ABSTRACT Asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, that affects more than 300 million people worldwide and approximately 700 thousand people in Portugal. Even though the link between chronic diseases and mental health disorders is well known, nowadays mental health is still often not taken into account in the clinical approach of the patient with asthma. This narrative literature review aims to explore the current evidence on how depression and quality of life relate to asthma. This review also addresses the main therapeutic interventions that have shown promise in clinical indicators of depression and quality of life applied to asthmatic patients, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, antidepressant drugs, physical exercise and respiratory training.

RESUMO A asma é uma doença respiratória heterogénea caracterizada por inflamação crónica das vias aéreas que afeta mais de 300 milhões de pessoas mundialmente e cerca de 700 mil pessoas em Portugal. Apesar de ser conhecida a ligação entre doenças crónicas e perturbações da saúde mental, atualmente esta associação ainda não é muitas vezes tida em consideração na abordagem clínica do doente com asma. Esta revisão narrativa da literatura tem como objetivo explorar a evidência atual sobre como a depressão e a qualidade de vida se relacionam com a asma. São também abordadas nesta revisão as principais intervenções terapêuticas que se mostraram promissoras em indicadores clínicos de depressão e qualidade de vida aplicados a doentes com asma, entre as quais se incluem os fármacos antidepressivos, a terapia cognitivo-comportamental, o exercício físico e o treino respiratório.

ABSTRACT: The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the agricultural and forestry sectors has constantly evolved due to its great versatility and applicability in the field. In this sense, this study provided a statistical overview of studies on the use of UAVs in agricultural and forestry through a bibliometric and scientometric analysis. For that, a research was carried out on the Scopus platform using the terms UAV, UAS, drone, and RPA, together with “agricult*” or “forest* or livestock”. Only manuscripts published in English and from January 2000 to December 2020 were selected. The VOSviewer software was used for the analyses. The USA and China were responsible for more than 38% of the publications worldwide. Furthermore, about 50% of the countries in the world showed some scientific record of the use of UAVs in agricultural and forestry studies. The term UAS was more used until 2016, while UAV was more mentioned between 2017 and 2018. Conversely, drone was more endorsed from 2019. The constant increase in scientific production reported in the research and the evolution of the co-occurrence of keywords corroborated two ideas: i) the use of UAVs is still undergoing transformations and is directly related to the advancement of technology included in these equipments; and ii) studies are still not enough to explore all the applicability of the UAVs in agriculture, livestock and forestry.

RESUMO: A utilização de veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANTs) nos setores agrícola e florestal tem evoluído constantemente devido a sua grande versatilidade e aplicabilidade no campo. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer um panorama estatístico dos estudos sobre o uso de VANTs na agropecuária e silvicultura por meio de uma análise bibliométrica e cientométrica. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa na plataforma Scopus utilizando os termos UAV, UAS, drone e RPA, juntamente com “agricult*” ou “forest* ou livestock”. Foram selecionados apenas manuscritos publicados em inglês, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2020. O software VOSviewer foi utilizado para as análises. Os EUA e a China foram responsáveis por mais de 38% das publicações mundiais. Além disso, cerca de 50% dos países do mundo apresentaram algum registro científico do uso de VANTs em estudos agrícolas e florestais. O termo UAS foi mais utilizado até 2016, enquanto o UAV foi mais mencionado entre 2017 e 2018. Por outro lado, drone foi mais endossado a partir de 2019. O constante aumento da produção científica encontrado nas pesquisas e a evolução da coocorrência de palavras-chave corroboraram duas ideias: i) o uso de VANTs ainda está passando por transformações e está diretamente relacionado ao avanço da tecnologia inserida nesses equipamentos; e ii) os estudos ainda não são suficientes para explorar toda a aplicabilidade dos VANTs na agricultura, pecuária e silvicultura.

