remarkable dyspnea, fatigue, and limitations in daily activities, regardless of acute disease severity. Age, female sex, corticosteroid use during hospitalization, and bronchial thickening on admission CT were associated with an increased risk of sequelae.

RESUMO Objetivo. Investigar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para sintomas persistentes por até 12 meses após a alta hospitalar entre sobreviventes da COVID-19. Métodos. Este estudo de coorte prospectivo incluiu pacientes com COVID-19 que receberam alta de um hospital universitário do Brasil. O acompanhamento foi realizado 2, 6 e 12 meses após a alta. Testes de função pulmonar e tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax foram realizados 2 meses após a alta hospitalar e repetidos em caso de resultados alterados. Os desfechos primários foram os sintomas presentes, a situação de trabalho e as limitações nas atividades diárias. Resultados. Foram incluídos 88 pacientes. Dispneia (54,5%), fadiga (50,0%), mialgia e fraqueza muscular (46,6%) foram os sintomas mais comuns, que diminuíram com o tempo. A ansiedade era frequente (46,6%) e permaneceu inalterada. Um ano após a alta, 43,2% dos pacientes relatavam limitações nas atividades diárias e 17,6% não haviam retornado ao trabalho. O uso de corticosteroides estava significativamente associado à dispneia e a limitações nas atividades diárias. Pacientes do sexo feminino tinham um risco maior de fadiga na avaliação de 12 meses, com significância marginal após ajuste multivariado. A idade jovem e o espessamento da parede brônquica na TC de admissão também eram fatores de risco para dispneia no acompanhamento. As alterações mais comuns da função pulmonar foram capacidade de difusão reduzida e doença das pequenas vias aéreas, que melhoraram parcialmente com o tempo. Conclusões. Um ano após a alta hospitalar, mais de um terço dos pacientes ainda apresentava sintomas persistentes relacionados à COVID-19, dispneia marcante, fadiga e limitações nas atividades diárias, independentemente da gravidade da doença aguda. A idade, o sexo feminino, o uso de corticosteroides durante a internação e o espessamento brônquico na TC de admissão estavam associados a um maior risco de sequelas.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.187

Country-specific lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on tuberculosis control: a global study
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Migliori, Giovanni Battista

; Thong, Pei Min

; Alffenaar, Jan-Willem

; Denholm, Justin

; Tadolini, Marina

; Alyaquobi, Fatma

; Al-Abri, Seif

; Blanc, François-Xavier

; Buonsenso, Danilo

; Chakaya, Jeremiah

; Cho, Jin-Gun

; Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo

; Danila, Edvardas

; Duarte, Raquel

; Dukpa, Rada

; García-García, José-María

; Gualano, Gina

; Kurhasani, Xhevat

; Manika, Katerina

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Pahl, Kristin

; Rendon, Adrian

; Sotgiu, Giovanni

; Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou

; Thomas, Tania A.

; Tiberi, Simon

; Kunst, Heinke

; Udwadia, Zarir F.

; Goletti, Delia

; Centis, Rosella

; D’Ambrosio, Lia

; Silva, Denise Rossato

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2022, Volume 48 N. 2 elocation e20220087

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as medidas de confinamento específicas de cada país e os indicadores de tuberculose coletados durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Dados referentes a confinamento/restrições sociais (uso obrigatório de máscaras faciais e higiene obrigatória das mãos; restrições a viagens internacionais e locais; restrições a visitas familiares e fechamento das escolas) foram coletados de 24 países em cinco continentes. A maioria dos países implantou múltiplos confinamentos, com reabertura parcial ou total. Houve uma redução geral dos casos de tuberculose ativa, tuberculose resistente e tuberculose latente. Embora os confinamentos nacionais tenham sido eficazes na contenção dos casos de COVID-19, vários indicadores de tuberculose foram afetados durante a pandemia.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe country-specific lockdown measures and tuberculosis indicators collected during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on lockdown/social restrictions (compulsory face masks and hand hygiene; international and local travel restrictions; restrictions to family visits, and school closures) were collected from 24 countries spanning five continents. The majority of the countries implemented multiple lockdowns with partial or full reopening. There was an overall decrease in active tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and latent tuberculosis cases. Although national lockdowns were effective in containing COVID-19 cases, several indicators of tuberculosis were affected during the pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20220087

Effects of COVID-19 on tuberculosis control: past, present, and future
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2022, Volume 48 N. 2 elocation e20220102

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20220102

Diagnosis of tuberculosis: a consensus statement from the Brazilian Thoracic Association
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Rabahi, Marcelo Fouad

