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ABSTRACT The symbiosis of common beans with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provides an efficient approach to sustainable and economical food production. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the application of cost-effective nitrogen management strategies in organic common bean cultivation, including the application of poultry manure and organic liquid fertilizer, seed and co-inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and/or Rhizobium tropici), and supplementary Rhizobium tropici inoculation. The study spanned three years in a well-established organic cultivation field (2018) and an initial organic cultivation area (2019 and 2020) in Brazil. It was arranged in a randomized blocks design in a 2 × 5 (2018) and 2 × 6 (2019 and 2020) factorial scheme, with four replicates. The most profitable strategy involves seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and additional inoculation with Rhizobium tropici at stage V4-5 (fifth trifoliate leaf fully expanded), while the most costly strategy was the application of poultry manure at the V3 stage (first trifoliate leaf fully expanded). Thus, the use of diazotrophic bacteria for seed inoculation and co-inoculation (Azospirillum brasilense and/or Rhizobium tropici) ensured financial returns and system profitability in common bean cultivation.

RESUMO A simbiose do feijão comum com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio proporciona uma abordagem eficiente para a produção de alimentos sustentável e econômica. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação de estratégias custo-efetivas de manejo de nitrogênio no cultivo orgânico do feijão comum, incluindo a aplicação de esterco de aves e fertilizante orgânico líquido, inoculação de sementes e coinoculação com bactérias diazotróficas (Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Rhizobium tropici), e inoculação suplementar com Rhizobium tropici. O estudo durou três anos em um campo de cultivo orgânico bem estabelecido (2018) e uma área inicial de cultivo orgânico (2019 e 2020) no Brasil. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 (2018) e 2 × 6 (2019 e 2020), com quatro repetições. A estratégia mais lucrativa envolve a inoculação de sementes com Azospirillum brasilense e inoculação adicional com Rhizobium tropici no estádio V4-5 (quinta folha trifoliada totalmente expandida), enquanto a estratégia mais cara foi a aplicação de esterco de aves no estádio V3 (primeira folha trifoliada totalmente expandida). Assim, o uso de bactérias diazotróficas para inoculação e coinoculação de sementes (Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Rhizobium tropici) garantiu retorno financeiro e rentabilidade do sistema no cultivo do feijão comum.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n2e272029

Spatiotemporal distribution of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) in graniferous sorghum crops
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Lopes, P. C.

; Souza, P. G. C.

; Santos, J. C. B.

; Borges, C. E.

; Araújo, F. H. V.

; Martins, J. C.

; Picanço, M. C.

; Soares, M. A.

; Veloso, R. V. S.

; Oliveira, J. R.

; Rossini, L. C.

; Siqueira, F. C.

; Silva, R. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e261972

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Em uma escala global o Sorghum bicolor (L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes, ocupando o quinto lugar entre todos os cereais. É cultivada na África, Ásia, Oceania e Américas, onde serve como fonte de alimento e ração para humanos e animais, respectivamente. No entanto, a produção é limitada por vários fatores, incluindo pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas que atacam o sorgo, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), comumente chamado de pulgão verde dos cereais, é a praga mais destrutiva do sorgo. O dano de S. graminum ao sorgo é agravado pelo déficit hídrico que favorece sua ocorrência. Informações limitadas sobre a distribuição espacial da praga e seus inimigos naturais impedem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo ecologicamente corretas. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum e seu inimigo natural Coccinella septempunctata (L.) durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura por meio de análise geoestatística. A distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum foi influenciada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento do sorgo, paisagem circundante e presença de seu principal predador C. septempunctata. Além disso, a abundância de C. septempunctata foi influenciada pela densidade de S. graminum. Os resultados deste estudo são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de manejo de pragas contra S. graminum.

Abstract At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.261972

UPLC-QTOF-MSE-Based Metabolic Profile to Screening Candidates of Biomarkers of Dwarf-Cashew Clones Resistant and Susceptible to Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz. & Sacc.)
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Alves, Priscilla C. C.

; Guedes, Jhonyson A. C.

; Serrano, Luiz A. L.

; Martins, Marlon V. V.

; Sousa, Debora B. de

; Silva, Gisele S.

; Ribeiro, Paulo R. V.

; Zampieri, Dávila S.