ABSTRACT The phytonematodes seriously harm plants worldwide, reducing agricultural productivity, especially root-knot nematodes, genus Meloidogyne. An alternative form of control for this pathogen is the use of essential oils, which have a complex mixture of compounds with potential nematicidal activity. The objective of this work was to identify the chemical compounds present in the essential oil of pequi and to verify the efficiency of the oil in the control of Meloidogyne javanica. The identification of chemical compounds was performed by comparing the mass spectra obtained with the spectra present in the equipment library, Nist08. Eighty-second stage juveniles (J2) were incubated in the following treatments: control 0 (2 mL of distilled water) 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg L-1 of pequi essential oil (PEO). The results obtained in the experiment were significant, with a high percentage of mortality of J2 in the treatment T5 (16 mg L-1) of 82% and T3 (4 mg L-1) 66%, respectively. Among the compounds identified, 58.3% are esters, highlight for ethyl hexanoate, and 25.0% are monoterpenes, and all are nematicidal compounds. Pequi essential oil has the potential to be used in the control of M. javanica.

ABSTRACT Background: Non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC) has seen important developments in drugs and diagnostic tools in the last two years. New hormonal agents have demonstrated improvement in metastasis free survival in M0 CRPC patients and have been approved by regulatory agencies in Brazil. Additionally, newer and more sensitive imaging tools are able to detect metastasis earlier than before, which will impact the percentage of patients staged as M0 CRPC. Based on the available international guidelines, a group of Brazilian urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on the diagnosis and treatment of M0 CRPC in Brazil. These results are reviewed and summarized and associated recommendations are provided. Objective: To present survey results on management of M0 CRPC in Brazil. Design, setting, and participants: A panel of six Brazilian prostate cancer experts determined 64 questions concerning the main areas of interest: 1) staging tools, 2) treatments, 3) side effects of systemic treatment/s, and 4) osteoclast-targeted therapy. A larger panel of 28 Brazilian prostate cancer experts answered these questions in order to create country-specific recommendations discussed in this manuscript. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The panel voted publicly but anonymously on the predefined questions. These answers are the panelists' opinions, not a literature review or meta-analysis. Therapies not yet approved in Brazil were excluded from answer options. Each question had five to seven relevant answers including two non-answers. Results were tabulated in real time. Conclusions: The results and recommendations presented can be used by Brazilian physicians to support the management of M0 CRPC patients. Individual clinical decision making should be supported by available data, however, for Brazil, guidelines for diagnosis and management of M0 CRPC patients have not been developed. This document will serve as a point of reference when confronting this disease stage.

ABSTRACT Many infants are nurtured with milk supplied by human banks, whose bacteriological and physical-chemical profiles are a major issue. We investigated the bacteriological and physical-chemical characteristics, as well as genotypic and phenotypic and profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from 240 samples of breast milk from a bank in a teaching hospital. Dornic acidity of milk revealed that 95.4% (229/240) had acceptable limits (< 8.0 oD). Caloric intake showed a wide variation in cream content (4%), fat (4%) and energy values (559.81 Kcal/L). Staphylococcus (105/186 or 56.5%) and Enterobacter (25/186 or 13.4%) were the most prevalent genera, although other microorganisms were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (125/157 or 79.6%), vancomycin (115/157 or 73.2%), and cephalexin (112/157 or 71.3%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High resistance rates of isolates were found to penicillin G (141/157 or 89.8%), ampicillin (135/157 or 86%), and oxacillin (118/157 or 75.2%). Multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials occurred in 66.2% (123/186) of the isolates. Residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances were found in 85% (204/240) of samples. Among the coagulase-positive-CPS and negative-CoNS staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected in 53.3% (8/15) and 75% (30/40), respectively. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 20% (3/15) of CPS, while tsst-1 was detected in 13.34% (2/15). In addition, 13.3% (2/15) of S. aureus were toxin-producers. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 90% (36/40), 5% (2/40) and 15% (6/40) CoNS, respectively. Enterotoxin production was identified in 5% (2/40) of CoNS. The identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria, staphylococci species toxin-producers harboring methicillin-resistance genes, and residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances reinforce the need for a continuous vigilance of milk quality offered to infant consumption by human banks.

