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au:Martin, John

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Resumen: Consenso internacional para la nomenclatura y clasificación de la válvula aórtica bicúspide congénita y su aortopatía, con fines clínicos, quirúrgicos, intervencionistas y de investigación
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Michelena, Hector I. Corte, Alessandro della Evangelista, Arturo Maleszewski, Joseph J. Edwards, William D. Roman, Mary J. Devereux, Richard B. Fernández, Borja Asch, Federico M. Barker, Alex J. Sierra, Lilia M. Kerchove, Laurent de Fernandes, Susan M. Fedak, Paul W.M. Girdauskas, Evaldas Delgado, Victoria Abbara, Suhny Lansac, Emmanuel Prakash, Siddharth K. Bissell, Malenka M. Popescu, Bogdan A. Hope, Michael D. Sitges, Marta Thourani, Vinod H. Pibarot, Phillippe Chandrasekaran, Krishnaswamy Lancellotti, Patrizio Borger, Michael A. Forrest, John K. Webb, John Milewicz, Dianna M. Makkar, Raj Leon, Martin B. Sanders, Stephen P. Markl, Michael Ferrari, Victor A. Roberts, William C. Song, Jae-Kwan Blanke, Philipp White, Charles S. Siu, Samuel Svensson, Lars G. Braverman, Alan C. Bavaria, Joseph Sundt, Thoralf M. Khoury, Gebrine El Paulis, Ruggero de Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice Bax, Jeroen J. Otto, Catherine M. Schäfers, Hans-Joachim

Archivos de cardiología de México

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jun 2024, Volume 94 N. 2 Pages 219 - 239

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract This consensus of nomenclature and classification for congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy is evidence-based and intended for universal use by physicians (both pediatricians and adults), echocardiographers, advanced cardiovascular imaging specialists, interventional cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, pathologists, geneticists, and researchers spanning these areas of clinical and basic research. In addition, as long as new key and reference research is available, this international consensus may be subject to change based on evidence-based data1.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.24000002

HPBASA from inception to maturity
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Devar, John Smith, Martin

South African Journal of Surgery

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2024, Volume 62 N. 2 Pages 93 - 94

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36303/SAJS.00480

Election violence in Africa: Using John 1:1 'Eν ἀρχῇ' as a remedial solution
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Mwandayi, Canisius Mukole, Martin

Verbum et Ecclesia

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2024, Volume 45 N. 1 Pages 1 - 9

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Whilst the term 'elections' insinuates some democratic space within a given electorate, elections on the African continent have often displayed an opposite trajectory as they tend to thwart that democratic space. Many a time, they have been characterised by sharp divisions leading thus to violence and atrocities of every kind. It is a great concern for unity in our motherland, Africa, which generates interest in this article to proffer a roadmap that can help address challenges that threaten to swirl the continent into a state of constant chaos and locus known for manslaughter. Using a hermeneutic of identification or cultural hermeneutics whereby readers identify themselves with the biblical characters and culture, we make reference to John 1:1 ἐν ἀρχῇ, which speaks unity in the Godhead as our roadmap. The text shows that unity is one of the intrinsic values of the community born out of their ontological unity. In the same way, disciples of the community of God must be characterized by unity while they are still in the world. It is thus our argument that Africans in their interpersonal relationships, including their political interactions, need to mirror the oneness of the Trinity and not follow the dictates of their societies plagued by social classifications. INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: The issue of violence is by definition of multi-disciplinary interest. This contribution addresses the ever-recurring problem of election violence in Africa, which is also of significance within multiple disciplines including biblical studies, gender studies, political theology as well as even history

https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v45i1.2861

Examining the socio-economic variables and basic skills provision in navigating the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A case study of long-distance truck drivers in South Africa
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Mhandu, John Mafunda, Martin C. Batisai, Kezia

Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management

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2024, Volume 18 Pages 1 - 12

