Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth of B. vulgaris seedlings by incorporating five doses of sewage sludge (0, 10, 30, 50, and 70%) into the substrate, with three types of propagules. The design used was completely randomized (DIC), with 30 replicates per treatment. At 30 and 90 days, the parameters were measured: height, number of shoots, and the dry mass of the roots and aerial part. The means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. It was found that the incorporation of sewage sludge was not detrimental to the growth and development of the seedlings. Concerning the three types of propagules, the highlight was P1, which was more promising in the seedling production via cuttings. The most indicated sewage sludge dosage is the incorporation of 30% since it showed higher growth of seedlings. With dry mass, from the aerial part, the highlight was the propagulum P2, followed by P1. Root dry mass values were low in all treatments evaluated, suggesting the need for a longer evaluation time in the development and establishment of bamboo seedlings in a nursery.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas de B. vulgaris através da incorporação cinco doses de lodo de esgoto (0, 10, 30, 50 e 70%) ao substrato, com três tipos de propágulos. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 30 repetições por tratamento. Aos 30 e 90 dias foram mensurados os parámetros: altura, número de brotos, e a massa seca das raízes e parte aérea. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott. Verificou-se que a incorporação de lodo de esgoto não foi prejudicial ao crescimento e desenvolvimento das mudas. Em relação aos três tipos de propágulos o destaque foi P1, que se mostrou mais promissor à produção de mudas via estaquia. Para a dosagem de lodo de esgoto mais indicada é a incorporação de 30%, uma vez que apresentou maior crescimento das mudas. Em relação a massa seca, da parte aérea o destaque foi o propágulo P2, seguido de P1. Já os valores da massa seca de raiz foram baixos em todos os tratamentos avaliados, o que sugere a necessidade de um maior tempo de avaliação no desenvolvimento e estabelecimento das mudas de bambu em viveiro.

Abstract This work reports a study of the room-temperature synthesis of a SnO2/ZnO bilayer by magnetron sputtering. Morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the bilayer were investigated for different thicknesses of SnO2. Morphology was studied using profilometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optical transmittances of the ZnO films and of the SnO2/ZnO combination were high (about 80%) in the visible, and the SnO2 film did not alter the optical properties of the ZnO, which would act as a transparent contact electrode in a perovskite solar cell.

RESUMEN Las mezclas entre herbicidas, el uso de múltiples sitios de acción y otras prácticas de manejo de malezas son necesarias para evitar otros casos de resistencia de biotipos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de imazapic/imazapyr y otros herbicidas en mezclas para controlar Digitaria insularis en la desecación antes de la siembra de soya. Esta investigación de campo se realizó en Umuarama, Estado de Paraná (PR), Brasil, en la cosecha de soya de 2018/19. El experimento se realizó en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y 11 tratamientos, compuestos por la aplicación de glifosato, cletodim, haloxifop, imazapic/imazapir, glufosinato, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), dicamba, triclopir y saflufenacil, en mezclas. Se evaluó el control de malezas, así como el daño y el rendimiento de la soya. Se realizaron un análisis de varianza y test F, y se compararon las medias de los tratamientos con el test de Scott-Knott. Todos los tratamientos mostraron un gran control sobre la maleza y una baja tasa de daño a los cultivos mientras se mantenía el rendimiento de la soya. La aplicación de imazapic/imazapir en mezclas con otros herbicidas fue eficaz en el control de D. insularis resistente al glifosato, en desecación antes de la siembra de soya y con aplicación secuencial de haloxifop + glifosato en la etapa V3 de la soya. Este manejo químico también fue selectivo para la soya.