ABSTRACT Spray nozzles can be considered the most important items of sprayers, and the ideal nozzle-pressure combination plays a major role in the effectiveness of pest control in the field. Spray nozzle manufacturers often develop, and make new alternatives available on the market; however, studies are always important to verify the behavior of tríese new technologies concerning the spectrum of the droplets produced. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of droplets generated by four spray nozzles (FC3D 100-02; VP 110-02; TR 110-02 and TT 110-02) under different working pressures (138, 207, 276, 345, and 414 kPa). For this, a factorial scheme in a completely randomized design with four replications was used. The parameters evaluated were volumetric median diameter (VMD), relative amplitude (Span), and the percentage of droplets with a diameter smaller than 100 um (<100 um). The spray nozzles models and the working pressure had a direct effect on the droplet size. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the TR 110-02 and VP 110-02 models for the percentage of spray volume containing droplets <100 um neither for the VMD. Lastly, the increase of pressure resulted in an increasing linear effect on the Span index for the FC3D 100-02 nozzle.

RESUMEN Las boquillas de pulverización pueden considerarse los elementos más importantes de los pulverizadores y la combinación ideal de estas y su presión juega un papel esencial en la efectividad del control de plagas en el campo. Los fabricantes de boquillas de pulverización a menudo desarrollan y ofrecen nuevas alternativas en el mercado; sin embargo, los estudios siempre son fundamentales para verificar el comportamiento de estas tecnologías en relación con el espectro de las gotas producidas. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar el espectro de gotas generadas por cuatro boquillas de pulverización (FC3D 100-02; VP 110-02, TR 110-02 y TT 110-02) bajo diferentes presiones de trabajo (138, 207, 276, 345 y 414 kPa). Se utilizó un esquema factorial fue en un diseño completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los parámetros evaluados fueron el diámetro de la mediana volumétrica (DMV), la amplitud relativa (Span) y el porcentaje de gotas con un diámetro menor a 100 [im (<100 fim). Las boquillas de pulverización y la presión de trabajo tuvieron un efecto directo sobre el tamaño de las gotas. Además, no hubo diferencias significativas entre TR 110-02 y VP 110-02 para el porcentaje de volumen de pulverización que contiene gotas <100 [im, ni para el DMV. Por último, el aumento de presión resultó en efecto linear creciente en el índice de Span para la boquilla FC3D 100-02.

Resumo Fundamento A intervenção percutânea em pacientes com disfunção de prótese biológica mitral apresenta-se como uma alternativa ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional. Objetivo Relatar a primeira experiência brasileira de implante transcateter de bioprótese valve-in-valve mitral via transeptal (TMVIV-via transeptal). Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes portadores de disfunção de bioprótese cirúrgica submetidos ao TMVIV-transeptal em 12 hospitais brasileiros. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados Entre junho/2016 e fevereiro/2019, 17 pacientes foram submetidos ao TMVIV-via transeptal. A mediana de idade foi 77 anos (IIQ,70-82), a mediana do escore STS-PROM foi 8,7% (IIQ,7,2-17,8). Todos os pacientes tinham sintomas limitantes de insuficiência cardíaca (CF≥III), tendo 5 (29,4%) sido submetidos a mais de uma toracotomia prévia. Obteve-se sucesso do TMVIV-via transeptal em todos os pacientes. A avaliação ecocardiográfica demonstrou redução significativa do gradiente médio (pré-intervenção, 12±3,8 mmHg; pós-intervenção, 5,3±2,6 mmHg; p<0,001), assim como aumento da área valvar mitral (pré-intervenção, 1,06±0,59 cm2; pós-intervenção, 2,18±0,36 cm2; p<0,001) sustentados em 30 dias. Houve redução significativa e imediata da pressão sistólica de artéria pulmonar, com redução adicional em 30 dias (pré-intervenção, 68,9±16,4 mmHg; pós-intervenção, 57,7±16,5 mmHg; 30 dias, 50,9±18,7 mmHg; p<0,001). Durante o seguimento, com mediana de 162 dias (IIQ, 102-411), observou-se marcada melhora clínica (CF≤II) em 87,5%. Um paciente (5,9%) apresentou obstrução de via de saída de ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE), evoluindo para óbito logo após o procedimento, e outro morreu aos 161 dias de seguimento.Conclusão: A primeira experiência brasileira de TMVIV-transeptal demonstra a segurança e a efetividade dessa nova técnica. A obstrução da VSVE é uma complicação potencialmente fatal, reforçando a importância da seleção dos pacientes e do planejamento do procedimento. