ABSTRACT Although soybean is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world, it has been losing genetic diversity in recent decades, due to the intense breeding process and reproduction method. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic diversity among inbred lines, and identify promising crossings. A total of 66 soybean genotypes were evaluated, 61 of which were pre-commercial lines, and five commercial cultivars (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) as controls. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates. The distance matrix between the inbred lines was calculated by Mahalanobis distance and grouping by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The maximum distance was 1,776.26 between cultivar M7110 and the G23 inbred line, and the minimum 1.50 between inbred lines G13 and G36, with an average distance of 364.40, demonstrating genetic diversity. The traits that contributed most to genetic divergence were number of days to flowering (66.7%) and physiological maturation (28.55%). Inbred lines G60 (higher grain yield), G51 and G33 (lower physiological maturation) and cultivar M7110 (greater divergence) stood out. Four groups were formed, with G1 having the highest grain yield and fewest days to flowering and physiological maturation. The indicated crossings are between G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 and G32 (group G1) and G47 (group G4).

RESUMO A soja é uma das mais importantes comodities agrícolas mundiais, no entanto, devido ao intenso processo de melhoramento e sua forma de reprodução, vem perdendo diversidade genética ao longo das últimas décadas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico, estimar a diversidade genética entre as linhagens e identificar cruzamentos promissores. Para isto, foram avaliados 66 genótipos de soja, sendo 61 linhagens pré-comerciais e cinco cultivares comerciais (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) como controles. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A matriz de distância entre as linhagens foi calculada pela distância de Mahalanobis e o agrupamento pelo método da ligação média entre grupos (UPGMA). A distância máxima foi de 1.776,26 entre as linhagens M7110 e G23, e a mínima de 1,50 entre as linhagens G13 e G36, sendo a distância média de 364,40, demonstrando a existência de diversidade genética. Os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram número de dias para o florescimento (66,7%) e maturação fisiológica (28,55%). As linhagens G60 (maior produtividade de grãos), G51 e G33 (menor maturação fisiológica) e a cultivar M7110 (maior divergência) se destacaram. Formaram-se quatro grupos, sendo o grupo G1 com maior produtividade de grãos e menor número de dias para o florescimento e maturação fisiológica. Os cruzamentos indicados são entre G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 e G32 (grupo G1) com a G47 (grupo G4).

Resumo Uma educação voltada para a reflexão, para o trabalho em grupo e a aprendizagem significativa, utiliza metodologias ativas visando valorizar o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e sociais. Integrantes do conjunto de metodologias ativas, as atividades decorrentes deram origem a construção de narrativas e portfolio que são estratégias de ensino voltadas à promoção de aprendizagem significativa e suas utilizações perpassam por todos os níveis de ensino. Essa estratégia de ensino pode gerar registros importantes para avaliação da aprendizagem. Objetivos: descrever a prática pedagógica desenvolvida na disciplina Currículo e Ensino na Saúde na perspectiva discente sobre o uso de estratégias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem. Métodos: análise documental dos registros feitos pelos discentes do Programa de pós-graduação Mestrado Profissional Ensino na Saúde, que cursaram a disciplina Currículo e Ensino na Saúde, sobre a prática pedagógica desenvolvida na referida disciplina. Resultados: análise documental dos registros feitos pelos discentes que cursaram a disciplina Currículo e Ensino na Saúde revelaram que houve inovação e reflexão sobre suas práticas profissionais. A análise das percepções discentes mostrou que a utilização de metodologias ativas possibilitou a construção do conhecimento e tornou o aprendizado mais significativo. Foi possível aferir nas narrativas sobre o uso dessas metodologias, que o trabalho de elaboração dos registros das atividades, ora de forma individual, ora de forma coletiva, contribuíram para um olhar ampliado sobre planejamento curricular, PPC, prática docente, protagonismo discente e gerando inovação na disciplina. Conclusão. O planejamento na disciplina favoreceu a metodologia de ensino, contribuiu para uma aprendizagem significativa e para a formação de profissionais mais críticos e reflexivos, especialmente, aos que atuavam na docência, estimulou maior participação e engajamento na disciplina e favoreceu à aprendizagem discente.

