Resumen Las bebidas vegetales de soja constituyen una alternativa dentro de la dieta habitual. Sin embargo, existe la preocupación de potenciales efectos en la salud reproductiva de la mujer por mecanismos de disrupción endócrina. En esta revisión se evalúan documentos científicos en el área de la Ginecología y la Obstetricia bajo el tamiz de la medicina basada en la evidencia, respondiendo preguntas estructuradas. La metodología se apegó a las guías establecidas por la declaración PRISMA 2020. Los estudios evaluados descartan un riesgo incrementado de pubertad precoz o cáncer de mama; incluso se aprecia un efecto protector frente a dicha neoplasia. Se ha reportado el paso transplacentario de isoflavonas de soja y su presencia en la leche materna, sin que ello implique una relación con complicaciones materno-fetales o malformaciones congénitas. La exposición a productos de soja no parece influir sobre el peso corporal y la salud ósea de la mujer. Los estudios en adultos indican que la soja favorece un mínimo incremento de tirotropina (TSH) en personas con antecedente de hipotiroidismo subclínico. El impacto de los alimentos basados en soja sobre la microbiota intestinal parece ser favorable para su diversidad, particularmente al consumir productos fermentados. Muchos de los estudios en humanos han sido realizados con suplementos de isoflavonas o con productos que contienen proteínas aisladas o texturizadas de soja. Por tanto, los resultados y las conclusiones deben interpretarse con cautela ya que no son totalmente extrapolables a las bebidas comerciales de soja.

Abstract Soy drinks are an increasingly consumed option within the Western diet. However, there are concerns about potential endocrine disruptor effects and possible impact on women's reproductive health. This review evaluates scientific documents in gynecology and obstetrics under an evidence-based medicine approach. All methods adhered to PRISMA 2020 declaration guidelines. The evaluated studies do not support a positive association between soy intake and early puberty or breast cancer; instead, a protective effect against such neoplasm was observed. Transplacental passage of soy isoflavones and their presence in breast milk has been reported without any maternal-fetal complications nor congenital malformations. Exposure to soy-derived products appears to have a neutral effect on body weight and bone health. Studies performed in adults indicate that soy may promote a minimal increase in thyrotropin (TSH) in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The impact of soy-based foods on gut microbiota appears favorable, especially when consuming fermented products. Many of the human studies have been conducted with isoflavones supplements, isolated or textured soy proteins. Therefore, the results and conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, as these are not entirely applicable to commercial soy beverages.

Abstract The vast majority of advanced industrialized products are formed from the joining of individual components. However, when the joining must be permanent, welding is one of the most used processes. Among the welding processes, the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process stands out in this category specially for producing joints with extremely high mechanical resistance and low distortions leading to modern automotive and aerospace applications. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and corrosion properties of FSW welded profiles of Aluminum AA6005 alloy as a function of the welding parameters. For this purpose, tensile and microhardness tests were performed, followed by a detailed microstructural analysis. The results showed that the high rotational speed provided tunnel-type defects which impair the mechanical properties, leading to a loss of efficiency. The corrosion properties results showed that the different welding conditions do not significantly affect corrosion characteristics but the changes observed are related to the dispersion of the precipitates in the Al matrix.

Abstract: A circular bead produced by a laser beam (CLW) is a method of joining superposed sheets by scanning circularly a laser beam. Among the various applications, it could be highlighted the welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 sheets for heat exchangers. This work aims to report the effect of fiber laser CLW in tensile shear strength of superposed sheets as well as the corrosion behavior in relation to the process parameters. It was carried out circular beads using stainless steel AISI 304 sheets varying the laser power and speed. The samples were then submitted to optical and electronic microscopy, tensile-shear tests and electrochemical experiments. Among the experimental conditions, the weld sample with 800 W power and 50 mm/s speed presented an ultimate tensile strength of 159 MPa, 17% higher than the sample with the lowest result. The corrosion rate, corrosion and pitting potentials did not change significantly in the welded joint with different conditions compared to the base metal.

ABSTRACT The article explores the reuse of technical processes in the manufacturing of space systems, from the perspective of establishing a database of technical manufacturing processes for use by space organizations. It will be argued that the reuse of processes is made feasible when a database of processes is implemented and that the reuse of technical manufacturing processes provides gains in time, cost, and reliability. A proposal for the organization of project technical processes into a database is presented. The article addresses the following topics: technical process concepts, control and use of technical manufacturing processes practiced by space agencies, identification of technical manufacturing processes, and their organization in a database. Finally, an example of the application of reuse is presented, and the main consequences of the reuse of technical manufacturing processes with the aid of a database are discussed.

