Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Joubert es una rara condición genética con una prevalencia de 1:80,000 a 1:100,000. En la mayoría de los casos se presenta con un patrón de herencia autosómica recesiva, aunque se han reporatdo casos ligados al cromosoma X y autosómicos dominantes. La característica distintiva de este síndrome es la malformación a nivel cerebral y del cerebelo conocido como el "signo del molar", hipotonía y retraso en el neurodesarrollo. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de un recién nacido con taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido; sin embargo, durante su estancia manifestó otros signos que no correspondían con el diagnóstico de ingreso, como bradicardia, apneas, hipotonía y alteración en la mecánica de la deglución. Para descartar etiologías de origen central, se realizó una resonancia magnética cerebral en la que se detectó el "signo del molar", patognomónico del síndrome de Joubert. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades genéticas raras pueden manifestarse desde el periodo neonatal con signos muy inespecíficos. El diagnóstico precoz del Síndrome de Joubert permite un mejor seguimiento pediátrico que impacta en su pronóstico y en la posibilidad de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente con un manejo multidisciplinario, así como brindar asesoramiento genético.

Abstract Background: Joubert syndrome is a rare genetic condition with a prevalence of 1:80,000–1:100,000. In most cases, it shows an autosomal autosomal recessive hereditary pattern, although X-linked and autosomal dominant cases have been described. The distinctive characteristic of this syndrome is the malformation at cerebral and cerebellar levels, known as the "molar tooth sign," hypotonia, and delayed neurodevelopment. Case report: We describe the case of a newborn with transient tachypnea. However, during hospital stay, he showed other clinical signs not corresponding to the admission diagnosis, such as bradycardia, apneas, hypotonia, and alteration in swallowing mechanics. To rule out etiologies of central origin, we conducted a magnetic resonance of the brain and identified the "molar tooth sign," where the pathognomonic sign of Joubert syndrome. Conclusions: Rare genetic diseases may manifest as early as the neonatal period with non-specific signs. The early diagnosis of Joubert syndrome is reflected in better pediatric follow-up, which impacts its prognosis and the possibility of improving the patient's quality of life with a multidisciplinary management and genetic counseling.

Resumen Introducción: El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una complicación reportada en la población adulta con COVID-19; sin embargo, en la población pediátrica, su descripción es limitada. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de un varón de 15 años con antecedente de obesidad y síndrome de Down que fue hospitalizado por neumonía COVID-19 severa. En el séptimo día de hospitalización presentó dolor torácico, hemoptisis, dificultad respiratoria y elevación del dímero D. En la angiotomografía pulmonar se encontró un extenso trombo en la arteria lobar inferior derecha. Recibió tratamiento con enoxaparina y rivaroxabán evolucionando favorablemente. La resolución al mes de tratamiento fue existosa, ya que el control tomográfico no evidenció más el trombo. Conclusiones: El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una complicación poco reportada en niños con neumonía COVID-19. El diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento anticoagulante es importante para evitar complicaciones mortales.

Abstract Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a complication reported in the adult population with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its documentation in the pediatric population is limiteda. Case report: We report the case of a 15-year-old male with obesity and Down syndrome who was admitted for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. On day 7 of admission, he presented with chest pain, hemoptysis, respiratory distress, and marked elevation of D-dimer. Pulmonary CT angiography found an extensive thrombus in the right lower lobar artery. He received treatment with enoxaparin and rivaroxaban and had a favorable clinical outcome. In the tomographic control 1 month after treatment, thrombus was not evidenced and was successfully resolved. Conclusions: There are few reports of PE in children with COVID-19. Prompt diagnosis and early anticoagulant treatment are important to avoid life-threatening complications.

