ABSTRACT The pancreatic form of tuberculosis (TB) is rare and its diagnosis is challenging, since it manifests itself with non-specific symptoms and non-pathognomonic radiological findings, mimicking a neoplasia of the pancreas. Here, we report the case of a patient who had previously undergone liver transplantation and sought care for abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, hematochezia and postprandial fullness. Following an exploratory laparotomy and nucleic acid amplification testing on a pancreatic sample that had been collected, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic TB. The patient received anti-tubercular pharmacological therapy and required percutaneous biliary drainage. Awareness of the possibility of a pancreatic TB diagnosis is important for clinicians. This attention should be even greater in patients who have undergone transplants, who are immunodeficient or who are from endemic areas. (TB challenging nonspecific non specific nonpathognomonic pathognomonic findings pancreas Here pain loss anorexia fullness collected antitubercular anti tubercular drainage clinicians transplants areas

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia. Chronic complications affect a number of organs, including the lungs. Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae) is a plant used to treat respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cissampelos sympodialis extract (CSE) in lungs of diabetic rats. We used 30 Wistar rats divided into three groups: control group (CG), diabetic group (DG) and diabetic Cissampelos sympodialis treatment group (DTG). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg i.v.). The CSE (400 mg/kg, po) was administered daily, during four weeks, beginning one week after the onset of DM. The treatment with CSE was not able to reduce blood glucose levels after streptozotocin injection. However, it was able to decrease cholesterol and triglycerides and prevent damage on pancreatic islets morphology. Additionally, morphological alterations such as alveolar septa loss, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis were seen in lung tissue of rats with DM, and treatment with CSE apparently reversed these histopathological findings. Thus, CSE treatment reduced the lipid profile and restored the lung architecture of diabetic animals by a mechanism independent of glycemia and which might be associated with the reduction of the damage on the pancreatic islets.

Increasing water scarcity and depleted water productivity in irrigated soils are inducing farmers to adopt improved varieties, such as those with high-capacity tolerance. The use of tolerant varieties of sugarcane might substantially avoid the decline of productivity under water deficit. This research aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of drought on the physiology of two sugarcane varieties (RB867515 and RB962962) during the initial development. Young plants were subjected to irrigation suspension until total stomata closure, and then rewatered. Significant reduction on stomatal conductance, transpiration, and net photosynthesis were observed. RB867515 showed a faster stomatal closure while RB962962 slowed the effects of drought on the gas exchanges parameters with a faster recovering after rewatering. Accumulation of carbohydrates, amino acids, proline, and protein in the leaves and roots of the stressed plants occurred in both varieties, substantially linked to reduction of the leaf water potential. Due to the severity of stress, this accumulation was not enough to maintain the cell turgor pressure, so relative water content was diminished. Water stress affected the contents of chlorophyll (a, b, and total) in both varieties, but not the levels of carotenoids. There was a significant reduction in dry matter under stress. In conclusion, RB962962 variety endured stressed conditions more than RB867515, since it slowed down the damaging effects of drought on the gas exchanges. In addition, RB962962 presented a faster recovery than RB867515, a feature that qualifies it as a variety capable of enduring short periods of drought without major losses in the initial stage of its development.

To evaluate physiological genotypic differences between two Barbados cherry genotypes (13- and 14-CPA) under water deficit, initial growth, water relations, and organic solute accumulation were evaluated in an experiment performed using four-month-old seedlings, which were subjected to four water treatments (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity), with five replications. Severe water deficit (25% of field capacity) negatively affected plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of the leaves and stem to both genotypes, and root dry matter to genotype 13-CPA. Predawn (Ywpd) and midday leaf water potentials (Ywmd) were reduced in plants grown under 25% of field capacity, only in the genotype 14-CPA. There was not a change in relative water content, even with the reduction in the leaf water potential. Severe water deficit did not induce organic solutes accumulation, instead it reduced carbohydrate content in leaves of genotypes and aminoacids, proline and proteins, in genotype 13-CPA. In the roots accumulation of all organic solutes studied, it was verified genotype 13-CPA under 25% of field capacity, but only carbohydrates increased in plants under 25% of field capacity to 14-CPA. These results suggest two different mechanisms used by Barbados cherry genotypes to maintain the water status. To the 13-CPA one, the accumulation of soluble organic solutes in the roots is the main mechanism used to maintain the tissue hydration. However, the 14-CPA genotype changed the root to shoot ratio in order to avoid desiccation. Despite the mechanism used by both genotypes, a moderate drought stress does not induce significant morphophysiological changes in Barbados cherry.