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of socio-economic variables influencing the provision of basic skills for navigating the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR OBJECTIVES: The study aims to describe the variables underpinning this study, using statistical analysis and quantitative measurement as displayed in Table 1. It also investigates the role of socio-economic variables, using a Chi-Square test and Multinomial Logistic Regression techniques, in the provision of basic skills for handling direct and indirect challenges of the 4IR. Further, it attempts to provide recommendations, based on research findings, on strategies for ensuring that long-distance truck drivers are well-equipped with the necessary skills for meeting the demands of the 4IR METHOD: The study utilised a quantitative research method. A multinomial regression model was used to describe long-distance truck driver data collected in South Africa. A total of 314 participants completed the questionnaire RESULTS: Results revealed that variables such as driver's education level, frequency of route usage, company type, and driver's work location are significant predictors in predicting whether a given truck driver possesses basic skills for handling the challenges of the 4IR. This finding holds significant practical implications, as it allows for targeted interventions and tailored strategies aimed at effectively addressing the identified predictors to encourage the desired response of having long-distance truck drivers equipped with essential 4IR skills CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding factors affecting long-distance truck drivers in getting basic 4IR skills essential for them to properly implement new technologies arising in the haulage trucking industry CONTRIBUTION: It documents the experiences of long-distance truck drivers in the face of newly emerging technologies in the transport industry

https://doi.org/10.4102/jtscm.v18i0.1024

ADVERBIAL MODIFICATION, FACTS, AND EVENTS: A PREDICATE MODIFIERS’ APPROACH
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MOTLOCH, MARTIN

Manuscrito

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2024, Volume 47 N. 3 elocation e-2024-0111-R1

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The logical formalization of sentences containing adverbial modification, e.g., “John walks slowly”, remains demanding. According to Bennett (1988, 2002), as facts are exemplifications of properties, they are abstract and not basic items in the universe, whereas events constitute a special subcategory of facts. The names of facts are complete, but the names of events are incomplete. This paper aims to provide an alternative logical formalization of facts and events, reflecting Bennett’s metaphysical and semantic insights better than his formalization based on Davidson (1967a, 1985) and Parsons (1990). After discussing Bennett’s theory, I will develop my logical formalization based on Clark’s (1970) predicate modifiers theories. Using the abstraction operator will allow different modifiers to have the same scope and simultaneously guarantee the unicity of the fact or event. There is no quantification over facts or events. The resulting formalization will have advantages in coping with verb dependent and nonstandard adverbs and allowing for easier conjunctive formalization. The semantic insight that the names of facts are complete describers, and the names of events are not will manifest in the distinct formalization of events. Multigrade predicates will enable further logical entailments. As a result, we get a formalization fitting into Bennett’s theory.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6045.2024.v47n3.mm

Probióticos: una mirada al mecanismo de acción y aplicaciones clínicas en Pediatría
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CAMACHO-CRUZ, JHON

; CASTAÑEDA-GUTIÉRREZ, LUZ DARY

; MONGUI-GUTIERREZ, DIANA

; MARTIN-RAMIREZ, ANDREA

; OROZCO, ANA MARÍA ESPINOSA

; CASTILLO CHIQUIZA, JUAN SEBASTIÁN

; VALENCIA HUERAS, LAURA

; CUESTA VALENCIA, JOHN FRANCISCO

; AVELLANEDA MARTÍNEZ, JUAN SEBASTIÁN

; GUTIÉRREZ BURGOS, CARLOS ANDRÉS

; MARTIN RAMÍREZ, PAULA ALEJANDRA

; RINCÓN GONZÁLEZ, CAMILA ANDREA

; ROMERO BERNAL, PAULL SEBASTIÁN

Revista Salud Uninorte

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dec 2022, Volume 38 N. 3 Pages 891 - 918