Abstract An education geared towards reflection, group work and meaningful learning, uses active methodologies aimed at valuing the development of cognitive and social skills. Integrating the set of active methodologies, the resulting activities gave rise to the construction of narratives and portfolio that are teaching strategies aimed at promoting meaningful learning and their uses permeate all levels of education. This teaching strategy can generate important records for learning evaluation. Objectives: describe the pedagogical practice developed in the discipline Curriculum and teaching in health from the student's perspective on the use of active teaching and learning strategies. Methods: documental analysis of records made by students of the Postgraduate Professional Master's Program in Health Education, who attended the Curriculum and Health Teaching course, on the pedagogical practice developed in that course. Results: document analysis of the records made by the students who attended the Curriculum and Teaching in Health discipline revealed that there was innovation and reflection on their professional practices. The analysis of students' perceptions showed that the use of active methodologies enabled the construction of knowledge and made learning more meaningful. It was possible to verify in the narratives about the use of these methodologies, that the work of elaborating the records of activities, sometimes individually, sometimes collectively, contributed to an expanded look at curriculum planning, CPP, teaching practice, student protagonist, generating innovation in discipline. Conclusion: planning in the discipline favored the teaching methodology, can contribute to meaningful learning and favor the formation of more critical and reflective professionals, especially those who work in teaching, stimulated greater participation and engagement in the discipline and favored student learning.

ABSTRACT Dependence on external raw materials, the high cost of fertilizers, and the search for more sustainable alternatives have encouraged research with remineralizers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding remineralizers associated or not with a bioactivator on pH, H+Al, Al, P, and K in two soils after four incubation times. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, as follows: doses of remineralizers (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 Mg ha-1), bioactivator (with and without application), type of remineralizer (basalt and serpentinite), and soil class (Oxisol and Entisol), with four replications. The soils were incubated for 30, 90, 120, and 240 days after the treatment applications. The samples were submitted to pH, Al, H+Al, P, and K analyses at the end of each incubation period. The use of increasing doses of remineralizers favored an increase in pH, P, and K and a reduction in Al and H+Al in the studied soils. Serpentinite powder was more efficient in neutralizing soil acidity, while basalt powder was more efficient in providing P and K to soils. The bioactivator reduced the reaction time of the remineralizers and favored the increase in K availability.

RESUMO A dependência de matérias-primas externas, o alto custo dos fertilizantes e a busca por alternativas mais sustentáveis têm incentivado a pesquisa com remineralizadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de remineralizadores, associados ou não ao bioativador, sobre o pH, H+Al, Al, P e K em dois solos, após quatro períodos de incubação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2 × 2 × 2, sendo: doses de remineralizadores (0, 2, 4, 8 e 16 Mg ha-1), bioativador (com e sem aplicação), tipo de remineralizador (basalto e serpentinito) e classe de solo (Latossolo Vermelho e Neossolo), com quatro repetições. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, os solos foram incubados por 30, 90, 120 e 240 dias. Ao final de cada período de incubação, as amostras foram submetidas as análises de pH, Al, H+Al, P e K. A utilização de doses crescentes dos remineralizadores favoreceu o aumento do pH, P e K e redução do Al e H+Al nos solos estudados. O pó de serpentinito apresentou maior eficiência para a neutralização da acidez dos solos, enquanto o pó de basalto apresentou maior eficiência para fornecer P e K para os solos. O bioativo reduziu o tempo de reação dos remineralizadores e favoreceu o aumento da disponibilidade de K.

ABSTRACT Seridó is one of the driest regions in the Caatinga biome, Northeastern Brazil, affected by a long history of anthropogenic impact, and today it is considered a desertification region. A phytosociological survey of woody species was carried out in an area at Morada das Jandairas Farm (MJF), in Santana do Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte, which still has a significant arboreal component despite maintaining an extensive cattle production, and compared it with data from other five inventories carried out in the region. Seventeen species from ten botanical families were found, with Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae being the most diversified. Commiphora leptophloeos and Croton blanchetianus stood out as the most important species. The high floristic composition similarity among the six compared studies indicates that the different phytophysiognomies may be result of anthropogenic action and regeneration processes. The relatively high Basal Area in the MJF (26.8 m2 ha-1) stands out even considering inventories carried out throughout the Caatinga region, which is largely due to the presence of many large trees (C. leptophloeos). Considerations about the ecological importance of large and old trees are made, with recommendations for the methodology of phytosociological inventories.