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

; Silva-Junior, José Laerte Rodrigues da

; Capone, Domenico

; Bombarda, Sidney

; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de

; Rocha, Jorge Luiz da

; Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria Pretti

; Rick, Mônica Flores

; Santos, Ana Paula

; Dalcin, Paulo de Tarso Roth

; Galvão, Tatiana Senna

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2021, Volume 47 N. 2 elocation e20210054

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O diagnóstico precoce e adequado da tuberculose é um dos pilares mais importantes no controle da doença. A proposta deste consenso brasileiro é apresentar aos profissionais da área de saúde um documento com as evidências mais atuais e úteis para o diagnóstico da tuberculose. Para tanto, a Comissão de Tuberculose da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia reuniu 14 membros da Sociedade com reconhecida experiência em tuberculose no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão não sistemática dos seguintes tópicos: diagnóstico clínico, diagnóstico bacteriológico, diagnóstico radiológico, diagnóstico histopatológico, diagnóstico da tuberculose na criança e diagnóstico da tuberculose latente.

ABSTRACT Early, accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis is one of the major pillars of the control of the disease. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide health professionals with the most current, useful evidence for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Brazil. To that end, the Tuberculosis Committee of the Brazilian Thoracic Association brought together 14 members of the Association with recognized expertise in tuberculosis in Brazil to compose the statement. A nonsystematic review of the following topics was carried out: clinical diagnosis, bacteriological diagnosis, radiological diagnosis, histopathological diagnosis, diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, and diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210054 348 downloads

10.

Tuberculosis Series 2021
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2021, Volume 47 N. 2 elocation e20210109

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210109 531 downloads

11.

Tuberculosis and COVID-19, the new cursed duet: what differs between Brazil and Europe?
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Silva, Denise Rossato

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; D’Ambrosio, Lia

; Centis, Rosella

; Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti

; Migliori, Giovanni Battista

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2021, Volume 47 N. 2 elocation e20210044

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Em 1º de abril de 2020, a COVID-19 ultrapassou a tuberculose em número de óbitos por dia no mundo. A associação da tuberculose com a COVID-19 apresenta grande potencial de morbidade e mortalidade. Além disso, a pandemia de COVID-19 tem tido um impacto significativo no diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose. Neste artigo de revisão, abordamos tuberculose e COVID-19 concomitantes, com particular atenção às diferenças entre Brasil e Europa. Além disso, discutimos as prioridades em atendimento clínico, saúde pública e pesquisa.

ABSTRACT On April 1st, 2020, COVID-19 surpassed tuberculosis regarding the number of deaths per day worldwide. The combination of tuberculosis and COVID-19 has great potential for morbidity and mortality. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. In this review article, we address concurrent tuberculosis and COVID-19, with particular regard to the differences between Brazil and Europe. In addition, we discuss priorities in clinical care, public health, and research.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210044 956 downloads

12.

Applicability of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test as a measure of health status in patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis
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Torres, Diego de Faria Magalhães

; Nascimento, Aléxia Carolina Soares do

; Destro, Sara Ferreira

; Cardoso, Alexandre Pinto

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2021, Volume 47 N. 4 elocation e20210170

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210170

13.

Using the No-Apnea score to screen for obstructive sleep apnea in adults referred to a sleep laboratory: comparative study of the performance of the instrument by gender
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Duarte, Ricardo Luiz de Menezes

; Silveira, Flavio José Magalhães da

; Sá, Tiago Soares de Oliveira e

; Rabahi, Marcelo Fouad

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Gozal, David

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2020, Volume 46 N. 5 elocation e20190297