Abstract: In this study, the capacity and ultimate behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) beams are evaluated. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA) and the inverse analysis technique were used to model its structural response using the ATENA finite element software. The smeared crack approach, the crack band model, and advanced constitutive models were used to reproduce concrete fracture. The analyzed beams were subjected to rupture in a four-point bending test setup. The relationship between the shear span and the depth of the beams was 1.5. Four scenarios were analyzed, RC beams with and without stirrups, and SFRC beams without stirrups with volumes of 0.57% and 0.76%. The results obtained in the modeling are discussed in terms of the ability of the models to numerically reproduce the relationships: load versus displacement, load versus strain, crack patterns, and failure modes. The analysis techniques allowed to reproduce the experimental response of the beams with good agreement. They show great potential to solve structural engineering problems.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to test the effect of three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D100, D200, and D300, respectively) on survival, growth (weight and total length), and condition factor of Microphis brachyurus. At the end of the six-week trial, there were no significant differences in the fish's survival, growth, and condition. The results suggest that this species presents high adaptability under culture conditions. A suboptimal stocking density generates a suboptimal use of infrastructure and decreases the production system's profitability. Based on the present study, a stocking density of 300 ind m-3 is recommended to increase the aquaculture infrastructure's profitability for ornamental or conservation purposes.

Resumen Se describe el caso de un varón de 75 años con tumoración submaxilar derecha de 5 meses de evolución sin diagnóstico etiológico, que consultó por episodios de síncope precedidos por disnea y sudoración profusa de instalación súbita. Durante su internación se detectaron, en el monitoreo electrocardiográ fico, pausas mayores a 3 segundos luego de la lateralización cervical reproduciendo los síntomas mencionados y asociadas a sensación de pérdida inminente de la conciencia, por lo que se implantó marcapasos transitorio. Se realizó biopsia de la masa tumoral cervical, consistente con linfoma B difuso de células grandes no centro germinal, y se inició quimioterapia. Luego de dicho tratamiento quimioterápico se observó reducción significativa de la masa tumoral con abolición de los síntomas asociados a las maniobras cervicales. El diagnóstico definitivo fue síndrome del seno carotídeo maligno asociado a linfoma cervical.

Abstract We present the case of a 75-year-old male with history of 5 months of right submaxillary tumor, with no clear etiology, who consulted for episodes of syncope preceded by dyspnea and sudden onset of profuse sweating. During his stay at the hospital, electrocardiographic records showed more than 3-second-long pauses after head movements, with a sensation of imminent loss of consciousness associated. A temporary pacemaker was required. Biopsy showed a diffuse non-germinal large B-cell B lymphoma, which required chemotherapy. After the first chemotherapy session, a significant reduction of the tumoral mass was observed, with abolition of the symptoms associated to cervical movements. The definitive diagnosis was malignant carotid sinus syndrome associated with cervical lymphoma.

RESUMO A compactação subsuperficial do solo e o estresse nutricional estão entre os principais fatores que limitam a produtividade dos cultivos agrícolas. A utilização de resíduos de origem florestal, como a cinza de madeira, é uma opção viável na recuperação química de solos, podendo proporcionar desenvolvimento radicular vigoroso em solos com compactação subsuperficial. Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se indicar a dose de cinza vegetal mais adequada com vistas ao manejo eficiente desse resíduo aplicado em culturas rotacionais cultivadas em solos com compactação subsuperficial. Plantas de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius), uma cultura de rotação com sistema radicular pivotante profundo, foram cultivadas em solo argiloso adubado com diferentes doses de cinza e com níveis de compactação induzida na camada subsuperficial. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, sob esquema fatorial 4 × 5, composto por quatro doses de cinza vegetal (8,0; 16,0; 24,0 e 32,0 g dm-3) e cinco níveis de densidade do solo (1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 kg dm-3), com quatro repetições. As variáveis de crescimento da cultura (altura de plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e índice de clorofila SPAD) foram avaliadas aos 15, 45 e 75 dias após a emergência. Os resultados indicaram que a compactação foi o fator mais limitante ao desenvolvimento vegetativo do cártamo, independentemente da dose de cinza. A interação entre os fatores dose de cinza de madeira e densidade do solo, quando presente, mostrou que a melhor resposta de crescimento ocorreu para a dose de cinza na ordem de 25 g dm-3 para uma densidade de 1,2 kg dm-3.