ABSTRACT Herbicide mixtures, use of multiple sites of action, and other weed management practices are necessary to avoid cases of biotype resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of imazapic/imazapyr and other herbicides in mixtures to control Digitaria insularis at burndown before soybean sowing. This field research was conducted in Umuarama, State of Parana (PR), Brazil, in the 2018/19 soybean season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates and 11 treatments composed of the application of glyphosate, clethodim, haloxyfop, imazapic/ imazapyr, glufosinate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba, triclopyr, and saflufenacil, in mixtures. Weed control was evaluated as well as soybean injury and yield. An analysis of variance and F-test were performed, and the treatment means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. All treatments showed great control over the weed and low crop injury rate while maintaining soybean yield. The application of imazapic/ imazapyr in mixtures with other herbicides was effective in controlling glyphosate-resistant D. insularis in burndown before soybean sowing and with sequential application of haloxyfop + glyphosate at V3 stage of soybean. This chemical management was also selective for soybean.

Resumo A associação da atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) realizados no contexto escolar com fatores de risco cardiovascular é inconclusiva. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a AFMV e o CS realizados durante o período escolar estão associados a fatores de risco cardiovasculares em escolares de 10 a 16 anos. Utilizou-se os dados da linha de base de um estudo clínico controlado não randomizado (“MEXA-SE”) realizado com alunos do 6º ao 9º ano de escolas de Florianópolis, Brasil. Dobras cutâneas, pressão arterial, teste de vaivém de 20 metros, glicemia de jejum, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade e contagem de glóbulos brancos foram mensurados. A AFMV e CS foram medidos objetivamente com acelerômetros. Foi preconizado um período mínimo de 180 minutos de uso para considerar o tempo válido e realizou-se regressão linear múltipla ajustada para idade, sexo e atividade física habitual. A AFMV foi associada positivamente com VO2 pico (β=0,17 ml.kg.min-1) e inversamente associada à soma das quatro dobras cutâneas (β=-0,96 mm), pressão arterial diastólica (β=0,36 mmHg), pressão arterial sistólica (β=-0,301 mmHg); triglicerídeos (β=-1,49 mg.dL-1) e fatores de risco cardiovasculares agrupados (β=-0,123). Houve também associação positiva do CS com fatores de risco cardiovascular agrupados (β=0,033). Conclui-se que a AFMV e o CS foram associados a fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Assim, a promoção de estratégias que visem aumentar a AFMV e reduzir o SB no contexto escolar pode impedir o aparecimento e o acúmulo precoce de fatores de risco cardiovasculares na adolescência.

Abstract The association of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior performed in the school context with cardiovascular risk factors is unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MVPA and SB during school time are associated with single and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in 10- to 16-year-old school students. This study used the baseline data from a non-randomized controlled clinical trial (“MEXA-SE”) conducted on 6th to 9th-grade students from schools in Florianopolis, Brazil. Skinfolds, resting blood pressure, 20-m shuttle-run test, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and white blood cell counts were obtained. MVPA and SB were objectively measured with accelerometers. A minimum of 180 minutes was considered valid school-time for analysis. Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex and habitual physical activity was used. School-time MVPA was positively associated with the peak VO2 (β = 0.17 ml.kg.min-1), and inversely associated with sum of four skinfolds (β = -0.96 mm), diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.36 mmHg), systolic blood pressure (β = -0.301 mmHg); triglycerides (β = -1.49 mg.dL-1), and clustered cardiovascular risk factors (β = -0.123). School-time SB was positively associated with clustered cardiovascular risk factors (β = 0.033). In conclusion, independently of habitual physical activity level, school-time MVPA and a lower time in SB were associated to single and clustered cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the promotion of strategies aimed increase MVPA and reduce SB at school may prevent the onset and early accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence.

Aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering from a metallic Zn-Al (5 at. %) target at room temperature. The morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were studied as a function of the sputtering pressure, which was varied from 0.1 to 6.7 Pa. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the films obtained were polycrystalline, having a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation in the (002) plane. In addition, the crystallite size increased as a function of sputtering pressure. Owing to the re-sputtering of the Zn atoms from the growing film, the aluminum concentration presented a maximum value of 13 at. %. At pressures close to 0.16 Pa, we obtained films with values of electrical resistivity and mobility of 2.8 10-3 Ω cm and 17 cm2/Vs, respectively. Finally, our results indicate that the structure zone diagram proposed by Thornton and later modified by Kluth does not fully predict the structural/morphological behavior of the AZO films, since plasma interactions must also be taken into account. With the methodology used, transparent conductive electrodes can be deposited on substrates at low temperatures.