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos que brindan beneficios al huésped mediante diversos mecanismos de acción. Han sido fuente de estudio en diversas patologías pediátricas, mostrando algunos resultados prometedores. Objetivo: Elaborar una revisión de la literatura sobre los mecanismos de acción y la evidencia actual que tienen los probióticos sobre la salud infantil. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura con estrategia de búsqueda sistemática de la literatura con términos MESH acerca de los mecanismos de acción de los probióticos y su uso. Se incluyeron metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: Los probióticos son una nueva herramienta terapéutica usada para mejorar la salud infantil. Se ha encontrado efecto benéfico en diarrea, en enterocolitis necrosante con una disminución significativa de la mortalidad y se ha mostrado evidencia significativa en las horas de llanto en cólico del lactante. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios en otro tipo de enfermedades como estreñimiento y en algunos procesos alérgicos e inflamatorios. Los ensayos revisados ofrecen un panorama prometedor, pero la elección de un probiótico debe ser personalizado de acuerdo con la edad, enfermedad, cepa y dosis, dado que cada uno de ellos tiene múltiples mecanismos de acción que impactan de manera diferente en la eficacia clínica.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Prebiotics are living microorganisms that provide benefits to the host through various mechanisms of action. They have been a source of study in various pediatric pathologies showing some promising results. Objective: To prepare a review on the mechanisms of action and current evidence that prebiotics have on child health. Materials and methods: A narrative review of the literature was carried out with a systematic literature search strategy with MESH terms about the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their use. Meta-analyzes, systematic reviews, and randomized clinical trials were included. Results: Probiotics are a new therapeutic tool used to improve children's health. A beneficial effect has been found in diarrhea, in necrotizing enterocolitis with a significant decrease in mortality and significant evidence has been shown in the hours of crying in colic in infants. Conclusion: The trials reviewed offer a promising picture, but the choice of a probiotic must be customized according to the age, disease, bacterial strain and dose, since each one has different action mechanisms and clinical effectiveness. More studies are required in some allergic and inflammatory diseases.

https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.38.3.618.92

Gene Silencing Therapeutics in Cardiology: A Review Article
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Jay, Patrick Y.

; Maier, Martin A. Saltonstall, Laura Duarte, Lisa Antonino, Ilia Vest, John

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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oct 2022, Volume 35 N. 5 Pages 665 - 675

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Therapeutics that inhibit enzymes, receptors, ion channels, and cotransporters have long been the mainstay of cardiovascular medicine. Now, oligonucleotide therapeutics offer a modern variation on this paradigm of protein inhibition. Rather than target a protein, however, small interfering ribonucleic acids and antisense oligonucleotides target the messenger RNA (mRNA) from which a protein is translated. Endogenous, cellular mechanisms enable the oligonucleotides to bind a selected sequence on a target mRNA, leading to its degradation. The catalytic nature of the process confers an advantage over the stoichiometric binding of traditional small molecule therapeutics to their respective protein targets. Advances in nucleic acid chemistry and delivery have enabled development of oligonucleotide therapeutics against a wide range of diseases, including hyperlipidemias and hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. While most of these therapeutics were initially designed for rare diseases, recent clinical trials highlight the potential impact of oligonucleotides on more common forms of cardiovascular disease.

https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20200306

Identificación de riesgos obstétricos en tiempos de COVID-19 en un área comunitaria de salud, Ecuador
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Zerna-Bravo, Cruz Marisol

; Alvarado-Álvarez, Alexandra María

; Herrera-Rivera, John Aníbal

; Martin, Francisco Mena

Revista Información Científica

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jun 2022, Volume 101 N. 3 elocation e3847

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMEN Introducción: Entre los factores de riesgo que se asocian a complicaciones en el binomio madre-hijo se encuentran: antecedentes de trastornos hipertensivos, embarazo adolescente, consumo de drogas, historia obstétrica desfavorable con antecedentes de abortos u óbitos, enfermedades de transmisión sexual e infecciones del tracto urinario. Objetivo: Identificar el riesgo obstétrico en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19 en el área de salud ¨Bastión Popular¨, Guayaquil, Ecuador, en el periodo enero-junio de 2021. Método: Se realizó una investigación de campo, de tipo descriptiva-transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, que propició el análisis de las categorías del riesgo obstétrico registradas en historias clínicas de 117 gestantes, con firma de consentimiento informado para la obtención de los datos en dicha localidad a través de visitas domiciliarias. Fue empleada la escala o score de riesgo obstétrico. Resultados: Se alcanzó como resultado fundamental que el grupo etario de riesgo obstétrico de mayor frecuencia correspondió a las edades comprendidas entre 20 y 24 años y la principal categoría identificada fue el Alto riesgo. El riesgo obstétrico aumentó de manera proporcional cuando el periodo intergenésico se redujo. Conclusiones: Las mujeres jóvenes de 20 a 24 años son las que presentaron mayor riesgo obstétrico, además que el riesgo obstétrico, el cual se encuentra correlacionado con un mayor número de gestas, abortos, partos y cesáreas, por ello, es necesario proporcionarle información a la mujer sobre la gestación y sus complicaciones, para que sean capaces de identificar los factores de riesgos durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Risk factors associated with complications in the mother-child pair include: history of hypertensive disorders, adolescent pregnancy, drug use, unfavorable obstetric history with a background of miscarriages or abortions, sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract infections. Objective: To identify the obstetric risk in times of COVID-19 pandemic at the ¨Bastión Popular¨ health area, Guayaquil, Ecuador, from January to June 2021. Method: A descriptive-transversal field research was carried out, with a quantitative approach, which favored the analysis of the obstetric risk categories recorded in the medical history of 117 pregnant women, who signed an informed consent, for the collection of data through home visits, using the obstetric risk scale or score. Results: Outcomes assessment showed, as main result, that the most frequent obstetric risk group was the age group 20 to 24 and the high risk factor was the main category identified. Obstetric risk increased proportionally when the interpregnancy interval was reduce. Conclusions: Young women between 20 and 24 years of age are those who presented the highest obstetric risk, which is correlate with a higher number of gestations, abortions, deliveries and cesarean sections. Therefore, it is necessary to provide women with information about pregnancy and its complications, so that they are able to identify risk factors during pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium.