ABSTRACT Subsurface soil compaction and nutritional stress are among the main factors that limit the yield of crops. Using forest residues, such as wood ash, is a viable option in the chemical recovery of soils and can promote vigorous root development in soils with subsurface compaction. The objective of this study was to indicate the most adequate dose of wood ash for efficient management of this residue applied in rotational crops cultivated in soils with subsurface compaction. Safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius), a rotational crop with a deep taproot system, were grown in clay soil fertilized with different doses of ash and with induced levels of compaction in the subsurface layer. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, under a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, composed of four doses of wood ash (8.0, 16.0, 24.0, and 32.0 g dm-3) and five levels of soil bulk density (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 kg dm-3), with four replicates. Crop growth variables (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and SPAD chlorophyll index) were evaluated at 15, 45, and 75 days after emergence. The results indicated that soil compaction was the most limiting factor to the vegetative development of safflower, regardless of the ash dose. The interaction between the wood ash dose and bulk density, when present, showed that the best growth response occurred for ash dose of 25 g dm-3 for a soil bulk density of 1.2 kg dm-3.

Abstract We report on a functional Fabry-Perot mode interferometer and its application for absolute displacement sensing. The proposed device consists of two well-cleaved tips of standard optical fibers that were introduced into a microcapillary glass with an inner diameter of ∼ 125.5 um; one tip was stuck to the capillary by the application of an electric arc from a standard splice machine, while the other tip was free to be longitudinally moved. The transmission spectrum of the interferometric device exhibited an interferometric pattern due to the reflections of the fundamental mode on the two partial reflecting tip surfaces of the standard optical fibers. The period and the intensity level of the interference pattern depend strongly on the separation between the optical fiber tips caused by the displacement of the free optical fiber tip. This dependence allows for the use of either period or intensity changes for length displacement sensing interrogation. For the period interrogation, the length can be accurately calculated and measured by taking the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the detected interference pattern. For intensity interrogation, a simple photodetector can determine the distance that separates the optical fiber tips.

Abstract Introduction: Severe Dendroctonus spp. infestations are reported in North and Central America. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann are recognized as forest pests and are common in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. Objective: To model current and future (2015-2039) spatial distribution of risk of D. mexicanus and D. frontalis infestation in forests of Michoacán, Mexico. Materials and methods: Multicriteria evaluation techniques, including the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy membership functions, were combined with climate and biophysical variables to obtain forest infestation risk maps for D. mexicanus and D. frontalis under current and future climate scenarios. Results and discussion: Climate, fire, tree density and topography were identified as relevant criteria influencing bark beetle outbreaks. The maximum risk value estimated for D. mexicanus was 0.78 and 0.83 for the current and future scenarios, respectively; for D. frontalis these values correspond to 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. In terms of area, high risk of infestation by D. mexicanus increased from 3.9 % (current scenario) to 5.0 % (future scenario); for D. frontalis it decreased from 10.8 % to 9.6 %. The very high-risk value remained constant (0.35 %) for both species and scenarios. Conclusions: Forests of the Transversal Volcanic Belt (in the northeastern part of Michoacán) have the highest risk of bark beetle infestation in the two modeled scenarios.