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background Percutaneous intervention in patients with bioprosthetic mitral valve dysfunction is an alternative to conventional surgical treatment. Objectives To report the first Brazilian experience with transseptal transcatheter bioprosthetic mitral valve-in-valve implantation (transseptal-TMVIV). Methods Patients with surgical bioprosthetic dysfunction submitted to transseptal-TMVIV in 12 Brazilian hospitals were included. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results From June/2016 to February/2019, 17 patients underwent transseptal-TMVIV. Their median age was 77 years (IQR,70-82) and median Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality (STS-PROM) score was 8.7% (IQR,7.2-17.8). All patients had limiting symptoms of heart failure (FC≥III) and 5 (29.4%) had undergone more than one previous thoracotomy. Transseptal-TMVIV was successful in all patients. Echocardiographic assessment showed a significant reduction in mean mitral valve gradient (pre-intervention, 12±3.8 mmHg; post-intervention, 5.3±2.6 mmHg; p<0.001), in addition to an increase in mitral valve area (pre-intervention, 1.06±0.59 cm2; post-intervention, 2.18±0.36 cm2; p<0.001) sustained for 30 days. There was a significant and immediate reduction in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, with an additional reduction in 30 days (pre-intervention, 68.9±16.4 mmHg; post-intervention, 57.7±16.5 mmHg; 30 days, 50.9±18.7 mmHg; p<0.001). During follow-up (median, 162 days; IQR, 102-411), significant clinical improvement (FC≤II) was observed in 87.5% of the patients. One patient (5.9%) had left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and died right after the procedure, and another died at 161 days of follow-up. Conclusion The first Brazilian experience with transseptal-TMVIV shows the safety and effectivity of the new technique. The LVOT obstruction is a potentially fatal complication, reinforcing the importance of patients’ selection and of procedural planning. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) plays a key role for optimal plant growth and, in particular, for profitable crop production. Optimal N management using optical sensors can provide a rapid assessment of a crop N status. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing the efficiency of two chlorophyll meters in assessing the N status in corn plants when using an economical optimum dose of nitrogen under variable rate application. To do so, a field experiment using a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates was carried out in Januária - Brazil (15| 28' 55" S, 44° 22' 41'' W; 474 m) in 2018. Treatments consisted of comparing the pre-fixed N fertilization system with three strategies of variable rate N application using different thresholds of the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) in the V4, V8, V10, and V14 vegetative stages. As a result, both chlorophyll meters were capable of detecting the need for N application and differentiating between the plants that received or did not receive N application. In addition, readings from both sensors were highly correlated (> 0.92) from the V6 to the V18 stage. Lastly, both chlorophyll meters were able to identify the crop development variability and could be a suitable tool to monitor the nutritional status and for guiding N fertilization in corn crops.

RESUMEN El nitrógeno (N) desempeña un papel clave para el crecimiento óptimo de las plantas y, en particular, para la producción rentable de cultivos. La gestión óptima de N mediante sensores ópticos puede proporcionar una evaluación rápida del estado de N de un cultivo. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la eficiencia de dos medidores de clorofila en la evaluación del estado de N en las plantas de maíz cuando se utiliza una dosis óptima de nitrógeno económica bajo una aplicación de tasa variable. Para hacerlo, se realizó un experimento de campo utilizando un diseño de bloques al azar con 5 tratamientos y 5 réplicas en Januária - Brasil (15 °28 '55' 'S, 44 °22'41 '' O; 474 m) en 2018. Los tratamientos consistieron en comparar el sistema de fertilización de N preestablecido con tres estrategias de aplicación de N de velocidad variable utilizando diferentes umbrales del índice de suficiencia de nitrógeno (NSI) en las etapas vegetativas V4, V8, V10 y V14. Como resultado, ambos medidores de clorofila fueron capaces de detectar la necesidad de la aplicación de N y diferenciar entre las plantas que recibieron o no la aplicación de N. Además, las lecturas de ambos sensores estaban altamente correlacionadas (> 0,92) desde la etapa V6 a la etapa V18. Por último, ambos medidores de clorofila pudieron identificar la variabilidad del desarrollo del cultivo y podrían ser una herramienta adecuada para monitorear el estado nutricional y para guiar la fertilización con N en los cultivos de maíz.