RESUMO Introdução: Entre os fatores de risco que estão associados às complicações no binômio mãe-filho estão: histórico de doenças hipertensivas, gravidez na adolescência, uso de drogas, histórico obstétrico desfavorável com histórico de abortos ou óbitos, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e infecções do trato urinário trato. Objetivo: Identificar o risco obstétrico em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19 na área de saúde "Bastión Popular", Guayaquil, Equador, no período janeiro-junho de 2021. Método: Foi realizada uma investigação de campo descritiva. com abordagem quantitativa, que levou à análise das categorias de risco obstétrico registradas nos prontuários de 117 gestantes, com consentimento informado assinado para obtenção dos dados na referida localidade por meio de visitas domiciliares. Foi utilizada a escala ou escore de risco obstétrico. Resultados: O principal resultado foi que a faixa etária de risco obstétrico mais frequente correspondeu às idades entre 20 e 24 anos e a principal categoria identificada foi Alto risco. O risco obstétrico aumentou proporcionalmente quando o período intergestacional foi reduzido. Conclusões: As mulheres jovens de 20 a 24 anos são as que apresentam maior risco obstétrico, além do risco obstétrico, que se correlaciona com maior número de gestações, abortos, partos e cesarianas, portanto, é necessário fornecer informações às mulheres sobre a gravidez e suas complicações, para que possam identificar os fatores de risco durante a gravidez, parto e puerpério.

Aflatoxin levels and prevalence of TP53 aflatoxin-mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas in Mexico
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Lino-Silva, Leonardo S Lajous, Martín Brochier, Marion Santiago-Ruiz, Luis Melchor-Ruan, Javier Xie, Yi Wang, Mingyi Wu, Dongjing Higson, Herbert Jones, Kristine Romero-Martínez, Martin Villalpando, Salvador Mohar, Alejandro Smith, Joshua W Alvarez, Christian S McGlynn, Katherine A Dean, Michael Groopman, John

Salud Pública de México

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feb 2022, Volume 64 N. 1 Pages 35 - 40

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la exposición a aflatoxina_B1 (AFB1) en el sur de México y la presencia de la mutación característica de AFB1 en tejido de carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) de pacientes de un centro oncológico. Material y métodos: Se estimó la prevalencia y distribución de AFB1 en una muestra representativa de 100 mujeres y hombres de Chiapas a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19. También se observó la presencia de la mutación característica de AFB1 en el codón 249 (R249S), y otras mutaciones relevantes del gen TP53 en bloques de tejido de CHC de 24 mujeres y 26 hombres estudiados en un centro de referencia nacional de oncología. Resultados: La prevalencia de AFB1 en las muestras de suero fue de 85.5% (IC95% 72.1-93.1) y la mediana de la concentración 0.117 pg/µL (IQR, 0.050-0.350). Se detectó TP53 R249S en tres de 50 casos de CHC (6.0%) y se observaron cuatro transversiones G>T potencialmente inducidas por AFB1. Conclusión: El presente análisis proporciona evidencia de que la AFB1 puede tener un papel relevante en la etiología del CHC en México.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in southern Mexico and the presence of the aflatoxin signature mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue from patients from a cancer referral center. Materials and methods: We estimated the prevalence and distribution of AFB1 in a representative sample of 100 women and men from Chiapas using the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018-19. We also examined the presence of the aflatoxin signature mutation in codon 249 (R249S), and other relevant mutations of the TP53 gene in HCC tissue blocks from 24 women and 26 men treated in a national cancer referral center. Results: The prevalence of AFB1 in serum samples was 85.5% (95%CI 72.1-93.1) and the median AFB1 was 0.117 pg/µL (IQR, 0.050-0.350). We detected TP53 R249S in three of the 50 HCCs (6.0%) and observed four other G>T transversions potentially induced by AFB1. Conclusion: Our analysis provides evidence that AFB1 may have a relevant role on HCC etiology in Mexico.