RESUMO A região do Seridó é uma das mais áridas do bioma caatinga, região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo afetada por uma longa história de impacto antrópico, e hoje considerada um núcleo de desertificação. Realizamos um levantamento fitossociológico das espécies arbustivo-arbóreas de uma área ainda com um componente arbóreo significativo, apesar de ainda ser utilizada para criação extensiva de gado, Fazenda Morada das Jandaíras (FMJ), e comparamos com dados de outros inventários realizados na região. Foram registradas 17 espécies pertencentes a 10 famílias botânicas, sendo Fabaceae e Euphorbiaceae as mais diversificadas. Commiphora leptophloeos e Croton blanchetianus se destacaram como as espécies de maiores valores de importância. A alta similaridade na composição florística entre os seis estudos comparados foi interpretada como indicador de que as diferentes fitofisionomias podem ser resultado de ação antrópica e processos de regeneração. A relativamente elevada Dominância Basal na FMJ, da ordem de 26,8 m2 ha-1, se destaca mesmo considerando inventários realizados em toda a região de caatinga, sendo em grande parte devida à presença de muitas árvores de grande porte de C. leptophloeos. Considerações sobre a importância ecológica de árvores grandes e antigas são feitas, com recomendações para a metodologia de inventários fitossociológicos.

ABSTRACT The selection of lima bean accessions in the fresh and dry stages is an excellent tool to increase crop yield in Brazil and ensure a source of vegetable protein for the population. Principal component analysis and nonparametric indices can be used to identify promising accessions based on the desired agronomic variables. The aim of the present study was to select accessions from traditional lima bean varieties in the fresh and dry stages using principal component analysis and nonparametric selection indices. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, evaluating 13 treatments in four replicates. The experimental plot contained 20 plants in its study area. The first two principal components for the two stages explained more than 80% of the variation found among the accessions. The Mulamba & Mock and Genotype-Ideotype selection indices were efficient in classifying promising varieties for breeding programs. The UFPI 1111 accession can be used in fresh lima bean production, and its UFPI 1248 and 1294 counterparts in lima bean breeding programs.

RESUMO A seleção de acessos de feijão-fava nos estádios verde e seco é uma excelente ferramenta para aumentar a produtividade da cultura no país e garantir uma fonte de proteína vegetal para a população. O uso de componentes principais e índices de seleção não-paramétricos podem ser utilizados para identificar acessos promissores com base em características agronômicas desejáveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi selecionar acessos de variedades crioulas de feijão-fava nos estádios frescos e secos utilizando componentes principais e índices de seleção não paramétricos. O experimento foi disposto em delineamento em blocos casualizados, sendo avaliados 13 tratamentos em quatro repetições. A parcela experimental conteve 20 plantas em sua área útil. Os dois primeiros componentes principais, para os dois estádios, explicaram mais de 80% da variação encontrada entre os acessos. Os índices de seleção de Mulamba & Mock e Genótipo-Ideótipo foram eficientes na classificação de variedades promissoras para programas de melhoramento. O acesso UFPI 1111 pode ser direcionado para a produção de fava verde, e os acessos UFPI 1248 e UFPI 1294 podem ser utilizados para programas de melhoramento de fava seca.

ABSTRACT The management of Conyza spp. is becoming increasingly challenging in soybean, especially post-emergence; therefore, it must be linked to the effectiveness of control with selectivity. This study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effects on soybean and the control of Conyza spp. at an advanced phenological stage through different post-emergence herbicides registered for soybean. The experimental design was randomized blocks with plots divided in time with 4 replications, consisting of 14 treatments: cloransulam at three different doses (30, 35, and 40 g a.i. ha-1); fomesafen (250 g a.i. ha-1); imazethapyr (100 g a.i. ha-1); chlorimuron in three different doses (15, 18, and 20 g a.i. ha-1); flumetsulam (108 g a.i. ha-1); lactofen (180 g a.i. ha-1); bentazon (720 g a.i. ha-1); and flumiclorac (60 g a.i. ha-1). All were associated with glyphosate (1080 g a.i. ha-1), in addition to two controls, one weeded and the other without. Visual assessments of phytotoxicity in the soybean crop and weed control were performed at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after treatment (DAT). Bentazon stood out among all treatments, showing adequate selectivity in soybean, in addition to effective weed control at 14 DAT. No dose of cloransulam or chlorimuron herbicide was effective in controlling Conyza spp. The phenological stage of Conyza spp. and water availability impacted weed control of post-emergence herbicides and selectivity in soybean.