Abstract Chagas' disease is a parasitic infection caused by protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that affect millions of people worldwide. The available drugs for treatment of this infection cause serious side effects and have variable efficacy, especially in the chronic phase of the disease. In this context, natural compounds have shown great potential for the discovery of new chemotherapies for the treatment of this infection and various other diseases. In present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of five species of Brazilian and Spanish marine sponges (Condrosia reniformes, Tethya rubra, Tethya ignis, Mycale angulosa and Dysidea avara) against T. cruzi. By GC–MS data, we observed that in these extracts were present the major classes of the following compounds: hydrocarbons, terpenes, steroids and alcohols. The extracts showed activity against the three forms of this parasite and did not induce toxicity in mammalian cells. Better activities were observed with the extracts of marine sponges, C. reniformes (EC50 = 0.6 μg/ml), D. avara (EC50 = 1.1 μg/ml) and M. angulosa (EC50 = 3.8 μg/ml), against trypomastigote forms. In intracellular amastigote forms, the extract of T. ignis showed IC50 of 7.2 μg/ml and SI of 24.65. On this basis, our results indicate that these extracts can be promising chemotherapeutic agents against T. cruzi.

A formação continuada de professores na década de 1990 passou a ser considerada uma das estratégias fundamentais para o processo de construção de um novo perfil profissional do professor. Neste contexto, a concepção crítico-reflexiva foi defendida como a orientação mais adequada para a renovação dos sistemas de formação continuada de professores no Brasil. No entanto, ao longo de duas décadas, diferentes estudos indicam que esta orientação teórico-metodológica operou mudanças pouco significativas nas práticas formativas. A partir de uma revisão sobre a tendência denominada de Epistemologia da Prática, este ensaio propõe um deslocamento da formação continuada de professores do campo das políticas públicas para o campo da formação humana. Nesta direção, procuramos apontar qual a contribuição da teoria crítica da formação humana para os processos de formação continuada de professores na contemporaneidade.

Teachers' continuing education in the 1990s came to be considered one of the fundamental strategies for the process of constructing a new professional profile for the teacher. In this context, the critical-reflexive conception was defended as the most adequate orientation to renew systems of continuing education for teachers in Brazil. Nevertheless, through two decades, different studies have indicated that this theoretical-methodological orientation made way for changes of little significance in the practice of capacitating teachers. Setting out from a revision of the tendency denominated Epistemology of Practice, this work proposes a change in the continuing education of teachers, from the field of policies to the field of human capital formation. In this direction, we sought to point out what the contribution of the critical theory of human capital formation would be for contemporary processes of continuing formation in teaching