https://doi.org/10.21149/13189

10.

Parasitic fauna of the invasive house sparrow (Passer domesticus) from Ñuble region, Chile: an example of co-introduced parasites
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Oyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo

; Cárdenas, Guissel

; Fuente, María Carolina Silva-de la

; Martin, Nicolás

; Mironov, Sergey

; Cicchino, Armando Kinsella, John Mike Moreno, Lucila González-Acuña, Daniel

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 3 elocation e004221

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As espécies invasoras de vertebrados competem com espécies nativas no uso de recursos e transmitem patógenos. Contudo as consequências da co-introdução de parasitos permanecem pouco estudadas. O pardal (Passer domesticus) foi introduzido há um século no Chile, porém não existem dados sobre seus parasitos. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a fauna parasitária e avaliar se existem espécies co-introduzidas/co-invasivas compartilhadas com as espécies de aves nativas do Chile. Um total de 108 aves foram coletadas em diferentes localidades da região de Ñuble. Seis espécies de artrópodes parasitos foram coletadas de 23 (21,3%) aves. Quatro aves (3,7%) estavam parasitadas por duas espécies de helmintos. Quatro de um total de oito espécies de parasitos correspondem aos primeiros relatos para o Chile. Três artrópodes parasitos e o helminto Anonchotaenia globata são considerados parasitos co-introduzidos no país. Apenas A. globata possui potencial para ser considerada uma espécie co-invasiva, pois pode parasitar Passeriformes em geral. Pesquisas futuras devem investigar se os demais parasitos identificados neste estudo correspondem a espécies co-introduzidas ou co-invasoras e avaliar as possíveis consequências na saúde das aves nativas do país.

Abstract Invasive species impact native wildlife in several ways, as they compete for resources and may transmit their specific pathogens. However, the potential consequences of co-introduced parasites are not fully understood. While the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) was introduced in Chile about a century ago, no data are available regarding its parasites. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the parasitic fauna of this avian invader and to determine whether there are co-introduced/co-invasive parasites shared with native birds. One hundred and eight birds were collected from three different localities in the Ñuble region of Chile, and a complete parasitic necropsy was performed in the laboratory. Twenty-three (21.3%) were parasitized by six arthropod species and four (3.7%) were parasitized by two helminth species. Four out of eight taxa are reported for the first time in Chile; among them, three arthropod parasites and the tapeworm, Anonchotaenia globate, are considered as co-introduced parasites. Only A. globata is a potential co-invasive parasite given its low degree specificity in terms of its definitive hosts. Future research should examine whether additional co-introduced/co-invasive parasites have been brought by the house sparrow, and what their potential consequences might be on the health of native birds in Chile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021068 11 downloads

11.

Opportunities for the application of low-cost sensors in epidemiological studies to advance evidence of air pollution impacts on human health
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Wernecke, Bianca Wright, Caradee Y. Hey, Joshua Vande Piketh, Stuart Burger, Roelof Kunene, Zamantimande Panchal, Rikesh Millar, Danielle Oosthuizen, Dina N. Batini, Chiara John, Catherine Guyatt, Anna L. Packer, Richard J. Tobin, Martin D. Hansell, Anna Gulliver, John Cordell, Rebecca L. Micklesfield, Lisa K. Ramsay, Michele Gayenga, Jocelyn Xavier Gómez-Olivé, F. Ngobeni, Khanyisa Baloyi, Vukosi Language, Brigitte

Clean Air Journal

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2021, Volume 31 N. 1 Pages 1 - 4

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2021/31/1.11219 28 downloads

12.