RESUMO O manejo de Conyza spp., se torna cada vez mais desafiador em soja, principalmente na pós-emergência, logo, deve-se atrelar eficácia de controle com seletividade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos fitotóxicos na cultura da soja e o controle de Conyza spp. em estágio fenológico avançado, através de diferentes herbicidas registrados em pós-emergência para a cultura da soja. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdividadas no tempo com 4 repetições, sendo composto por 14 tratamentos: cloransulam em três diferentes doses (30, 35 e 40 g.i.a.ha-1); fomesafen (250 g i.a. ha-1); imazethapyr (100 g i.a. ha-1); chlorimuron em três diferentes doses (15,18 e 20 g i.a. ha-1);flumetsulam (108 g i.a. ha-1); lactofen (180 g i.a. ha-1); bentazon (720 g i.a. ha-1) e flumiclorac (60 i.a. ha-1). Todos foram associados com o glifosato (1080 g i.a. ha-1), além de duas testemunhas,uma capinada e outra sem. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade na cultura da soja e de controle na planta daninha nos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após tratamento (DAT). O bentazon se destacou entre todos os tratamentos, apresentando adequada seletividade na soja, além de efetivo controle de plantas daninhas aos 14 DAT. Nenhuma dose dos herbicidas cloransulam e chlorimuron foram eficazes no controle de Conyza spp. O estádio fenológico de Conyza spp. e a disponibilidade hídrica impacta o controle de plantas daninhas em herbicidas de pós-emergência e seletividade em soja.

ABSTRACT Coffee plantations installed at high altitudes and near forested areas have been highly infested with Anredera cordifolia. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments on A. cordifolia after mechanical mowing. A field experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation with natural infestation of A. cordifolia in a completely randomized design with a split-plot scheme and four replicates, in which the main plot an herbicides application and the subplot was the days after the initial application (DAI). The treatments were as follows: saflufenacil + glyphosate (70 + 960 g a.i. ha-1); chlorimuron + glyphosate (80 + 960 g a.i. ha-1); metsulfuron + glyphosate (6 + 960 g a.i. ha-1); flumioxazin + glyphosate (25 + 960 g a.i. ha-1), and glyphosate (960 g a.i. ha-1); with sequential application of glyphosate (960 g a.i. ha-1); glyphosate + indaziflam (960 + 75 g a.i. ha-1); indaziflam (75 g a.i. ha-1); and a control without herbicide application. Mechanical control, followed by the application of the treatments flumioxazin + glyphosate and metsulfuron + glyphosate in the first application and sequential application of indaziflam, proved to be effective. Control of this weed should be based on the removal of its plant residues from the field to reduce the regrowth and germination of aerial tubers.

RESUMO Plantações de café instaladas em altitudes elevadas e próximas a áreas florestais têm sido altamente infestadas por Anredera cordifolia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de diferentes tratamentos herbicidas pré e pós-emergência sobre A. cordifolia após roçada mecânica. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento de campo em uma lavoura de café com infestação natural de A. cordifolia em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, sendo a parcela principal os tratamentos com aplicação de herbicida e a subparcela os dias após a aplicação inicial (DAI). Os tratamentos foram compostos por: saflufenacil + glifosato (70 + 960 g i. a. ha-1); clorimuron + glifosato (80 + 960 g i. a. ha-1); metsulfuron + glifosato (6 + 960 g i. a. ha-1); flumioxazin + glyphosate (25 + 960 g i. a. ha-1) e glifosato (960 g i. a. ha-1); com uma aplicação sequencial de: glifosato (960 g i. a. ha-1); (6) glifosato + indaziflam (960 g i. a. ha-1); e indaziflam (75 g i. a. ha-1), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. O manejo integrado é fundamental para o controle adequado de A. cordifolia, devido ao seu desenvolvimento vegetativo agressivo. O controle mecânico, seguido da aplicação dos tratamentos flumioxazin + glyphosate e metsulfuron + glyphosate na primeira aplicação e indaziflam sequencial mostrou-se eficaz. O controle dessa planta daninha deve ser baseado na remoção de seus resíduos vegetais do campo para reduzir a rebrota e a germinação de tubérculos aéreos.