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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nov 2023, Volume 34 N. 11 Pages 1652 - 1668

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Investigating specialized plant metabolites, traditionally referred to as ‘secondary metabolites’ present in leaf extracts of cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale) resistant and susceptible to anthracnose disease was carried out using metabolomics combined with chemometric tools. We used clones of dwarf-cashew with the following variations of characteristics: resistant and healthy (CCP 76, BRS 226, BRS 189), susceptible and healthy (BRS 265), and another clone also susceptible but affected by the disease (BRS 265). The UPLC-QTOF-MSE (ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analysis of the leaves of Anacardium clones allowed us to annotate a total of 39 metabolites. The multiple orthogonal partial discriminant analysis of the least-squares (OPLS-DA) allowed twelve metabolites to be potential biomarkers of differentiation among the clones studied. Namely, the triene-(17:3)-anacardic acid found on CCP 76 and BRS 189 clones, respectively, is the main candidate for biomarker of resistance. While catechin, B-type procyanidin isomers, and procyanidin dimer monogallate identified in BRS 265 are significant potential biomarkers of susceptibility.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230097

[Descriptive comparison of serum progesterone levels during intravaginal device insertion in mares]
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Teixeira, A.C.B.

; Riveros, J.A.N.

; Pereira, I.C.

; Martins, B. R.

; Ledo, L.L.

; Brito, M. F.

; Monteiro, G.A.

; Leme, F. P.

; Oliveira, L.Z.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2023, Volume 75 N. 5 Pages 1019 - 1025

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMO O objetivo foi descrever os níveis séricos de progesterona (P4) de éguas tratadas com um ou dois dispositivos intravaginais de primeiro uso e com um dispositivo de segundo uso de P4, em um período de 10 dias e comparar a concentração de P4. Três éguas foram tratadas com implante intravaginal de P4 (Reprosync®; 2g de P4) por 10 dias (D0 a D10). A égua 1 recebeu dois implantes novos, a égua 2 recebeu um implante novo e a égua 3 recebeu um implante usado de P4. Coletas de sangue foram realizadas diariamente (a.m./p.m.) do D0 ao D10 e concentrações de P4 foram analisadas por quimioluminescência. A égua que recebeu dois dispositivos apresentou numericamente maior concentração sérica média de P4 (5,11±2,24ng/mL) do que a égua que recebeu um dispositivo novo (3,27±0,94) e do que a égua que recebeu um dispositivo usado (2,78±0,72). As éguas que receberam um dispositivo (novo ou usado) tiveram médias de P4 relativamente semelhantes numericamente. Concluiu-se que a concentração sérica de P4 de éguas recebendo diferentes quantidades de dispositivos intravaginais de P4 parece diferir de acordo com o número de implantes inseridos. Ainda assim, todos os tratamentos atingiram concentrações séricas de P4 capazes de bloquear a ovulação.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13022

Do vitamins affect the morphophysiology of lettuce in a hydroponic system?
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Vendruscolo, Eduardo P.

; Seron, Cássio de C.

; Leonel, Eduardo A. S.

; Lima, Sebastião F. de

; Araujo, Suleiman L.

; Martins, Murilo B.

; Sant’ Ana, Gabriela R.

; Oliveira, Janaina J. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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sep 2023, Volume 27 N. 9 Pages 698 - 703

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Technologies once applied exclusively in conventional systems have maximized gains in hydroponic systems; however, they still need information for proper use. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of thiamine and niacin on growth and gas exchange activities in two lettuce cultivars in an ebb and flow hydroponic system. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments were as follows: T1 - control, T2 - thiamine at a concentration of 200 mg L-1, T3 - niacin at 200 mg L-1, and T4 - thiamine and niacin combined at 100 mg L-1 of each vitamin. Each experimental plot consisted of a lettuce plant. The combined application of thiamine and niacin stood out, increasing the activity of gas exchange of lettuce plants and increasing by about 30% the fresh mass, concerning the control, for both cultivars, followed by the isolated application of niacin. For thiamine, the application alone did not result in significant changes. The vitamins affect the morphophysiology of lettuce, where the use of niacin has the potential for use in hydroponic production systems. Its combined use with thiamine increases this potential, with a synergistic effect between the compounds being verified.