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do escore No-Apnea, um instrumento simplificado para a triagem da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS), relacionado ao gênero. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo indivíduos adultos submetidos à polissonografia completa. O No-Apnea é um modelo contendo dois itens (circunferência do pescoço e idade) com uma pontuação total de 0 a 9. A gravidade da AOS foi baseada no índice de apneia-hipopneia ≥ 5 eventos/h (qualquer AOS), ≥ 15 eventos/h (AOS moderada/grave) e ≥ 30 eventos/h (AOS grave). O desempenho do No-Apnea foi avaliado pela área sob a curva (ASC) ROC e tabelas de contingência. Resultados: No total, 6.606 adultos (53,8% homens) foram avaliados. No geral, para a triagem dos diferentes níveis de gravidade de AOS, o No-Apnea teve sensibilidade variando de 83,9% a 93,0% e especificidade variando de 57,3% a 35,2%. Em todos os níveis de gravidade da AOS, o No-Apnea exibiu maior sensibilidade e menor especificidade nos homens que nas mulheres. O No-Apnea mostrou ser um adequado modelo de triagem para os pacientes em geral ou quando separados por gênero ou gravidade da AOS (ASC > 0,7 para todos). A capacidade discriminatória do No-Apnea em predizer qualquer AOS, AOS moderada/grave e AOS grave foi semelhante entre os sexos (p = 0,109, p = 0,698 e p = 0,094, respectivamente). Conclusões: Em uma amostra de indivíduos adultos encaminhados para laboratório do sono, o No-Apnea apresentou discriminação similar para a triagem de AOS de acordo com sua gravidade em mulheres e homens.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the performance of the No-Apnea score, a simplified screening instrument for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), by gender. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including adults undergoing full polysomnography. The No-Apnea model comprises two items (neck circumference and age) with a total score of 0 to 9. The severity of OSA was categorized, on the basis of the apnea-hypopnea index, as any (≥ 5 events/h), moderate-to-severe (≥ 15 events/h), or severe (≥ 30 events/h). The performance of the No-Apnea instrument was assessed by determining the area under the (ROC) curve (AUC) and by constructing contingency tables. Results: We evaluated a total of 6,606 adults (53.8% men). For categorizing the level of OSA severity, the No-Apnea score had a sensitivity of 83.9-93.0% and a specificity of 57.3-35.2%. At all OSA severity levels, the No-Apnea score exhibited higher sensitivity and lower specificity in men than in women. The No-Apnea score proved to be an appropriate screening model for patients in general or when separated by gender or severity of OSA (AUC > 0.7 for all). The discriminatory power of the No-Apnea score to predict any, moderate-to-severe, and severe OSA was similar between genders (p = 0.109, p = 0.698, and p = 0.094, respectively). Conclusions: In a sample of adults referred to the sleep laboratory, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the discriminatory power of the No-Apnea instrument in for screening for OSA severity.

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20190297 521 downloads

14.

Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children using blood and urine specimens
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Costa-Lima, Juliana Figueirêdo da

; Pimentel, Lílian Maria Lapa Montenegro

; Santos, Fabiana Cristina Fulco

; Salazar, Marcela Pereira

; Duarte, Rafael Silva

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Schindler, Haiana Charifker

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Laboratory and clinical features of childhood tuberculosis (TB) are non-specific and establishing an accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. This study evaluated a Single tube nested-PCR (STNPCR) to detect genomic DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in blood and urine. METHODS: Biological samples were obtained from children (<15 years old) with clinical suspicion of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB at public hospitals in Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil. Cultures yielded negative results in a majority of childhood TB cases, which are generally paucibacillary. A set of clinical, epidemiological, radiological, and laboratory criteria with evident clinical improvement after anti-TB treatment were frequently used to define childhood TB cases. RESULTS: Ninety children with clinical suspicion were enrolled in this study (44 with TB and 46 without TB). The pulmonary TB group had 20 confirmed cases and 46 negative controls, while the extrapulmonary TB group had 24 confirmed cases. The STNPCR showed sensitivities to pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB of 47.4% and 52.2% (blood) and 38.8% and 20% (urine), respectively. Considering the low performance of STNPCR on separate samples, we decided to perform a combined analysis (parallel sensitivity analysis) of the results from blood and urine samples. The parallel sensitivity increased to 65% in blood and 62.5% in urine. The specificity in both samples ranged from 93.5-97.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Although STNPCR showed moderate sensitivity, the specificity is high; therefore, the test can be used as an auxiliary tool to diagnose TB in children. It is a rapid test that demonstrated better performance than other diagnostic tests in paucibacillary samples as it does in childhood tuberculosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0051-2020 474 downloads

15.

Detection of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Using Kit SIRE Nitratase®: a Multicenter Study
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Miranda, Silvana Spindola de

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

; Mansur, Maria de Fátima Filardi Oliveira

; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva

; Hadaad, João Paulo Amaral

; Diniz, Jaciara de Lourdes do Carmo Guimarães

; Groll, Andrea von

; Silva, Pedro Almeida da

; Lopes, Maria Luiza

; Santos, Marcelo Cordeiro dos

; Brito, Alexandra

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Malaquias, Thiago da Silva Santos

; Croda, Julio

; Pinhata, Juliana Maira Watanabe

; Oliveira, Rosângela Siqueira de

; Chimara, Erica

; Rossetti, Maria Lúcia

; Halon, Maria Laura

; Lourenço, Maria Cristina

; Medeiros, Reginalda Ferreira de Melo

; Montes, Fátima Cristina Onofre Fandinho

; Machado, Diana

; Viveiros, Miguel

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2020, Volume 63 elocation e20190179

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract (1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190179 905 downloads

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