Abstract Reducing Portland cement consumption in concrete compositions, managing industrial waste, and conserving natural resources are contemporary challenges to achieving sustainable development. One solution has been the utilization of these industrial wastes as partial replacements for Portland cement or aggregates in concrete production. Due to the significant variability of these wastes, further research on this topic is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the properties of concrete mixtures containing porcelain polishing residue (PPR), scheelite residue (SR), and different types of Portland cement. The physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the wastes were determined. The fresh and hardened properties of the concretes, as well as the analysis of environmental impact, in terms of carbon dioxide emissions related to binder consumption, were investigated. The results showed that the utilization of these wastes resulted in reductions in consistency, water absorption, porosity, and compressive strength at 28 days by up to 33%, 16%, 13%, and 7%, respectively. Furthermore, improvements in microstructure, binder index, and CO2 index were observed. The wastes reduced the cement content and CO2 emissions per cubic meter of concrete to achieve 1 MPa by up to 12%. These findings suggested that the utilization of these wastes may be a viable and sustainable alternative to reduce Portland cement consumption and mitigate the environmental impact of the concrete industry. However, further research and studies are needed to assess other aspects, such as long-term durability and economic feasibility before their widespread adoption in the construction industry.

RESUMO: O pequi (Caryocar spp.) é um fruto nativo do cerrado brasileiro e Caryocar brasiliense Camb. é uma das espécies mais prevalentes neste bioma. O consumo da polpa de pequi tem sido associado a benefícios à saúde, como efeitos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios, hipolipidêmicos, hepatoprotetores e anticarcinogênicos. Esses benefícios têm sido atribuídos à sua alta densidade em nutrientes e compostos bioativos. No entanto, há evidências de considerável variação no perfil nutricional entre polpas de pequi de diferentes espécies, e entre polpas da mesma espécie, mas de diferentes áreas do cerrado. Além disso, não há informações na literatura sobre o perfil de polifenóis da polpa de C. brasiliense, tampouco sobre a influência da área nativa do fruto na composição desses fitoquímicos. Assim, este estudo analisou a composição de nutrientes e identificou os compostos fenólicos na polpa de frutos de C. brasiliense nativos de quatro diferentes áreas do Cerrado. Houve notável variação nos teores de energia (176,3-387,2 kcal/100 g) e lipídios (13,0-37,5 g/100 g) entre as amostras. Em contrapartida, não foi encontrada diferença na composição em polifenóis, uma vez que ácido gálico, ácido protocatecuico, catequina, epicatequina, ácido p-cumárico e ácido elágico foram identificados em todas as polpas de pequi analisadas. A polpa de C. brasiliense tem potencial para ser utilizada como ingrediente funcional rico em compostos bioativos, porém com diferentes teores de energia e lipídios de acordo com a área nativa do fruto para atender a distintas alegações de saúde do produto.

ABSTRACT: Pequi (Caryocar spp.) is a fruit native to the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado), and Caryocar brasilienseCamb. is one of the most prevalent species in this biome. The consumption of the pequi pulp has been associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects. These benefits have been attributed to its high density in nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, there is evidence about considerable variation in the nutritional profile among pequi pulps of different species, and among pulps of the same species, but from different areas of the Cerrado. In addition, there is no information in literature regarding the polyphenols profile of C. brasiliense pulp, neither about the influence of the native area of the fruit on the composition of these phytochemicals. So, this study analyzed the nutrient composition and identified the phenolic compounds in the pulp of C. brasiliense fruits native to four different areas of the Cerrado. There was a remarkable variation in the contents of energy (176.3-387.2 kcal/100 g) and lipids (13.0-37.5 g/100 g) among samples. In contrast, no difference was observed in the polyphenols composition, since gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid were identified in all pequi pulps. C. brasiliense pulp shows potential to be used as a functional ingredient rich in bioactive compounds, but with different contents of energy and lipids according to the fruit’s native area to attempt distinct health allegations of the product.

Abstract The effects of onion and its by-products on metabolic changes induced by excessive consumption of a high fat diet have been the focus of many studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of onion and its by-products antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity in rats exposed to a high-fat diet. Five databases were used: Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of science and Scopus until June 2020 updated December 1, 2022. Research of the articles was carried out by two reviewers, searching and selecting studies after an initial reading of the titles and abstracts. In total, 2,448 papers were found and, after assessing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 papers were selected for this review. The findings of this review show the beneficial effects of onion and its by-products on inflammatory parameters, obesity, cardiovascular disease, thermogenesis and hepatic alterations generally associated with the consumption of a high-fat diet.