RESUMO Tecnologias outrora aplicadas exclusivamente em sistemas convencionais, têm maximizado os ganhos em sistemas hidropônicos, porém, necessitando ainda de informações para uma adequada utilização. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de tiamina e niacina sobre o crescimento e atividades de troca gasosa em duas cultivares de alface em sistema hidropônico de fluxo e refluxo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - controle; T2 - tiamina em concentração de 200 mg L-1; T3 - niacina em concentração de 200 mg L-1; T4 - tiamina e niacina combinadas, em concentração de 100 mg L-1 de cada vitamina. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída por um vaso, contendo uma muda de alface. A aplicação conjunta de tiamina e niacina elevou as trocas gasosas das plantas de alface, aumentando em cerca de 30% a massa fresca, em relação ao controle, para ambas as cultivares, seguida pela aplicação isolada de niacina. Para a tiamina, a aplicação de forma isolada não resultou em alterações significativas. As vitaminas afetam a morfofisiologia da alface, onde o uso da niacina tem potencial para uso em sistemas de produção hidropônicos, sendo esse potencial aumentado pelo seu uso conjunto com a tiamina, verificando-se um efeito sinérgico entre os compostos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n9p698-703

Effect of NPK fertilizer rates and growth regulator concentrations on sweet potato crop yield
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Martins Filho, José B.

; Costa, Raimundo N. T.

; de Sousa, Alan B. O.

; Gondim, Rubens S.

Revista Caatinga

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jun 2023, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 329 - 338

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The low mean yield of sweet potato crops in Brazil is related to several inadequate crop management practices. Considering the increasing production of this vegetable, the objective of this work was to evaluate the yield response of sweet potato crops subjected to different NPK fertilizer rates (NPK) combined with different growth regulator concentrations. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with a 5×5 factorial arrangement consisted of 5 NPK fertilizer rates (0, 696, 1044, 1392, and 1740 kg ha-1) combined with 5 growth regulator concentrations (0, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mL L-1). Numbers of total and commercial roots per plant were affected by the factors tested, presenting a linear increase as the rates and concentrations were increased. The highest estimated sweet potato yield was 43 Mg ha -1, which was obtained using a NPK rate of 1522.64 kg ha-1 and a growth regulator concentration of 34.69 mL L-1. The higher NPK rates improved water use efficiency up to a maximum value of 8.1 kg m-3 with application of the NPK rate of 1740 kg ha-1. After determining a fixed yield level, the production factors tested act as imperfect substitutes in some intervals of variation of the inputs.

RESUMO A baixa produtividade média da batata-doce no Brasil está ligada a uma série de práticas inadequadas no manejo dessa cultura. Tendo em vista a crescente produção dessa hortaliça, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta do rendimento de batata-doce submetida a diferentes níveis de adubação (NPK) associada a diferentes concentrações de regulador de crescimento (RC). Foi realizado um experimento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5×5, sendo 5 níveis de adubação NPK (0; 696; 1044; 1392 e 1740 kg ha-1) combinado com 5 concentrações de RC (0; 20; 25; 30 e 35 mL L-1). O número de raízes totais e comerciais é influenciado pelos insumos testados e aumentam linearmente com aumento das doses e concentrações testadas. A produtividade máxima estimada da batata-doce é de 43 t ha-1, a ser obtida com aplicação de 1522.64 kg ha-1 de NPK e 34.69 mL L-1 de regulador de crescimento. Doses maiores de NPK favoreceram o aumento da eficiência do uso da água, até alcançar o valor máximo de 8.1 kg m-3 com a aplicação da dose de 1740 kg ha-1. Determinado um nível de rendimento fixo, os fatores de produção testados comportam-se como substitutos imperfeitos em alguns intervalos de variação dos insumos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n210rc

Morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial species of Bacillus, Lysinibacillus and Brevibacillus
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Rocha, Gabriela Teodoro

; Montalvão, Sandro Coelho Linhares

; Queiroz, Paulo Roberto Martins

; Berçot, Marcelo Rodrigues

; Gomes, Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes

; Monnerat, Rose Gomes

Revista Ceres

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jun 2023, Volume 70 N. 3 Pages 91 - 104