Resumen Introducción: En Norteamérica y Centroamérica se reportan infestaciones fuertes por Dendroctonus spp. En México, Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins y Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann son reconocidos como plagas forestales y son comunes en el estado de Michoacán. Objetivo: Modelar la distribución espacial actual y futura (2015-2039) del riesgo de brotes de D. mexicanus y D. frontalis en los bosques del estado de Michoacán, México. Materiales y métodos: Se conjuntaron técnicas de evaluación multicriterio, incluyendo el proceso de análisis jerárquico y funciones de membresía borrosa, con variables climáticas y biofísicas para obtener mapas del riesgo de infestación de bosques por D. mexicanus y D. frontalis bajo los escenarios climáticos actual y futuro. Resultados y discusión: El clima, incendio, densidad arbórea y topografía se identificaron como criterios relevantes que inciden en los brotes de descortezadores. El valor máximo de riesgo estimado para D. mexicanus fue 0.78 y 0.83 para el escenario actual y futuro, respectivamente; para D. frontalis estos valores corresponden a 0.84 y 0.85, respectivamente. En términos de superficie, el riesgo alto de infestación por D. mexicanus incrementó de 3.9 % (escenario actual) a 5.0 % (futuro); para D. frontalis disminuyó de 10.8 % a 9.6 %. El valor de riesgo muy alto permaneció constante (0.35 %) para ambas especies y escenarios. Conclusiones: En los dos escenarios modelados, los bosques de la Faja Volcánica Transversal (en la parte noreste de Michoacán) presentan el mayor riesgo de infestación por descortezadores.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Cuantificar la asociación entre la prevalencia de control poblacional de la hipertensión arterial y la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica y accidente cerebrovascular en 36 países de la Región de las Américas entre 1990 y el 2019. Métodos. Este estudio ecológico emplea la prevalencia de la hipertensión, la concientización, el tratamiento y el control poblacional de la hipertensión producidos por la Colaboración sobre Factores de Riesgo de las Enfermedades No Transmisibles (NCD-RisC) y estimaciones de mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica y accidente cerebrovascular del Estudio sobre la Carga Mundial de Enfermedad del 2019. Se realizó un análisis de regresión para evaluar las tendencias temporales y la asociación entre el control poblacional de la hipertensión y la mortalidad. Resultados. Entre 1990 y el 2019, las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por edad a causa de cardiopatía isquémica y accidente cerebrovascular disminuyeron en 2,2% (intervalos de confianza de 95%: –2,4 a –2,1) y 1,8% (–1,9 a – 1,6) anual, respectivamente. La tasa de reducción anual de la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica y accidente cerebrovascular se redujo a –1% (–1,2 a –0,8) entre el 2000 y el 2019. Del 1990 al 2019, la prevalencia de hipertensión controlada para una presión arterial sistólica/diastólica de ≤140/90 mmHg aumentó anualmente en 3,2% (3,1 a 3,2). Se observó una relación inversa entre el control poblacional de la hipertensión y la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica y por accidente cerebrovascular, respectivamente, en toda la Región y en los 36 países, a excepción de tres. En toda la Región, por cada aumento de 1% en el control poblacional de la hipertensión, nuestros datos predijeron una reducción de 2,9% (–2,94 a –2,85) en las muertes por cardiopatía isquémica por 100 000 habitantes, equivalente a 25 639 muertes evitables (2,5 muertes por 100 000 habitantes) y de 2,37% (–2,41 a –2,33) en las muertes por accidente cerebrovascular por 100 000 habitantes, equivalente a 9 650 muertes evitables (una muerte por 100 000 habitantes). Conclusiones. Existe una sólida asociación ecológica negativa entre la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica y accidente cerebrovascular y el control poblacional de la hipertensión. Los países con mejor resultado en el control de la hipertensión mostraron un mayor progreso en la reducción de la mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular. Los modelos de predicción tienen implicaciones en el manejo de la hipertensión en la mayoría de los grupos poblacionales de la Región de las Américas y otras partes del mundo.