Resumo Os efeitos da cebola e seus subprodutos nas alterações metabólicas induzidas pelo consumo excessivo de uma dieta rica em gordura têm sido foco de muitos estudos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente os efeitos da cebola e seus subprodutos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios e anti-obesidade em ratos expostos a uma dieta hiperlipídica. Foram utilizadas cinco bases de dados: Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of science e Scopus até junho de 2020, atualizado em 01 de dezembro de 2022. A pesquisa dos artigos foi realizada por dois revisores, buscando e selecionando os estudos após leitura inicial dos títulos e resumos. No total, 2.448 artigos foram encontrados e, após avaliação de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 18 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Os achados desta revisão mostram os efeitos benéficos da cebola e seus subprodutos sobre parâmetros inflamatórios, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, termogênese e alterações hepáticas geralmente associadas ao consumo de uma dieta hiperlipídica.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate inactivated CoronaVac prime vaccination, antibody decay, booster dose, and safety in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) patients. Methods: Fifty-three AAV patients and 106 Controls (CG) received CoronaVac on days: D0 (first dose), D28(second dose), and D210 (booster dose, 32 AAV: 32 CG). The primary outcome was immunogenicity after the second vaccine dose (day 69) assessed by Seroconversion Rates (SC) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies (NAb). Secondary outcomes were safety, immunogenicity (D28/D240), 6-months antibody decay (D210) and the booster dose response (D240). Results: At D69 SC (65.1% vs. 96.8%, p = 0.0001), GMT (21.3 UA/mL vs. 67.7 UA/mL, p < 0.001) and NAb- positivity (53.7% vs. 80.6%, p = 0.001) were moderate but lower in naïve-AAV patients than CG. Patients without SC used more often IS (93.3% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.015), mycophenolate mofetil (20% vs. 0%, p = 0.037) and prednisone (60.0% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.057) than seroconverted. NAb negativity in AAV patients was associated with prednisone treatment (57.9% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.015) and IS (84.2% vs. 55.0%, p = 0.046). Logistic regression analysis models showed that only prednisone was associated with lower seroconversion (OR = 0.2, 0,95% CI 0.05–0.86, p = 0.030) and with lower NAb positivity (OR = 0.2, 0,95% CI 0.05–0.88, p = 0.034). After six months (D69–D210) a decrease in IgG positivity occurred in 32 AAV patients (15.7%, p = 0.074) and 32 CG (18.7%, p = 0.041). For the NAb positivity, the 6-month decrease was not significant (p = 0.114) whereas a major reduction occurred for CG (p < 0.001). A booster dose (D240) resulted in an increment in IgG-positivity (21.9%, p = 0.023) and NAb-positivity (34.4%, p = 0.006) in AAV patients. No moderate/severe adverse events attributable to the vaccine were observed. Conclusion: This study provides novel data on the excellent safety and moderate immunogenicity of CoronaVac in AAV patients. A six-month mild antibody waning was observed with a good response to the booster dose, although levels remained lower than CG (CoronavRheum-NCT04754698).

Abstract The genus Candida represents the main cause of infections of fungal origin. Some species stand out as disease promoters in humans, such as C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. This study evaluated the antifungal effects of propyl (E)-3-(furan-2-yl) acrylate. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the synthetic compound, amphotericin B and fluconazole alone against four species of Candida ranged from 64 to 512 μg/mL, 1 to 2 μg/mL, and 32 to 256 μg/mL, respectively. The synergistic effect of the test substance was observed when associated with fluconazole against C. glabrata, there was no antagonism between the substances against any of the tested strains. The potential drug promoted morphological changes in C. albicans, decreasing the amount of resistance, virulence, and reproduction structures, such as the formation of pseudohyphae, blastoconidia, and chlamydospores, ensuring the antifungal potential of this substance. It was also possible to identify the fungicidal profile of the test substance through the study of the growth kinetics of C. albicans. Finally, it was observed that the test compound inhibited the ergosterol biosynthesis by yeast.

Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of Federal Protected Areas on the coast of the state of Paraíba in northeastern Brazil with regard to the preservation of mangrove forests. The study area encompassed remaining mangrove forests distributed in four federal protected areas (PAs) located in Paraíba: Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (AREI) of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River, Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Mamanguape River, the Restinga de Cabedelo National Forest (NATFOR), and the Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve (EXTRES). The methods consisted of a spatiotemporal analysis considering the year of creation of each PA, with mapping and quantification as well as the assessment of impacts and effectiveness. NATFOR and EXTRES had the most conserved mangrove areas on the temporal scale, whereas AREI and EPA had the largest reductions in areas of mangrove forest. Urban expansion, sugarcane monoculture, and shrimp farming represented the main negative impacts spatially identified in these PAs. Based on the results of this study, the mangrove forests analyzed have continually suffered anthropogenic pressures since their creation as protected areas. The greatest effectiveness in the preservation of mangrove forests was found in Acaú-Goiana EXTRES and the least effectiveness was found in the AREI of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River.