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize reference bacteria strains, belonging to the genus Bacillus and species of correlated genera, by simplified morphological and biochemical methods. The morphological characterization is based on the aspects of the colonies, as well as cytomorphology of the species, by optical and scanning microscopy. For biochemical characterization, the sensitivity test to antimicrobials by disk-diffusion is performed. Moreover, the strains were characterized by extracting intracellular proteins. Characteristics such as shape, color, and consistency of the colonies, in addition to the type of spore and production of protein crystals were determinants for the morphological characterization of these species. The antibiogram revealed high resistance to β-lactam group antibiotics, in species of Bacillus cereus s.l group. In Bacillus subtilis s.l. group there was high susceptibility to antibiograms, mainly for species of B. subtilis. The protein profile provided specific protein patterns for some species, mainly bands of 130 e 65 kDa for B. thuringiensis, 140 e 130 kDa for Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and 115 kDa for Brevibacillus laterosporus. Our results showed that the morphological and biochemical characterizations, provided a simple identification, with easy interpretation, and low cost.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202370030010

Computational Modeling of Magnetic Field Optical Fiber Sensor Considering Temperature Effects
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Silva, Allamys A. Dias da

; Oliveira, Hebio J. B.

; Alves, Henrique P.

; Nascimento, Jehan Fonsêca do

; Martins Filho, Joaquim F.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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mar 2023, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 91 - 100

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Due to the vast area of application and reliability, fiber optic magnetic field sensors have been the subject of several studies, however, some of these application areas are submitted to temperature variations, which can hinder the sensors in monitoring the magnetic field. With this panorama, this work analyzes through computational modeling a fiber optical magnetic field sensor, using the magneto-optical Faraday effect and observing temperature effects in the sensor response. For modeling, a numerical model built in COMSOL Multiphysics is used. The results show a value for cross-sensitivity of 3.27 mT/°C in a non-optimized configuration of the sensor and of 2.47 mT/°C for an optimized configuration. A methodology for optimizing the sensor to operate in a certain temperature range, 55 to 75 °C, is also discussed. The results presented in this work show that the temperature is an important factor to be considered to improve the selectivity and to obtain the correct sensitivity of the sensor.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265918

OSB sandwich panel with undulated core of balsa wood waste
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Martins, Romulo Henrique B.

; Barbirato, Guilherme Henrique A.

; Campos Filho, Luiz Eduardo

; Fiorelli, Juliano

Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología

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2023, Volume 25 elocation 25

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: The production of wood-based materials is currently being expanded by the furniture industry and civil construction sector. In order to find new alternatives for the panel market, new configuration possibilities (geometry) of panels and the use of renewable raw materials must be explored. In this scope, the objective of this research was to evaluate OSB sandwich panels with an undulated core and flat faces (OSBUC panels) made of Balsa wood waste strands (Ochroma pyramidale) bonded with two-component castor oil polyurethane resin for use in civil construction. Two types of panels were produced with 13 % resin and varying the density of the core (OSBUC-T1 - faces 550 kg/m³ and core 400 kg/m³) and (OSBUC-T2 - faces 550 kg/m³ and core 500 kg/m³). The water absorption and thickness swelling of the face panels were determined based on the Brazilian standard NBR 14810 and the bending test properties of the OSBUC panels determined by the recommendations of the ASTM C393 standard. The results obtained were compared with the specifications of the PS-2-10 - “Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels” that provides bending stiffness (EI) values and maximum bending moment (FbS) requirements for OSB panels according to different classes of use. The sandwich panels had maximum values of EI 6,48 x 106 N·mm²/mm and FbS 3065 N·mm/mm. The OSBUC-T1 treatment proved to be the most efficient, as it has mechanical properties that meet the normative recommendations for structural use and as flooring, with lower material consumption (lower density).

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100425

10.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Brucella abortus biovar 4 isolates from cattle in Brazil
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Andrade, Rafaella Silva

; Pereira, Carine Rodrigues

; Filho, Paulo Martins Soares

; Souza, Patrícia Gomes de

; Fonseca Júnior, Antônio Augusto

; Minharro, Silvia

; Costa, Marisa da

; Dorneles, Elaine Maria Seles

; Lage, Andrey Pereira

Ciência Rural

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2023, Volume 53 N. 6 elocation e20210564

