Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre as práticas alimentares e a condição de insegurança alimentar familiar (InSAN) entre crianças de alto risco durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo transversal foi realizado com 147 crianças de 1 a 9 anos atendidas em três centros de referência de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio de Índices de Alimentação Saudável. A Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional mediu o grau de InSAN entre as famílias. As associações entre a InSAN e as práticas alimentares foram avaliadas por meio de modelos de regressão logística. Neste estudo, quase metade das crianças vivia em situação de insegurança alimentar (47,6%). A InSAN foi associada à deterioração da qualidade da dieta, evidenciada pelo aumento da frequência semanal de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP), como bebidas adoçadas com açúcar e carnes processadas, e frequência reduzida de frutas e vegetais. A redução de consumo de carne e de leite e o aumento na ingestão de AUP foi mais relatado entre as famílias em InSAN. Nossos resultados sugerem que a condição de InSAN foi associado à deterioração da qualidade da dieta durante a fase crítica do isolamento social.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las prácticas alimentarias y la inseguridad alimentaria familiar (InSAN) entre niños de alto riesgo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con 147 niños de 1 a 9 años atendidos en tres centros de salud de referencia de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. La calidad de la dieta se evaluó mediante índices de alimentación saludable. La Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional midió el grado de InSAN entre las familias. Las asociaciones entre InSAN y las prácticas dietéticas se evaluaron mediante modelos de regresión logística. En este estudio, casi la mitad de los niños vivían en situación de inseguridad alimentaria (47,6%). InSAN se asoció con un deterioro en la calidad de la dieta, evidenciado por el aumento de la frecuencia semanal de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (AUP), como bebidas azucaradas y carnes procesadas, y frecuencia reducida de frutas y verduras. La reducción en el consumo de carne y leche y el aumento en la ingesta de AUP fueron más reportados entre las familias del InSAN. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el estado de InSAN se asoció con el deterioro de la calidad de la dieta durante la fase crítica del aislamiento social.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary practices and household food insecurity (HFI) status among high-risk children during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 147 children aged 1 to 9 attending at three reference health centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Diet quality data was assessed using Healthy Eating Indices. The Brazilian Scale of Food and Nutrition Insecurity measured HFI status. Associations between HFI and dietary practices were assessed using logistic regression models. Almost half of the children lived with food insecurity (47.6%). HFI was associated with deteriorated diet quality, evidenced by the increased weekly frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), such as sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats, and reduced frequency of fruits and vegetables. Parents perceived a reduction in meat and milk consumption and an increase in the intake of UPF among households of children in HFI throughout the pandemic. Our results suggest that HFI status was associated with deterioration in diet quality during the critical phase of social isolation.

Abstract The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by 11 enzyme deficiencies, classified into seven types. Data on the birth prevalence of each MPS type are available for only a few countries, and the totality of cases may be underestimated. To determine the epidemiological profile of MPS in each Brazilian region, we analyzed data collected between 1982 and 2019 by a national reference laboratory and identified 1,652 patients. Using data between 1994 and 2018, the birth prevalence (by 100,000 live births) for MPS was 1.57. MPS II was the most common type of MPS in Brazil, and its birth prevalence was 0.48 (0.94 considering only male births). Regarding the number of cases per region, MPS II was the most frequent in the North and Center-West (followed by MPS VI), and also in the Southeast (followed by MPS I); MPS I and MPS II were the most common types in the South; and MPS VI was the most common in the Northeast (followed by MPS II). The differences observed in the relative frequencies of MPS types across Brazilian regions are likely linked to founder effect, endogamy, and consanguinity, but other factors may be present and need further investigation.