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do fertilizante mineral NPK associado ao resíduo orgânico "cama de frango", sobre as características agronômicas da soja bem como os teores de nutrientes em um Cambissolo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Itutinga, sul de Minas Gerais, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições em esquema de parcela subdividida. A cultivar utilizada no experimento foi a BRS Favorita RR. Os tratamentos aplicados às parcelas foram constituídos por quatro doses de "cama de frango" (0; 3; 6 e 9 Mg ha-1), aplicados em área total. As subparcelas constituíram as cinco doses do fertilizante mineral formulado NPK 04-30-10 (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 kg ha-1), aplicados ao sulco de semeadura. A adubação com o fertilizante mineral proporciona aumento na altura de planta e de inserção do primeiro legume, número de legumes por planta e na produtividade de grãos da cultura da soja. A adubação com o resíduo orgânico "cama de frango" eleva a altura de planta e de inserção do primeiro legume, massa de 100 grãos, número de legumes por planta e o rendimento de grãos de soja, porém em doses mais elevadas favorece o acamamento das plantas. A utilização da cama de frango é viável em termos agronômicos e econômicos na cultura da soja. A adição de cama de frango eleva os teores de potássio e enxofre no solo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilizer NPK associated with the organic waste "poultry litter" on the agronomic characteristics of soybean as well as nutrient levels in the Cambisol. The experiment was carried out in Itutinga, southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in a randomized blocks experimental design with three replications in split-plot. The cultivar used was BRS Favorita RR. The treatments applied to plots consisted on four doses of "poultry litter" (0; 3; 6 and 9 Mg ha-1), applied in the total area. The subplots were the five doses of mineral fertilizer NPK 04-30-10 (0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 kg ha-1), applied to the groove seeding. Fertilization with mineral fertilizers provides an increase in plant and first pod height, number of pods per plant and yield of soybean. Fertilization with organic waste "poultry litter" increases the plant and first pod height, weight of 100 grains, number of pods per plant and yield of soybean, however at higher doses favors the lodging of plants. The use of poultry litter is viable in agronomic and economic terms in the soybean crop. The addition of poultry litter increases the contents of potassium and sulfur in the soil.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses do regulador vegetal do grupo das citocininas, cinetina, e de nitrato de potássio aplicados via foliar na fase fenológica R3 (início da frutificação) na produtividade e características agronômicas da soja em condições de campo. O experimento foi conduzido em Itutinga, MG, utilizando-se 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1.000 mg de cinetina ha-1 combinadas com as doses de 0, 5, 10 e 15 kg de nitrato de potássio ha-1 em esquema fatorial, num delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Avaliou-se o posicionamento dos legumes nas plantas em três posições do dossel, dividido em inferior, médio e superior. A aplicação de nitrato de potássio não influenciou nenhuma das características avaliadas. A cinetina aumentou o número total de legumes fixados em até 27,4%, principalmente, os do terço inferior e mediano do dossel. Observaram-se aumentos dos legumes no terço médio de até 20,7%, perante a testemunha. A produção por planta foi incrementada em até 27,1%, utilizando a maior dose. Atribui-se a causa dos efeitos da cinetina ao aumento dos níveis endógenos de citocininas que contribuíram para uma maior produção e melhor redistribuição de fotoassimilados para os legumes e sementes.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of kinetin and potassium nitrate applied to leaves, at the R3 phenological phase, on some agronomic characteristics of soybean plants and their yield per plant in the field. The experiment was carried out in Itutinga, MG, using five kinetin concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1.000 mg kinetin ha-1) combined with four potassium nitrate concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) in a factorial scheme using a randomized block experimental design, with three replications. The positioning of numbers of pods per plant was evaluated in three positions in the canopy: lower, middle and upper. The application of potassium nitrate did not influence the studied characteristics. Kinetin increased the total set pod number by 27.4% in contrast to the control, mainly in the lower and middle thirds of the canopy. The kinetin increased the pod set number up to 20.7%, in the middle third. The yield per plant was increased up to 27.1% using the highest kinetin concentration. The increases were attributed to an increase in the endogenous cytokinin levels that contribute to the higher production and better redistribution of assimilates to the pods and seeds.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento forrageiro em função de épocas de semeadura, cultivares de soja e sistemas de cortes no sistema consorciado sorgo-soja na entrelinha. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Lavras-MG, nos anos agrícolas 2006/07 e 2007/08, no Departamento de Agricultura da UFLA, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 x 3, compreendendo cinco épocas de semeadura sorgo-soja, três cultivares de soja e três sistemas de corte. Para efeito de comparação com o sistema consorciado, utilizou-se o monocultivo do sorgo semeado nas cinco épocas. As épocas de semeadura alteraram significativamente o rendimento forrageiro e o teor de proteína bruta do material consorciado, observando-se rendimentos crescentes dessas características com a precocidade da semeadura. As cultivares de soja não alteraram o rendimento forrageiro do consórcio. O sistema de corte 1 (rente ao solo) proporcionou os maiores rendimentos de massa verde, matéria seca e proteína bruta dos materiais consorciados. O sistema de consórcio sorgo-soja proporcionou maior rendimento de massa verde, matéria seca e proteína bruta, comparado ao monocultivo de sorgo.