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar (fenotipicamente e genotipicamente) duas cepas de Brucella abortus identificadas como pertencentes ao biovar 4 isolada de bovinos no Brasil. As cepas foram isoladas de bursite cervical de bovinos dos estados do Pará e Rio Grande do Sul, respectivamente. Na identificação fenotípica, os isolados foram positivos na exigência de CO2, produziram H2S, foram resistentes à fucsina básica (20 µg / mL) e sensíveis à tionina (20 µg / mL e 40 µg / mL) e apresentaram antígeno de superfície M, mas o antígeno de superfície A foi ausente. Os isolados foram positivos na PCR para o gene bcsp31 (gênero específico) e na PCR - AMOS, ambos os isolados apresentaram perfil de banda consistente com B. abortus biovar 1, 2 ou 4. Além disso, ambos os isolados também apresentaram padrões de restrição idêntica à cepa de referência quando testada pelo omp2b PCR-RFLP. Na genotipagem usando Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - MLVA (MLVA16), os isolados apresentaram diferenças em vários loci (Bruce42, Bruce19, Bruce04, Bruce16 e Bruce30); no Multiple Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), os isolados também exibiram diferenças na sequência tipo (ST), amostra 16/02 ST1 (2-1-1-2-1-3-1-1-1) e amostra 128/11 ST (22-1-1-8-9-3-1-1-1). A extensa tipagem de cepas de B. abortus isoladas de bovinos no Brasil por diferentes abordagens confirmou a rara ocorrência de B. abortus biovar 4 no país.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to characterize (phenotypically and genotypically) two strains of Brucella abortus identified as belonging to biovar 4 isolated from cattle in Brazil. The strains were isolated from cervical bursitis from cattle in the states of Pará and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively. In the phenotypic identification, the isolates were positive in CO2 requirement, produced H2S, were resistant to basic fuchsin (20 µg / mL) and sensitive to thionin (20 µg / mL and 40 µg / mL) and presented M surface antigen, but A surface antigen is absent. The isolates were positive in the PCR for the bcsp31 gene (genus-specific) and in the AMOS-enhanced PCR, both isolates showed a band profile consistent with B. abortus biovar 1, 2 or 4. Moreover, both isolates also showed restriction patterns identical to the reference strain when tested by the omp2b PCR-RFLP. In genotyping using Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Analysis - MLVA (MLVA16), the isolates showed differences in several loci (Bruce42, Bruce19, Bruce04, Bruce16 and Bruce30); by Multiple Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), they also exhibited differences in sequence type (ST), strain 16/02 ST1 (2-1-1-2-1-3-1-1-1) and strain 128/11 ST (22-1-1 -8-9-3-1-1-1). The extensive typing of B. abortus strains isolated from cattle in Brazil using different approaches confirmed the occurrence of rare B. abortus biovar 4 in the country.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210564

11.

Variations in heterochromatin content reveal important polymorphisms for studies of genetic improvement in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
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Bacelar, P. A. A.

; Feitoza, L. L.

; Valente, S. E. S.

; Gomes, R. L. F.

; Martins, L. V.

; Almeida, P. M.

; Silva, V. B.

; Lopes, A. C. A.

; Carvalho, R.

; Peron, A. P.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e243514

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Allium sativum L. é uma erva da família Alliaceae com sabor e aroma específicos e propriedades medicinais e nutracêuticas amplamente comercializada em diversos países. O Brasil é um dos maiores importadores de alho do mundo, apesar da sua produção ser restrita e limitada ao consumo interno. Assim, explorar a diversidade genética do alho comercial conservado em bancos de germoplasma é essencial para fornecer informações genéticas adicionais acerca dessa cultura economicamente importante. Uma ferramenta adequada para esse fim é a caracterização citogenética desses acessos. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a diversidade citogenética entre sete acessos de alho de um Banco de Germoplasma no Brasil. Os cariótipos foram obtidos por coloração convencional e com os fluorocromos de cromomicina A3 (CMA) e 4,6-diamidino-2-fenilindol (DAPI). Todos os acessos analisados apresentaram número cromossômico 2n = 16, fórmula cariotípica 6M + 2SM, cariótipos simétricos, núcleos reticulados em intérfase e cromossomos com condensação uniforme da cromatina da prófase para a metáfase. A coloração com fluorocromos mostrou diferenças na quantidade e distribuição de heterocromatina ao longo dos cromossomos e entre os acessos estudados. Com base no padrão de distribuição desses pequenos polimorfismos, foi possível separar os sete acessos em três grupos. Também foi possível diferenciar individualmente alguns dos acessos. Um dos resultados obtidos mostrou distensão heteromórfica da região organizadora nucleolar observada nos pares dos cromossomos 6 ou 7 com características peculiares. Foi sugerido, por exemplo, que o bloco heteromórfico de heterocromatina (CMA +++ / DAPI-) no cromossomo 6 do acesso “Branco Mineiro Piauí” pode ser usado como um marcador para identificar esse genótipo ou pode estar associado a algum caráter de interesse econômico.