A análise retrospectiva de 74 prontuários de pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), operados de câncer colorretal pelo Residente R2 supervisionado e auxiliado por preceptores, permitiu as seguintes conclusões: a média etária dos pacientes foi 57,2, sendo as sexta e sétima décadas responsáveis por 51,4% dos pacientes. O câncer retal foi preponderante nas mulheres (54,1%). As localizações mais comuns dos tumores foram no sigmoide (31,1%), reto alto (24,3%) e ceco (17,6%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram a retossigmoidectomia com anastomose colorretal (36,6%), e hemicolectomia direita com anastomose íleo-transverso (21,7%). As características anatômicas dos tumores, baseadas na classificação TNM, mais comuns foram: T3 (62,1%), N0 (59,5%) e M0 (77,0%) (p<0,05). O número médio de gânglios encontrados nas peças cirúrgicas foi de 10,4. Foram feitas 63 anastomoses (85,1%), das quais 38 (60,3%) foram mecânicas e 25, manuais (39,7%). Houve 14 comorbidades (18,9%), destacando-se a caquexia (oito casos). O índice de complicações cirúrgicas foi de 12,2% (nove casos), sendo as cirurgias que mais causaram complicações as colectomias totais com anastomose íleo-retal (40,0%) e as retossigmoidectomias abdominais, com duplo grampeamento (20%), sendo as complicações mais comuns as fístulas anastomóticas (cinco casos). As complicações (nove) decorreram mais das comorbidades (sete) que do ato cirúrgico (duas). As cirurgias que demandaram menos tempo foram: as laparotomias com ileostomia (média de 75 minutos) e as com colostomia (média de 95 minutos), sendo os maiores tempos ocupados pela proctocolectomia total com ileostomia definitiva (240 minutos) e as hemicolectomias esquerdas com anastomose transverso-retal (240 minutos), sendo o tempo médio equivalente a 160 minutos. As menores peças cirúrgicas foram as decorrentes da cirurgia de Hartmann (29 cm) e de retossigmoidectomia abdominal (32 cm); e as mais extensas, as peças de colectomia total com anastomose íleo-retal (120 cm) e proctocolectomia total com ileostomia definitiva (150 cm), ficando a média em 34,5. Houve 12 óbitos (16,2%), dois dos quais diretamente relacionados à cirurgia (um caso de deiscência de anastomose e um de evisceração); três relacionados à complicações de ordem clínica (dois casos de TEP e um de broncopneumonia); e sete comorbidades

In the framework of postgraduate Coloproctology for 2009, two graduate students conducted the second year as principal surgeons, 129 major surgeries, always assisted effectively by one or two tutors. All surgeries were performed on public patients in Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, with absolute presence of members of the Grupo de Coloproctologia da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (GCP-CBHS-FCMMG). A retrospective analysis of 74 medical records of patients from the Brazilian National Health System, resected of colorectal cancer by Resident R2, supervised and assisted by mentors, could get into the following conclusions: the average age of patients was 57.2, and the sixth and seventh decades accounted for 51.4% of the patients. The rectal cancer was predominant in women (54.1%). The most common sites of tumors were in the sigmoid (31.1%), rectum (24.3%), and cecum (17.6%). The most commonly performed procedures were retossigmoidectomy with colorectal anastomosis (36.6%) and right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis (21.7%). The anatomical characteristics of the tumors based on TNM classification findings were: T3 (62.1%), N0 (59.5%), and M0 (77.0%) (p<0.05). The average number of lymph nodes found in surgical specimens was 10.4. Sixty-three anastomoses (85.1%) were carried out, being 38 (60.3%) mechanical and 25, manual (39.7%). There were 14 comorbidities (18.9%), the cachexia having more prominence (eight cases). The rate of surgical complications was 12.2% (nine cases), and the surgeries that have caused more complications were total colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis (40.0%), and double stapled abdominal retossigmoidectomy (20%). The most common complications were anastomotic fistula (five cases). Complications (nine) were more caused by comorbidities (seven) than by the surgical procedure (two). The surgeries that required less time were: laparotomy with ileostomy (average of 75 minutes) and with colostomy (average of 95 minutes), and the longest times were occupied by total proctocolectomy with definite ileostomy (240 minutes) and left hemicolectomy with transverse-rectal anastomosis (240 minutes), with an average length of 160 minutes. The smaller specimens were those resulting from Hartmann's procedure (29 cm) and retossigmoidectomy (32 cm); and the most extensive specimens were of total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (120 cm) and total proctocolectomy with terminal ileostomy (150 cm), with the mean at 34.5. There were 12 deaths (16.2%), two of which directly related to surgery and the other related to clinical complications and comorbities