Abstract Aim: to investigate through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the effects of interactive media on the cognitive, language, and motor development of children and adolescents. Methods: Searches were performed with the Medline, AMED, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane, Psychinfo, and ERIC databases in May 2017 with updated in July 2020. For the search strategy, we used descriptors related to “randomized controlled trial”, “interactive media” and “children and adolescents up to 18 years old”. RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of interactive media in cognitive, motor, and language development of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age with typical development were included. When appropriate, meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Pooled data were presented using standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE methodology and the methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Results: of the trials found, 14 references were eligible for this study. The GRADE methodology was used in 13 RCTs. Estimates showed a low level of evidence of a small effect of media use on cognitive development compared to that in the control group and another intervention. No effect on motor and language development. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review do not support claims about the advantages or disadvantages of interactive media in child development. High-quality evidence was found that interactive media is not superior to other interventions for cognitive and language development outcomes and quality of moderate evidence for motor and language development.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a evolução dos indicadores clínicos que caracterizam a permeabilidade das vias aéreas em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgias toracoabdominais e analisar sua relação com a ocorrência do diagnóstico “desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas”. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, longitudinal realizada com 60 pacientes que foram acompanhados por cinco dias consecutivos. Foram utilizados 11 indicadores do resultado de enfermagem “estado respiratório: permeabilidade das vias aéreas”. Resultados: no primeiro dia de avaliação os indicadores mais comprometidos foram: frequência respiratória, tosse, profundidade da respiração e uso de músculos acessórios. Durante o acompanhamento, verificou-se que a maior parte dos indicadores apresentou desvio leve da variação normal e, na última avaliação, houve predomínio de indicadores com algum grau de comprometimento. Conclusões: com auxílio da Classificação dos resultados de enfermagem, observou-se que pacientes submetidos a cirurgias toracoabdominais podem apresentar comprometimento da permeabilidade das vias aéreas mesmo após dias da realização do procedimento cirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the evolution of clinical indicators that characterize airway permeability in patients in the postoperative period of thoracoabdominal surgeries and to analyze their relationship with the occurrence of the diagnosis “ineffective airway clearance”. Methods: descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal research with 60 patients who were followed for five consecutive days. Eleven indicators of the nursing outcome “respiratory status: airway permeability” were used. Results: on the first day of evaluation, the most compromised indicators were: respiratory rate, cough, depth of breath and use of accessory muscles. During follow-up, most of the indicators presented a slight deviation from normal variation and, in the last evaluation, there was a predominance of indicators with some degree of impairment. Conclusions: with the aid of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, it was observed that patients submitted to thoracoabdominal surgeries may present compromised airway permeability even days after surgery.

RESUMEN Objetivos: valorar la evolución de los indicadores clínicos que caracterizan la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas en pacientes en el posoperatorio de cirugías toracoabdominales y evaluar su relación con la ocurrencia del diagnóstico “desobstrucción ineficaz de las vías aéreas”. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, longitudinal en la cual participaron 60 pacientes que recibieron seguimiento por cinco días. Se utilizaron 11 indicadores del resultado de enfermería “estado respiratorio: permeabilidad de las vías aéreas”. Resultados: en el primer día de evaluación, los indicadores más comprometidos fueron: frecuencia respiratoria, tos, profundidad de la respiración y utilización de músculos accesorios. Durante el seguimiento, se verificó que la mayor parte de los indicadores presentó una leve desviación de la variación normal y, en la última evaluación, hubo un predominio de indicadores con algún grado de comprometimiento. Conclusiones: con la ayuda de la Clasificación de los resultados de enfermería, se observó que los pacientes sometidos a cirugías toracoabdominales pueden presentar comprometimiento de la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas incluso después de algunos días de realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the evolution of clinical indicators that characterize airway permeability in patients in the postoperative period of thoracoabdominal surgeries and to analyze their relationship with the occurrence of the diagnosis “ineffective airway clearance”. Methods: descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal research with 60 patients who were followed for five consecutive days. Eleven indicators of the nursing outcome “respiratory status: airway permeability” were used. Results: on the first day of evaluation, the most compromised indicators were: respiratory rate, cough, depth of breath and use of accessory muscles. During follow-up, most of the indicators presented a slight deviation from normal variation and, in the last evaluation, there was a predominance of indicators with some degree of impairment. Conclusions: with the aid of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, it was observed that patients submitted to thoracoabdominal surgeries may present compromised airway permeability even days after surgery.