Abstract Allium sativum L. is an herb of the Alliaceae family with a specific taste and aroma and medicinal and nutraceutical properties that are widely marketed in several countries. Brazil is one of the largest importers of garlic in the world, despite of its production is restricted and limited to internal consumption. Thus, explore the genetic diversity of commercial garlic conserved at germplasm banks is essential to generate additional genetic information about its economically important crop. A suitable tool for this purpose is the cytogenetic characterisation of these accessions. This study aimed to characterise the cytogenetic diversity among seven accessions of garlic from a Germplasm Bank in Brazil. The karyotypes were obtained by conventional staining and with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochromes. All accessions analysed showed chromosome number 2n = 16, karyotype formula 6M+2SM, symmetrical karyotypes, reticulate interphase nuclei, and chromosomes with uniform chromatin condensation from prophase to metaphase. The fluorochromes staining showed differences in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along the chromosomes and between accessions studied. Based on the distribution pattern of these small polymorphisms, it was possible to separate the seven accessions into three groups. It was also possible to differentiate some of the accessions individually. One of the results obtained showed a heteromorphic distension of the nucleolar organiser region observed on the chromosome pairs 6 or 7 with peculiar characteristics. It was suggested for example, that the heteromorphic block of heterochromatin (CMA+++/DAPI-) on chromosome 6 of the “Branco Mineiro Piauí” accession can be used as a marker to identify this genotype or may be associated with some character of economic interest.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243514 2212 downloads

12.

Agreement between measured weight, height and BMI and Web-based self-reported data in participants of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil: a cross-sectional validation study
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Botelho, Vivian Hernandez

; Barros, Aluísio J. D.

; Oliveira, Renata Gonçalves de

; Martins, Rafaela Costa

; Gonçalves, Helen

; Menezes, Ana M. B.

; Blumenberg, Cauane

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2023, Volume 32 N. 2 elocation e2022590

Abstract: Pt Es En | Text: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a concordância entre altura, peso e índice de massa corporal (IMC) aferidos durante o acompanhamento dos 22 anos da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1993, e dados autorrelatados durante o acompanhamento online da coortesnaweb. Métodos: estudo transversal de validação; a concordância foi avaliada pelos coeficientes de correlação de Lin para medidas contínuas e de Kappa ponderado para o estado nutricional; utilizou-se a correlação de Spearman para estimar a correlação entre as medidas. Resultados: 783 participantes foram incluídos; observou-se alta correlação e alta concordância entre as medidas de altura (r = 0,966; ρ = 0,966), peso (r = 0,934; ρ = 0,928) e IMC (r = 0,903; ρ = 0,910) aferidas e as autorrelatadas via internet; não houve correlação entre as diferenças médias e o intervalo de tempo entre as medidas. Conclusão: utilizar a internet para coletar medidas antropométricas autorrelatadas é um método válido, comparado ao método tradicional.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre la altura, el peso y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) medidos durante el acompañamiento de 22 años de la cohorte de nacimientos de Pelotas de 1993 y autoinformado durante el seguimiento en línea de la coortesnaweb. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Lin para medidas continuas, y de Kappa ponderado para el estado nutricional y la correlación de Spearman para la correlación entre medidas. Resultados: se incluyeron 783 participantes, con alta correlación y concordancia entre las medidas de talla (r = 0,966; ρ = 0,966), peso (r = 0,934; ρ = 0,928) e IMC (r = 0,903; ρ = 0,910) medidos y autoinformados vía web. No hubo correlación entre las diferencias de medidas y el intervalo de tiempo entre las mediciones. Conclusión: el uso de internet para recopilar variables antropométricas autoinformadas es válido en comparación con el método tradicional.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the agreement between measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) during the 22-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and self-reported data during the online follow-up of the coortesnaweb. Methods: this was a cross-sectional validation study; agreement was assessed by means of Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient for continuous measures and weighted Kappa for nutritional status; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate the correlation between measurements. Results: a total of 783 participants were included; it could be seen high correlation and high agreement between the measured height (r = 0.966; ρ = 0.966), weight (r = 0.934; ρ = 0.928), and BMI (r = 0.903; ρ = 0.910) and Web-based self-reported data; there was no correlation between mean difference and the time interval between measurements. Conclusion: using the Internet to collect self-reported anthropometric measurements is as valid as the traditional method.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2237-96222023000200013

13.