RESUMO Objetivo. Quantificar a associação entre a prevalência de controle populacional da hipertensão e mortalidade por doença cardíaca isquêmica (DCI) e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em 36 países das Américas, de 1990 a 2019. Métodos. Este estudo ecológico utilizou os dados de prevalência da hipertensão e prevalência da detecção, tratamento e controle populacional da hipertensão do estudo NCD-RisC, e de mortalidade por DCI e AVC do Estudo de Carga Global de Doença de 2019. Análise de regressão foi utilizada para avaliar as tendências no tempo e a associação entre controle populacional da hipertensão e mortalidade. Resultados. Entre 1990 e 2019, as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade devidas a DCI e AVC diminuíram anualmente 2,2% (intervalos de confiança de 95%: −2,4 a −2,1) e 1,8% (−1,9 a −1,6), respectivamente. A taxa anual de redução na mortalidade por DCI e AVC desacelerou para −1% (−1,2 a −0,8) durante o período de 2000-2019. De 1990 a 2019, a prevalência de hipertensão controlada com pressão arterial sistólica/diastólica ≤140/90 mmHg apresentou aumento anual de 3,2% (3,1 a 3,2). O controle populacional da hipertensão apresentou associação inversa com mortalidade por DCI e AVC, respectivamente, em toda a região, e em todos os 36 países, com a exceção de três. Em toda a região, para cada 1% de aumento no controle populacional da hipertensão, nossos dados previram uma redução de 2,9% (−2,94 a −2,85) nos óbitos por DCI por 100 000 habitantes, equivalente à prevenção de 25 639 óbitos (2,5 óbitos por 100 000 habitantes), e de 2,37% (−2,41 a −2,33) nos óbitos por AVC por 100 000 habitantes, equivalente à prevenção de 9 650 óbitos (1 óbito por 100 000 habitantes). Conclusão. Existe forte associação ecológica negativa entre mortalidade por DCI e AVC e controle populacional da hipertensão. Os países com o melhor desempenho no controle da hipertensão mostraram melhor progresso na redução da mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares. Os modelos de previsão têm implicações no controle da hipertensão na maioria das populações da Região das Américas e em outras partes do mundo.

ABSTRACT Objective. To quantify the association between the prevalence of population hypertension control and ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke mortality in 36 countries of the Americas from 1990 to 2019. Methods. This ecologic study uses the prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control from the NCD-RisC and IHD and stroke mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Regression analysis was used to assess time trends and the association between population hypertension control and mortality. Results. Between 1990 and 2019, age-standardized death rates due to IHD and stroke declined annually by 2.2% (95% confidence intervals: –2.4 to –2.1) and 1.8% (–1.9 to –1.6), respectively. The annual reduction rate in IHD and stroke mortality deaccelerated to –1% (–1.2 to –0.8) during 2000-2019. From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence of hypertension controlled to a systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≤140/90 mmHg increased by 3.2% (3.1 to 3.2) annually. Population hypertension control showed an inverse association with IHD and stroke mortality, respectively, regionwide and in all but 3 out of 36 countries. Regionwide, for every 1% increase in population hypertension control, our data predicted a reduction of 2.9% (–2.94 to –2.85) in IHD deaths per 100 000 population, equivalent to an averted 25 639 deaths (2.5 deaths per 100 000 population) and 2.37% (–2.41 to –2.33) in stroke deaths per 100 000 population, equivalent to an averted 9 650 deaths (1 death per 100 000 population). Conclusion. There is a strong ecological negative association between IHD and stroke mortality and population hypertension control. Countries with the best performance in hypertension control showed better progress in reducing CVD mortality. Prediction models have implications for hypertension management in most populations in the Region of the Americas and other parts of the world.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To characterize how physical activity and sedentary behavior have been measured in national health surveys in South American countries. Methods. An extensive search was made for national health surveys from all 12 South American countries through health websites, national statistical offices, and contact with researchers and policy-makers. The following eligibility criteria were used to select surveys: conducted in a South American country; used a nationally representative sample ≥ 18 years; coordinated by the public, private or mixed private–public sector; and assessed physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. Data were extracted on general information about the surveys, specific details about the physical activity and sedentary behavior assessment, and additional questions related to activity behavior. Results. In total, 36 surveys were included, two of which were multicountry surveys; all surveys assessed physical activity and 27 assessed sedentary behavior. Most surveys (23/36; 64%) were based on previously validated international questionnaires, but 13 (57%) of these deviated from the reference tools, introducing changes and adaptations. Sedentary behavior was assessed mostly through questions on screen time and/or daily sitting time in the same physical activity questionnaires. No survey used device-based measures to generate data on these behaviors. Conclusions. Differences between instruments used and modifications limit the comparability of data across countries. This highlights the importance of standardizing assessment within South America for physical activity and sedentary behavior sections in national surveys, with the broader aim of contributing to establishing a standardized strategy for the surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America.