Abstract Onychomycosis is the most common disease affecting the nail unit and accounts for at least 50% of all nail diseases. In addition, Candida albicans is responsible for approximately 70% of onychomycoses caused by yeasts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers, as well as its predictive mechanism of action on C. albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses. For this purpose, in vitro broth microdilution and molecular docking techniques were applied in a predictive and complementary manner to the mechanisms of action. The main results of this study indicate that C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole and sensitive to the enantiomers (R) and (S)-citronellal at a dose of 256 and 32 µg/mL respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the enantiomers in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol, indicating that these molecules possibly affect the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Molecular docking with key biosynthesis proteins and maintenance of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane demonstrated the possibility of (R) and (S)-citronellal interacting with two important enzymes: 1,3-β-glucan synthase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers are fungicidal on C. albicans from onychomycoses and probably these substances cause damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of these micro-organisms possibly by interacting with enzymes in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures.

Resumo A onicomicose é a doença mais comum que afeta a unidade ungueal e representa pelo menos 50% de todas as doenças ungueais. Além disso, a Candida albicans é responsável por aproximadamente 70% das onicomicoses causadas por leveduras. Nesse estudo, foi investigado o efeito antifúngico dos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal, bem como seu mecanismo de ação preditivo sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses resistentes ao voriconazol. Para este propósito, foram aplicadas técnicas in vitro de microdiluição em caldo e docking molecular de forma preditiva e complementar para os mecanismos de ação. Os principais resultados deste estudo indicam que C. albicans foi resistente ao voriconazol e sensível aos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal na dose de 256 e 32 µg/mL respectivamente. Além disso, houve aumento da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos enantiômeros na presença do sorbitol e do ergosterol, indicando que estas moléculas possivelmente afetem a integridade da parede e da membrana celular de C. albicans. O docking molecular com proteínas chave da biossíntese e manutenção da parede celular e da membrana plasmática fúngica, demonstraram a possibilidade do (R) e (S)-citronelal interagir com duas importantes enzimas: 1,3-β-glucan sintase e lanosterol 14α-demetilase. Portanto, os achados desse estudo indicam que os enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal são fungicidas sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses e provavelmente essas substâncias causem danos a parede e a membrana celular desses microrganismos possivelmente por interagir com as enzimas da biossíntese destas estruturas fúngicas.

Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is a waterborne protozoal infection that may cause life-threatening diarrhea in undernourished children living in unsanitary environments. The aim of this study is to identify new biomarkers that may be related to gut-brain axis dysfunction in children suffering from the malnutrition/infection vicious cycle is necessary for better intervention strategies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a well-known neutrophil-related tissue factor released during enteropathy that could drive gut-derived brain inflammation. We utilized a model of environmental enteropathy in C57BL/6 weanling mice challenged by Cryptosporidium and undernutrition. Mice were fed a 2%-Protein Diet (dPD) for eight days and orally infected with 107-C. parvum oocysts. C. parvum oocyst shedding was assessed from fecal and ileal-extracted genomic DNA by qRT-PCR. Ileal histopathology scores were assessed for intestinal inflammation. Prefrontal cortex samples were snap-frozen for MPO ELISA assay and NF-kb immunostaining. Blood samples were drawn by cardiac puncture after anesthesia and sera were obtained for serum amyloid A (SAA) and MPO analysis. Brain samples were also obtained for Iba-1 prefrontal cortex immunostaining. C. parvum-infected mice showed sustained stool oocyst shedding for six days post-infection and increased fecal MPO and inflammation scores. dPD and cryptosporidiosis led to impaired growth and weight gain. C. parvum-infected dPD mice showed increased serum MPO and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, markers of systemic inflammation. dPD-infected mice showed greater MPO, NF-kB expression, and Iba-1 immunolabeling in the prefrontal cortex, an important brain region involved in executive function. Our findings suggest MPO as a potential biomarker for intestinal-brain axis dysfunction due to environmental enteropathy.