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e23026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

14.

Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Phenolic Compounds, Total Flavonoids and Hispidulin in Baccharis erioclada DC.
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Barbosa, Vanessa

; Almeida, Valter Paes de

; Manfron, Jane

; Raman, Vijayasankar

; Oliveira, Camila Freitas de

; Betim, Fernando Cesar Martins

; Cruz, Luiza Stolz

; Swiech, Juliane Nadal Dias

; Oliveira, Vinicius Berdnarczuk de

; Paula, Josiane de Fátima Padilha de

; Miguel, Obdúlio Gomes

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2023, Volume 66 elocation e23220459

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Phenolic compounds are frequently found in the specific tissues in the leaves and stems of Baccharis species. However, only a few species of the genus have been studied in recent years, including B. erioclada. This study evaluates the in vitro antioxidant potential of B. erioclada crude extract and its fractions. Phytochemical studies, including quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids have also been carried out. Crude extract presented higher antioxidant capacity since it showed lower values of IC50 or greater reductive capacity compared to the fractions. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the crude extract were quantified as 160.66 mg/g and 47.98 mg/g, respectively. Hispidulin showed 27,2296 g/100 g of dried extract. The present study evidenced that B. erioclada extracts are promising sources of antioxidant compounds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220459

15.

An outbreak of fatal Pullorum disease (Salmonella Pullorum) in Guinea fowl keets (Numida meleagris)
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Pinto, Priscila N.

; Torres, Ana C.D.

; Rodrigues, Mariana P.

; Oliveira, Letícia B.

; Costa, Camila S.

; Ecco, Roselene

; Freitas Neto, Oliveiro C.

; Martins, Nelson R.S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07088

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Pullorum disease is described worldwide and is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum). S. Pullorum infection is important in commercial poultry, provoking a systemic disease with high mortality rates. Its occurrence requires notification, and when it is diagnosed in commercial breeding flocks, its eradication is demanded. The aim of this study was to report a severe outbreak of Pullorum disease in young Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), resulting in 100% mortality of keets (n=290) within the first two weeks of age. All examined keets had enlarged liver, kidneys and spleen (5/5), and the affected tissues were submitted to histological and bacteriological examination. On histopathology, random paratyphoid nodules characterized by areas of necrosis with fibrin and a moderate infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils were observed in the liver. In kidneys, discrete areas of necrosis associated with moderate multifocal infiltrates of lymphocytes, and plasma cells were observed. In the spleen, a moderate infiltrate of macrophages was noticed. Isolation of colonies suggestive of S. Pullorum from liver and spleen was performed in selective agars and, after biochemical tests, confirmed by specific duplex-PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolated strain revealed resistance to only sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim among the tested antimicrobials. The S. Pullorum isolate recovered in the present study was highly pathogenic to N. meleagris and may represent a risk to other avian species, including industrial poultry.

RESUMO: A pulorose é descrita mundialmente e é causada por Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica sorovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum). A infecção por S. Pullorum é importante em aves comerciais, provocando doença sistêmica com altas taxas de mortalidade. Sua ocorrência requer notificação e quando diagnosticada em aves de criação comercial resulta na erradicação do plantel. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um surto grave de pulorose em filhotes de galinhas-d’Angola (Numida meleagris), resultando em 100% de mortalidade das aves (n=290) nas primeiras duas semanas de idade. Os pintinhos recebidos tinham hepato, espleno e nefromegalia (5/5). Os tecidos dos cinco indivíduos recebidos foram submetidos a exame histológico e bacteriológico. Na histopatologia, foram observados nódulos paratifoides aleatórios caracterizados por áreas de necrose com fibrina e infiltrado moderado de macrófagos e heterófilos no fígado. Nos rins, foram observadas áreas discretas de necrose associadas a infiltrados multifocais moderados de linfócitos e plasmócitos. No baço, foi observado infiltrado moderado de macrófagos. O isolamento de colônias sugestivas de S. Pullorum de fígados e baços foi realizado em ágares seletivos e, após testes bioquímicos, confirmado por duplex-PCR específico. A susceptibilidade antimicrobiana da cepa isolada revelou resistência apenas ao sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim entre os antimicrobianos testados. O isolado de S. Pullorum recuperado no presente estudo foi altamente patogênico para N. meleagris e pode representar um risco para outras espécies de aves, incluindo aves industriais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7088

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