RESUMEN Objetivos: valorar la evolución de los indicadores clínicos que caracterizan la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas en pacientes en el posoperatorio de cirugías toracoabdominales y evaluar su relación con la ocurrencia del diagnóstico “desobstrucción ineficaz de las vías aéreas”. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, longitudinal en la cual participaron 60 pacientes que recibieron seguimiento por cinco días. Se utilizaron 11 indicadores del resultado de enfermería “estado respiratorio: permeabilidad de las vías aéreas”. Resultados: en el primer día de evaluación, los indicadores más comprometidos fueron: frecuencia respiratoria, tos, profundidad de la respiración y utilización de músculos accesorios. Durante el seguimiento, se verificó que la mayor parte de los indicadores presentó una leve desviación de la variación normal y, en la última evaluación, hubo un predominio de indicadores con algún grado de comprometimiento. Conclusiones: con la ayuda de la Clasificación de los resultados de enfermería, se observó que los pacientes sometidos a cirugías toracoabdominales pueden presentar comprometimiento de la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas incluso después de algunos días de realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a evolução dos indicadores clínicos que caracterizam a permeabilidade das vias aéreas em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgias toracoabdominais e analisar sua relação com a ocorrência do diagnóstico “desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas”. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, longitudinal realizada com 60 pacientes que foram acompanhados por cinco dias consecutivos. Foram utilizados 11 indicadores do resultado de enfermagem “estado respiratório: permeabilidade das vias aéreas”. Resultados: no primeiro dia de avaliação os indicadores mais comprometidos foram: frequência respiratória, tosse, profundidade da respiração e uso de músculos acessórios. Durante o acompanhamento, verificou-se que a maior parte dos indicadores apresentou desvio leve da variação normal e, na última avaliação, houve predomínio de indicadores com algum grau de comprometimento. Conclusões: com auxílio da Classificação dos resultados de enfermagem, observou-se que pacientes submetidos a cirurgias toracoabdominais podem apresentar comprometimento da permeabilidade das vias aéreas mesmo após dias da realização do procedimento cirúrgico.

The goal of this study is to test photoelastic resins for manufacturing models with teeth and/or implants under chewing load. Four commercial brands have been chosen: Araldite (Ciba Chemicals), Flexible GIV-Rigid GIV (Polipox) and PL2 (Measurements Group). Nine discs were manufactured, four of them from each of the photoelastic resin brands and five from different proportions of mixture between Flexible GIV and Rigid GIV. All the models were subjected to the diametral compression test, and observed in a circular polariscope. The first order fringe has always been adopted as a benchmark to calculate the photoelastic constant. To the load of interest (150 Newtons), Flexible GIV resin showed areas that followed the elastic regime. Residual stresses for the resin PL2 and persistence of bubbles within the model were observed. Rigid GIV Resin generated the first fringe order only at 280 Newtons load. Araldite resin behaved within the elastic regime and there were no areas with excessive concentration of fringes. The models generated from the manual mixing generated non-homogeneous photoelastic images. The Araldite resin showed to be the most suitable material for manufacturing birefringent models with teeth and/or implants under chewing load.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o desconforto musculoesquelético, a capacidade para o trabalho e a fadiga residual em profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em Hospital. Método Estudo transversal com profissionais de um hospital público de médio porte. Foram utilizados o questionário nórdico de sintomas, o índice de capacidade para o trabalho e a escala de necessidade de descanso (fadiga). Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e aplicaram-se testes inferenciais com o intuito de verificar a associação da fadiga e a capacidade para o trabalho e comparar a fadiga entre os setores analisados. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 110 profissionais. Um total de 86,24% dos trabalhadores relatou desconforto osteomuscular, com maior prevalência na coluna cervical, torácica e lombar. Aproximadamente 43% dos profissionais apresentaram fadiga residual. Verificou-se associação significante entre fadiga e redução da capacidade para o trabalho (p<0,003), assim como associação entre menor idade e maior fadiga (p<0,03). Conclusão Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de desconforto osteomuscular no último ano e uma quantidade considerável de profissionais que apresentaram fadiga residual instalada. Destaca-se também uma importante parcela dos trabalhadores com moderada capacidade de trabalho, que requer atenção em médio prazo.