RESUMO Objetivos. Caracterizar como a atividade física e o comportamento sedentário têm sido medidos em pesquisas nacionais de saúde em países sul-americanos. Métodos. Foi realizada uma busca extensa de pesquisas nacionais de saúde de todos os 12 países sul-americanos em sites de saúde e órgãos nacionais de estatística, e pelo contato com pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas. Foram usados os seguintes critérios de elegibilidade para selecionar as pesquisas: conduzida em um país sul-americano; que tenha usado uma amostra nacionalmente representativa ≥ 18 anos; coordenada pelo setor público, privado ou público-privado; e que tenha avaliado a atividade física e/ou o comportamento sedentário. Os dados extraídos eram sobre informações gerais das pesquisas, detalhes específicos sobre a avaliação da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário e questões adicionais relacionadas ao comportamento na atividade. Resultados. Ao todo, 36 pesquisas foram incluídas, duas das quais foram conduzidas em vários países. Todas as pesquisas avaliaram a atividade física e 27 avaliaram o comportamento sedentário. A maioria das pesquisas (23/36; 64%) baseou-se em questionários internacionais previamente validados e 13 (57%) delas se desviaram das ferramentas de referência, introduzindo mudanças e adaptações. O comportamento sedentário foi avaliado principalmente por meio de perguntas sobre tempo de tela e/ou tempo diário sentado nos mesmos questionários sobre atividade física. Nenhuma pesquisa utilizou medições realizadas por dispositivos para gerar dados sobre esses comportamentos. Conclusões. As diferenças entre os instrumentos usados e as modificações limitam a comparabilidade dos dados entre os países, o que destaca a importância de padronizar a avaliação na América do Sul para as seções de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em pesquisas nacionais, com o objetivo mais amplo de contribuir para o estabelecimento de uma estratégia padronizada para a vigilância da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário na América do Sul.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir cómo se han medido la actividad física y el sedentarismo en las encuestas nacionales de salud en los países de América del Sur. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una extensa búsqueda de encuestas nacionales de salud de los doce países sudamericanos en sitios web de salud, oficinas nacionales de estadística y mediante el contacto con investigadores y responsables de formular políticas. Para escoger las encuestas se emplearon los siguientes criterios de selección: realizada en un país sudamericano; muestra representativa a nivel nacional de ≥ 18 años; coordinada por el sector público, el sector privado o mixto público-privado; y evaluación de la actividad física o el sedentarismo. Se extrajeron datos como información general de las encuestas, detalles específicos de la evaluación de la actividad física y el sedentarismo, y otras preguntas relacionadas con la actividad física. Resultados. En total, se incluyeron 36 encuestas, dos de las cuales se realizaron en varios países. Todas las encuestas evaluaron la actividad física; 27, el sedentarismo. La mayoría de las encuestas (23/36; 64%) se basaron en cuestionarios internacionales anteriormente validados, de los cuales 13 (57%) se desviaron de las herramientas de referencia al tener cambios y adaptaciones. El sedentarismo se evaluó principalmente en los mismos cuestionarios de actividad física mediante preguntas sobre el tiempo invertido delante de pantallas o el tiempo diario sentado. Ninguna encuesta aplicó medidas basadas en dispositivos para obtener datos sobre estos comportamientos. Conclusiones. Las diferencias entre los instrumentos empleados y las modificaciones limitan la comparabilidad de los datos en todos los países. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de estandarizar la evaluación en América del Sur de las secciones dedicadas a la actividad física y al sedentarismo en las encuestas nacionales, con el objetivo general de contribuir a la creación de una estrategia estandarizada para la vigilancia de la actividad física y el sedentarismo en América del Sur.

Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.