This work aimed to evaluate the forage yield as a result of sowing dates, cultivars of soybean and cutting systems in a sorghum-soybean intercropping system. The experiments were carried out in Lavras-MG, in the agricultural years 2006/07 and 2007/08, in the Department of Agriculture of the UFLA. Were used a randomized complete blocks design in a 5 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, being five sowing dates sorghum-soybean, three soybean cultivars and three cutting systems. Was used the sorghum monoculture, sown in five sowing dates, in order to compare it to the intercropping system. The sowing dates significantly changed the forage yield and crude protein content of the material intercropping, observing increasing returns to these characteristics with the early sowing. The soybean cultivars did not affect the forage yield of the intercropping. The cutting system 1 (near the soil surface) showed the highest yields of green mass, dry matter and crude protein of the material intercropping. The system of intercropping sorghum-soybean highest yield of green mass, dry matter and crude protein, compared to the monoculture of sorghum.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes sistemas de corte, espaçamentos e densidade de semeio no consórcio das culturas de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) e soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] na entrelinha, visando à maximização da produção de forragem da cultura de sorgo. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios, nos anos agrícolas 2002/03 e 2003/04 em área experimental do Campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG, em solo classificado como Latossolo Distroférrico típico, textura argilosa, fase cerrado. Utilizaram-se três sistemas de corte, três espaçamentos, duas densidades de semeio na cultura do sorgo e um tratamento adicional (monocultivo do sorgo). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x3x2+1. Os diferentes sistemas de corte e espaçamentos alteraram significativamente os rendimentos de massa verde, matéria seca e proteína bruta, com ênfase para o segundo sistema de corte e espaçamento de 80 cm entre linhas de semeio, que alcançaram melhores desempenhos. As densidades avaliadas não alteraram o rendimento forrageiro. O consórcio sorgo-soja não proporcionou diminuição do rendimento forrageiro da gramínea, quando comparado ao monocultivo.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the different cutting systems, spacing, and sowing densities on the intercropping of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in the inter-row, in order to maximize the forage production of the sorghum culture. Two trials were carried out on the agricultural years of 2002/03 and 2003/04 at the experimental area of UFLA (Federal University of Lavras) Campus, in Lavras, MG, on soil classified as dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol), cerrado phase. Three cutting systems were used, three spacings, two sowing densities of the sorghum crop and one additional treatment (monoculture of sorghum). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks of 3x3x2+1 factorial scheme with three replications. The different cutting systems and spacings significantly modified the yields of green mass, dry matter, and crude protein, with emphasis on the second cutting system and the 80 cm inter-row sowing spacing, which reached better performances. The tested densities did not significantly modify the forage yield. The intercropping sorghum-soybean system did not provide a decrease in the graminae forage yield when compared to the monoculture.

The pandemic novel influenza A (H1N1) infection was considered widespread in Brazil on July, 2009. Since then, 9.249 cases were confirmed in Brazil, most of them concentrated in São Paulo. The Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo is a reference center for H1N1 cases in São Paulo. The purpose of this review is to analyze the evidence concerning diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. In addition, we propose guidelines for the management of this pandemic emphasizing Hospital das Clínicas "bundles" for the control of the pandemic novel influenza A (H1N1).

The pandemic novel influenza A (H1N1) infection was considered widespread in Brazil on July 16, 2009. Since then, 46,810 cases of acute respiratory syndrome have been reported in Brazil, most of them concentrated in São Paulo. Through September 16, we have confirmed 9,249 cases of novel influenza A H1N1in Brazil, including 699 deaths. The mortality rate observed in Brazil is 0.47/100,000 inhabitants and varies according to region. In this period, São Paulo registered 3733 cases (40.3% of the total) of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection and 327 deaths, reflecting a mortality rate of 0.79/100,000 inhabitants. The Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC) is a reference center for H1N1 cases in São Paulo. During the winter of 2009, 472 patients in this hospital were diagnosed with H1N1 infection; of these, 210 were admitted, and 16 died. To control this pandemic and to provide adequate care for these patients, the Hospital das Clínicas implemented "bundles" including prevention strategies, an epidemiologic surveillance service, availability of fast diagnosis, antiviral treatment and training of staff. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the epidemiologic features of novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection in the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo during the winter period of the 2009 pandemic.