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the musculoskeletal discomfort, work ability and residual fatigue in nursing professionals working in the hospital setting. Method Cross-sectional study with professionals from a medium-sized public hospital. The Nordic symptom questionnaire, the work ability index, and the need for recovery scale (fatigue) were used. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferential tests were applied in order to verify the association of fatigue and work ability, and compare the fatigue among sectors analyzed. Results Participation of 110 professionals in the study. A total of 86.24% of workers reported musculoskeletal discomfort, with a higher prevalence in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Approximately 43% of professionals presented residual fatigue. There was a significant association between fatigue and reduction of work ability (p<0.003), as well as association between younger age and greater fatigue (p<0.03). Conclusion Results demonstrated a high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in the previous year and a considerable number of professionals with residual fatigue. There was a substantial portion of workers with moderate work ability and requiring attention in the medium term.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la incomodidad musculoesquelética, la capacidad laboral y la fatiga residual en profesionales de la enfermería que actúan en Hospital. Método Estudio transversal con profesionales de un hospital público de mediano porte. Fueron utilizados el cuestionario nórdico de síntomas, el índice de capacidad laboral y la escala de necesidad de descanso. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente y se aplicaron pruebas inferenciales con el fin de verificar la asociación de la fatiga y la capacidad laboral y comparar la fatiga entre los sectores analizados. Resultados Participaron en la investigación 110 profesionales. Un total del 86,24% de los trabajadores relató incomodidad osteomuscular, con mayor prevalencia en la columna cervical, torácica y lumbar. Un 43% de los profesionales presentaron fatiga residual. Se verificó asociación significativa entre fatiga y reducción de la capacidad laboral (p<0,003), así como asociación entre menor edad y mayor fatiga (p<0,03). Conclusión Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de incomodidad osteomuscular en el último año y una cantidad considerable de profesionales que presentaron fatiga residual instalada. Se destaca también una importante parte de los trabajadores con moderada capacidad laboral, que requiere de atención a mediano plazo.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the musculoskeletal discomfort, work ability and residual fatigue in nursing professionals working in the hospital setting. Method Cross-sectional study with professionals from a medium-sized public hospital. The Nordic symptom questionnaire, the work ability index, and the need for recovery scale (fatigue) were used. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferential tests were applied in order to verify the association of fatigue and work ability, and compare the fatigue among sectors analyzed. Results Participation of 110 professionals in the study. A total of 86.24% of workers reported musculoskeletal discomfort, with a higher prevalence in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Approximately 43% of professionals presented residual fatigue. There was a significant association between fatigue and reduction of work ability (p<0.003), as well as association between younger age and greater fatigue (p<0.03). Conclusion Results demonstrated a high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in the previous year and a considerable number of professionals with residual fatigue. There was a substantial portion of workers with moderate work ability and requiring attention in the medium term.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la incomodidad musculoesquelética, la capacidad laboral y la fatiga residual en profesionales de la enfermería que actúan en Hospital. Método Estudio transversal con profesionales de un hospital público de mediano porte. Fueron utilizados el cuestionario nórdico de síntomas, el índice de capacidad laboral y la escala de necesidad de descanso. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente y se aplicaron pruebas inferenciales con el fin de verificar la asociación de la fatiga y la capacidad laboral y comparar la fatiga entre los sectores analizados. Resultados Participaron en la investigación 110 profesionales. Un total del 86,24% de los trabajadores relató incomodidad osteomuscular, con mayor prevalencia en la columna cervical, torácica y lumbar. Un 43% de los profesionales presentaron fatiga residual. Se verificó asociación significativa entre fatiga y reducción de la capacidad laboral (p<0,003), así como asociación entre menor edad y mayor fatiga (p<0,03). Conclusión Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de incomodidad osteomuscular en el último año y una cantidad considerable de profesionales que presentaron fatiga residual instalada. Se destaca también una importante parte de los trabajadores con moderada capacidad laboral, que requiere de atención a mediano plazo.