Socio-economic factors associated with mental health disorders in Fort Portal, western Uganda
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Hawkins, Charlotte Bwanika, John M. Ibanda, Martin

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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2020, Volume 26 N. 1 Pages 1 - 8

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders, which are interlinked with social issues such as poverty and stigma, present a significant burden in Uganda. AIM: This article explores perceptions about and experiences of mental health disorders in western Uganda, particularly as they pertain to the socio-economic context. SETTING: The research was conducted in the mental health unit at the Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Kabarole District, Uganda. METHOD: This article is based on qualitative anthropological research conducted from January to March 2017, including 49 semi-structured interviews about ideas and determinants of mental health, with health workers, former mental health service users, their relatives and influential community members. RESULTS: Many interviewees felt that mental health disorders are an increasing problem in their community. Economic challenges, such as poverty, unemployment and financial stress, are seen as both a cause and a consequence of mental illness. Mental health challenges can be exacerbated by shortages in mental healthcare, which are shown to be complexly interrelated with stigma. CONCLUSION: This article provides an insight into mental health experiences in Fort Portal based on the perspectives of various interviewees. Further funding and research are recommended to inform contextually appropriate services.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1391 363 downloads

13.

New geographical records and key to the species of Eumerus Meigen, 1823 (Diptera, Syrphidae) introduced into the Americas and Hawaii
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Garcete-Barrett, Bolívar R.

; Morales, Mírian N.

; Hauser, Martin

; Smit, John T.

; González, Luis

; López, María Bernarda Ramírez De

; Arias, Osmar Adorno, Marcial Sormanti, Gerald Mereles, Adriana

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2020, Volume 64 N. 1 elocation e20190016

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Eumerus Meigen, 1823 is a very speciose genus of flower flies from the Eastern Hemisphere. Several reports of introduced species of this genus in the Americas have been recorded since early in the twentieth century, with a present list of six species recorded to date from the Americas and the US territory of Hawaii. In this paper we give new geographical records for the African-native species Eumerus obliquus (Fabricius, 1805), which reflect the expansion of this fly through Brazil and Paraguay along the last twenty years. At the same time, we report a second species from Paraguay, Eumerus aurifrons (Wiedemann, 1824), being this the first Western Hemisphere record for this Asian-native species. We finally provide an identification key to all of the species of Eumerus presently known from the Americas and Hawaii.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2019-0016 980 downloads

14.

Suppression of cardiomyocyte functions by β-CTX isolated from the Thai king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom via an alternative method
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Lertwanakarn, Tuchakorn

; Suntravat, Montamas

; Sanchez, Elda E.

; Boonhoh, Worakan

; Solaro, R. John

; Wolska, Beata M. Martin, Jody L. Tombe, Pieter P. de Tachampa, Kittipong

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2020, Volume 26 elocation e20200005

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Beta-cardiotoxin (β-CTX), the three-finger toxin isolated from king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom, possesses β-blocker activity as indicated by its negative chronotropy and its binding property to both β-1 and β-2 adrenergic receptors and has been proposed as a novel β-blocker candidate. Previously, β-CTX was isolated and purified by FPLC. Here, we present an alternative method to purify this toxin. In addition, we tested its cytotoxicity against different mammalian muscle cell types and determined the impact on cardiac function in isolated cardiac myocyte so as to provide insights into the pharmacological action of this protein. Methods: β-CTX was isolated from the crude venom of the Thai king cobra using reverse-phased and cation exchange HPLC. In vitro cellular viability MTT assays were performed on mouse myoblast (C2C12), rat smooth muscle (A7r5), and rat cardiac myoblast (H9c2) cells. Cell shortening and calcium transient dynamics were recorded on isolated rat cardiac myocytes over a range of β-CTX concentration. Results: Purified β-CTX was recovered from crude venom (0.53% w/w). MTT assays revealed 50% cytotoxicity on A7r5 cells at 9.41 ± 1.14 µM (n = 3), but no cytotoxicity on C2C12 and H9c2 cells up to 114.09 µM. β-CTX suppressed the extend of rat cardiac cell shortening in a dose-dependent manner; the half-maximal inhibition concentration was 95.97 ± 50.10 nM (n = 3). In addition, the rates of cell shortening and re-lengthening were decreased in β-CTX treated myocytes concomitant with a prolongation of the intracellular calcium transient decay, indicating depression of cardiac contractility secondary to altered cardiac calcium homeostasis. Conclusion: We present an alternative purification method for β-CTX from king cobra venom. We reveal cytotoxicity towards smooth muscle and depression of cardiac contractility by this protein. These data are useful to aid future development of pharmacological agents derived from β-CTX.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0005 737 downloads