Dentro do Programa de pós-graduação em Coloproctologia, durante o ano 2009, os dois pós-graduandos de segundo ano realizaram, como cirurgiões principais, 129 cirurgias de grande porte, sempre assistidos, efetivamente, por um ou dois preceptores. Todas as cirurgias foram realizadas em pacientes do SUS, na Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, com absoluta presença dos membros do Grupo de Coloproctologia da Santa Casa e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (GCP-SCBH-FCMMG). Foi feita uma análise retrospectiva dos 129 prontuários, permitindo várias observações importantes. A média etária dos pacientes foi 56,9 anos, com extremos de 25 e 87 anos, sendo as sexta e sétima décadas a mais representativa, respectivamente com 25,6% e 24,8%, totalizando 50,4% dos 55 pacientes (p<0,05). Dos 129 pacientes, 51,2% eram sexo feminino (51,2%) (p>0,05). A entidade nosológica mais comum foi o câncer colorretal (74 casos; 57,4%), seguindo as ileostomias (16 casos; 12,4%) e as complicações cirúrgicas (11 casos; 8,5%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram as retossigmoidectomia com anastomose colorretal (35 casos; 27,1%), as hemicolectomias direitas com anastomose ileo-transverso (20 casos; 15,5%) e o restabelecimento de trânsito intestinal de ileostomia (16 casos;12,4%). Das 129 cirurgias 53 (41,1%) não envolveram anastomoses e 76 (58,9%) envolveram ressecções intestinais e anastomoses. Houve oito co-morbidades (6,2%), sendo a caquexia (três casos) a mais comum. Houve 17 complicações (13,2%), 11 envolvendo as 76 ressecções com anastomose (14,5%) e seis as ressecções sem anastomoses (11,3%). As complicações mais comuns entre as 11 provenientes de ressecções e anastomoses foram as deiscências (sete; 9,2%). As anastomoses mecânicas (55) complicaram mais (16,3%) que as manuais (21) (9,5%). Houve 14 óbitos (10,8%), sendo seis (4,6%) devidos à sepse, quatro (3,1%) devido a TEP e quatro (3,1%) devido a falência múltipla de órgãos. Dos 14 óbitos, quatro (3,1%) foram decorrentes de complicações cirúrgicas e dez (7,7%) foram decorrentes de co-morbidades.

In the framework of postgraduate Coloproctology for the year 2009, the two graduate students conducted the second year as principal surgeons, 129 major surgeries, always assisted effectively by one or two tutors. All surgeries were performed on public patients in Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, with absolute presence of members of the Coloproctology Unit of Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais (GCP-CBHS-FCMMG). A retrospective analysis of 129 medical records was carried out, allowing several important observations. The average age of patients was 56.9 years, with extremes of 25 and 87 years, while the sixth and seventh decades the most representative, with respectively 25.6% and 24.8% to 50.4% of 55 patients (p <0.05). Most of the 129 patients were female (51.2%) (p> 0.05). The most common nosological entity was colorectal cancer (74 cases, 57.4%), following the ileostomies (16 cases, 12.4%) and surgical complications of previous surgeries (11 cases, 8.5%). The most commonly performed procedures were abdominal rectosigmoidectomy with colorectal anastomosis (35 cases, 27.1%), the right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis (20 cases, 15.5%) and the resumption of intestinal transit of ileostomy (16 cases, 12, 4%). Of 129 surgeries 53 (41.1%) did not involve anastomosis and 76 (58.9%) involved intestinal resection and anastomosis. There were eight co-morbidities (6.2%) and cachexia (three cases) the most common. There were 17 complications (13.2%), 11 involving the 76 resections with anastomosis (14.5%) and six resections without anastomosis (11.3%). The most common complications among the 11 patients from resection and anastomosis were dehiscence (seven, 9.2%). The mechanical anastomosis (55) developed more complications (16.3%) than handmade anastomosis (21) (9.5%). There were 14 deaths (10.8%), six (4.6%) due to sepsis, four (3.1%) due to pulmonary thromboembolic disease and four (3.1%) due to multiple organ failure. Of the 14 deaths, four (3.1%) were due to surgical complications and ten (7.7%) were due to co-morbidities.