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o desconforto musculoesquelético, a capacidade para o trabalho e a fadiga residual em profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em Hospital. Método Estudo transversal com profissionais de um hospital público de médio porte. Foram utilizados o questionário nórdico de sintomas, o índice de capacidade para o trabalho e a escala de necessidade de descanso (fadiga). Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e aplicaram-se testes inferenciais com o intuito de verificar a associação da fadiga e a capacidade para o trabalho e comparar a fadiga entre os setores analisados. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 110 profissionais. Um total de 86,24% dos trabalhadores relatou desconforto osteomuscular, com maior prevalência na coluna cervical, torácica e lombar. Aproximadamente 43% dos profissionais apresentaram fadiga residual. Verificou-se associação significante entre fadiga e redução da capacidade para o trabalho (p<0,003), assim como associação entre menor idade e maior fadiga (p<0,03). Conclusão Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de desconforto osteomuscular no último ano e uma quantidade considerável de profissionais que apresentaram fadiga residual instalada. Destaca-se também uma importante parcela dos trabalhadores com moderada capacidade de trabalho, que requer atenção em médio prazo.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar as mudanças espaço-temporais no uso e cobertura da terra (land use/ cover - LULC), assim como, analisar o padrão da paisagem ao longo de 20 anos (1995 - 2015) na bacia do rio Catolé, utilizando métricas da paisagem. Os mapas foram obtidos utilizando imagens do Landsat 5 e 8 (nível de processamento 1) por meio de classificação supervisionada usando o classificador de máxima verossimilhança. Foram identificadas sete classes temáticas: vegetação densa, vegetação esparsa, mata ciliar, cultura agrícola, floresta plantada, solo exposto e água. Em seguida, as classes relacionadas à paisagem (vegetação densa, esparsa e mata ciliar) foram agrupadas em uma classe de fragmentos florestais, a qual foi ordenada por tamanho: muito pequeno (< 5 ha), pequeno (5 - 10 ha), médio (10 - 100 ha), grande (100 ha) e uma classe geral (sem distinção de tamanho). Em seguida, calcularam-se as métricas de área, tamanho e densidade, borda, forma, proximidade e área central. A vegetação densa na área de estudo diminuiu consideravelmente dentro do período avaliado, enquanto a área de culturas agrícolas e solo exposto aumentaram. No geral, na bacia do rio Catolé, a área total de vegetação natural reduziu 3.273 hectares (4,62%). As métricas da paisagem mostraram uma redução no número de fragmentos muito pequenos, embora a área ainda esteja fragmentada. Além disso, uma distância de borda máxima de 50 m é sugerida para a realização de estudos envolvendo métricas de área central na bacia do rio Catolé, pois valores acima desta distância eliminariam os fragmentos muito pequenos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to quantify the spatio-temporal changes in land use/ cover (LULC), as well as analyze landscape patterns over a 20-year period (1995 - 2015) in the Catolé watershed, northern Minas Gerais State, using landscape metrics. The LULC maps were obtained using Landsat 5 and 8 data (Processing level 1) through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood classifier. Seven thematic classes were identified: dense vegetation, sparse vegetation, riparian vegetation, cropland, planted forest, bare soil, and water. From the LULC maps, classes related to the natural landscape (dense, sparse, and riparian vegetation) were grouped into forest patches, which was then ordered by size: very small (< 5 ha); small (5 - 10 ha); medium (10 - 100 ha); large (100 ha); and a general class (no distinction of patch size). Then, metrics of area, size and density, edge, shape, proximity and core area were calculated. The dense vegetation portion of the study area decreased considerably within a given time, while the portion of cropland and bare soil increased. Overall, in the Catolé river basin, the total area of natural vegetation decreased by 3,273 hectares (4.62%). Landscape metrics analysis exhibited a reduction in the number of very small patches, although the study area was still considered as fragmented. Moreover, a maximum edge distance of 50 m is suggested for conducting studies involving core area metrics in the Catolé watershed, as values above this distance would eliminate the very small patches.