15.

Updated analysis of irritable bowel syndrome: a review of the literature
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Coronel, Martin Artifon, Everson L. A Lata, John Tortoretto, Verônica Pádua Pinheiro Arataque, Tayrê Bastos Pimenta Amorin, Renato Vincenzi de Souza, Gabriela Buzetti Hourneaux de Moura, Bruna Furia Hourneaux de Moura, Diogo Turiani

Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú

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oct 2019, Volume 39 N. 4 Pages 355 - 361

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

El síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) es una patología crónica con desordenes de la interacción cerebro intestino, caracterizado por dolor abdominal localizado en cualquier parte del abdomen además de alteración del hábito intestinal como (constipación, diarrea o mixto), en ausencia de alguna enfermedad que pueda causar estos síntomas. Con los conceptos actualizados conforme en la última reunión de expertos en Roma 2016, nuestra meta es dar a conocer más sobre el síndrome del intestino irritable, mediante revisión de la literatura en cuanto a definición, clasificación, fisiopatología, aspectos clínicos, tratamiento, pronóstico y el futuro. El SII es una patología crónica, caracterizado por dolor abdominal, por lo menos 1 día por semana en los últimos 3 meses, asociado a la alteración del hábito intestinal. Con una clasificación basada en la alteración de los hábitos intestinales y además de constipación inducida por opioides o narcóticos, la etiología y fisiopatología no están bien explicadas ni se conocen bien hasta el momento. Los aspectos clínicos son basados en los criterios de Roma IV. Una buena relación médico-paciente es clave para tranquilizar las dudas del paciente sobre su enfermedad, lo que aumenta las posibilidades de adherencia al tratamiento individualizado de paciente a paciente dependiendo de las sintomatologías y signos que puedan manifestar en los que incluyen: asesoramiento dietético, apoyo psicológico, en algunos casos cambiar medicación, disminuir al mínimo la dosis del medicamento o suspender, según las necesidades del paciente como son los casos de los opiodes. El pronóstico todavía incierto, y un futuro prometedor para ilustrar nuevas definiciones, clasificaciones, fisiopatologías, aspectos clínicos, tratamientos posiblemente de acuerdo con el tipo de manifestación clínica de cada paciente.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic pathology with disorders of the bowel-brain interaction, characterized by abdominal pain localized anywhere in the abdomen as well as bowel habit alteration (constipation, diarrhea or mixed), in the absence of any disease that can cause these symptoms. With the updated concepts according to the latest meeting of experts in Rome 2016, our goal is to raise awareness about irritable bowel syndrome, by reviewing the literature regarding definition, classification, pathophysiology, clinical aspects, treatment, prognosis and the future. IBS is a chronic pathology, characterized by abdominal pain, at least 1 day per week in the last 3 months, associated with the alteration of the intestinal bowel habits. With a classification based on the alteration of intestinal bowel movements and in addition to constipation induced by opioids or narcotics, the etiology and pathophysiology are not well explained or well-known so far. The clinical aspects are based on the Rome IV criteria. A good doctor-patient relationship is key to reassuring the patient’s doubts about his illness, which increases the chances of adherence to individualized treatment from patient to patient depending on the sing and symptoms that may manifest in those that include: dietary advice, psychological support, in some cases pharmacological prescription, suspension of medications or change medications, minimize the dose of drugs or suspend, according to the needs of the patient as is the case of opioids. The prognosis is still uncertain, and a promising future to illustrate new definitions, classifications, pathophysiologies, clinical aspects and treatments according to the type of clinical manifestation of each patient.

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