The corrosion properties of a 22.5 wt. (%) Cr duplex stainless steel were investigated after long-term aging of 3000, 5000 and 7000 hours at 300 and 400 ºC. The corrosion resistance was measured based on mass loss in a FeCl3 10 wt. (%) solution and electrochemical measurements in a 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance decreased steadily up to 5000 hours of aging. However, the samples subjected to 7000 hours of aging showed better corrosion resistance than those aged for 3000 and 5000 hours. This effect is attributed to the phase transformation that occurs during aging, a finding which was confirmed by hardness, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da ventilação associada a frações inspiradas de oxigênio a 0,21 e 1,00 e do alopurinol (antioxidante) na isquemia-reperfusão pulmonar. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar, distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos. O grupo 1 foi o controle; no grupo 2 os animais foram ventilados durante a isquemia-reperfusão pulmonar com FiO2 de 0,21; e no grupo 3, com FiO2 de 1,00. Os três grupos restantes 1A, 2A e 3A foram medicados com 100 mg/kg de alopurinol no pré-operatório e submetidos a procedimentos semelhantes aos grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. O modelo utilizado foi de isquemia-reperfusão normotérmica, in situ. O tempo de isquemia foi de 30 minutos, e o de reperfusão, de 10 minutos. Como parâmetros de avaliação foram utilizados a pressão arterial média sistêmica (PAM), a relação da pressão parcial de oxigênio/fração inspirada de oxigênio (PaO2/FiO2), a dosagem das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) no tecido pulmonar e a relação entre peso pulmonar úmido e peso pulmonar seco. RESULTADOS: Em relação à PAM, ocorreu diminuição significante (p<0,05) entre os grupos 3 x 1, 2 x 2A e 3 x 3A. Na PaO2/FiO2 ocorreu diminuição significante (p<0,05) entre os grupos 3 x 2 e 3 x 3A. Nas TBARS ocorreu diminuição significante (p<0,05) entre os grupos 3 x 3A. Na relação peso pulmonar úmido/seco ocorreu aumento significante (p<0,05) entre os grupos 3 x 2, 2 x 2A e 3 x 3A. CONCLUSÕES: A ventilação com oxigênio a 21%, quando comparada à ventilação com oxigênio a 100%, apresentou diminuição menos acentuada da PAM, melhor relação entre PaO2/FiO2, e menor edema pulmonar. O uso de alopurinol no pré-operatório mostrou uma diminuição menos acentuada da PAM, melhor relação entre PaO2/FiO2, menor produção de TBARS e menor edema pulmonar, quando comparado aos resultados dos grupos que não o utilizaram.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects on lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury of ventilation with inspired oxygen concentrations of 0.21 and 1.00, and of allopurinol (an antioxidant). METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly allocated to six groups. Group I was the control group, while Groups II and III comprised the animals ventilated during ischaemia-reperfusion with 0.21 and 1.00 FiO2, respectively. The three remaining groups IA, IIA and IIIA were pre-treated with 100 mg/kg allopurinol and submitted to similar procedures as groups I, II and III respectively. The model used was normothermic ischaemia-reperfusion in situ. The duration of ischaemia was 30 minutes and that of reperfusion 10 minutes. Outcome measures included mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP), the partial pressure of oxygen/inspired fraction of oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the lung tissue and the lung wet/dry weight ratio. RESULTS: There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the MAP among groups III x I, II x IIA and III x IIIA. With regard to the PaO2/FiO2 there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease between groups III x II and III x IIIA. The TBARS level showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in group III compared to group IIIA. Meanwhile, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the lung wet/dry weight ratio comparing groups III x II, II x IIA and III x IIIA. CONCLUSION: Ventilation with 21% oxygen (FiO2=0.21), when compared to ventilation with 100% oxygen (FiO2 =1.0), resulted in a smaller decrease in MAP, an improved PaO2/FiO2 ratio and less pulmonary oedema. Compared to non-treated groups, the pre-treatement with allopurinol lead to a lower MAP decrease, an improved PaO2/FiO2 ratio, lower TBARS production and less pulmonary oedema.

OBJETIVO: Estudar o efeito das frações inspiradas de oxigênio (FiO2) a 0,21, 0,40 e 1,00 na isquemia-reperfusão pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. O grupo I foi o controle e, nos grupos II, III e IV, os animais foram ventilados durante a isquemia-reperfusão com FiO2 a 0,21, 0,40 e 1,00 respectivamente. O modelo utilizado foi de isquemia-reperfusão normotérmica, in situ. O tempo de isquemia foi de 30 minutos e o de reperfusão, de 10 minutos. Como parâmetros de avaliação, utilizou-se a pressão arterial média sistêmica (PAM), a relação entre a pressão parcial de oxigênio e a fração inspirada de oxigênio (PO2/FiO2), a dosagem da glutationa reduzida (GSH) e das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) no tecido pulmonar e a relação entre o peso pulmonar úmido e o peso pulmonar seco. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a ventilação com FiO2 a 0,21, quando comparada à ventilação com FiO2 a 0,40 e 1,00, durante o período de isquemia-reperfusão, apresentou menor diminuição da PAM, melhor relação PO2/FiO2, maior valor na medida da GSH, menor produção das TBARS e menor formação de edema pulmonar. CONCLUSÃO: A ventilação com baixa FiO2 (0,21) mostrou melhores resultados quando comparada àquelas realizadas com FiO2 mais elevadas (0,40 e 1,00) na isquemia-reperfusão pulmonar.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the FiO2 effect at 0,21, 0,40 and 1,00 on the lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly allocated in 4 groups. The group I was the control one, and in groups II, III, IV rats were ventilated during the ischaemia-reperfusion at 0,21, 0,40 and 1.00 FiO2 respectively. The ischaemia time was 30 minutes and the reperfusion time was 10 minutes. The model used was normothermic ischaemia-reperfusion, in situ. As assessment parameters, the systemic average arterial pressure (PAM), the oxygen arterial partial pressure/ inspired oxygen fraction relation (PO2/FiO2), the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and barbituric acid substances reactive measure (TBARS) in the lung tissue and the lung wet/dry weight ratio were used. RESULTS: The results showed that the ventilation with FiO2 at 0,21, when compared with the ventilation at 0,40 and 1,00 FiO2 during the ischaemia-reperfusion period, presented lower PAM, better PO2/FiO2 relation, higher values in the reduced glutathione measures, lower production of the TBARS and lower formation of lung edema. CONCLUSION: The ventilation with low FiO2 (0.21) showed better results when compared to those performed with higher FiO2 (0,40 and 1,00) on the lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Atualmente, há muito interesse no desenvolvimento de materiais nanocristalinos e amorfos, que apresentem alta resistência mecânica combinada com boa ductilidade, abrindo grandes perspectivas tecnológicas para o processamento desses materiais. Devido a sua versatilidade, as ligas amorfas têm mostrado ter propriedades que podem ser utilizadas em diversas áreas, como em memórias de computadores, aplicações em vários tipos de transformadores para potência e usos eletrônicos. A técnica para obter as ligas amorfas utilizada nesse trabalho foi a de solidificação rápida a partir do estado líquido, por melt spinning. O processamento das fitas foi efetuado em duas etapas, inicialmente foi realizado a fusão da liga por indução magnética, posteriormente, a liga foi submetida a nova refusão para melhorar a homogeneização e, em seguida, produziu-se a fita metálica amorfa, utilizando uma taxa de resfriamento em torno de 10³°C/s. Durante o processamento, a fita obtida apresentou-se amorfa e com uma espessura em torno de 25µm.

Now, there is a lot of interest in the development of nanocrystalline and amorphous materials, that present high mechanical resistance combined with good ductility, opening great technological perspectives for the processing these of materials. Due to its versatility, the amorphous alloys have been showing to have properties that can be used in several areas, as in memory of computers, applications in several types of transformers for potency and electronic uses. The technique used to obtain of amorphous alloys in this work, it went to of rapid solidification starting from the liquid state, for melt spinning. The processing of the ribbons of was made in two stages, initially the coalition of the alloy was accomplished by magnetic induction, later on, the alloy was submitted the new remelting to improve the homogenizationand soon after, the amorphous metallic ribbon was produced, used of the high cooling rate, around 10³°C/s. During the processing, the obtained ribbon came amorphous and with a thickness around 25µm.