PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits.METHODS:Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per cm column (0.18 mL). After intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random solution was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain.RESULTS: No histological lesions were found in the nervous tissue (roots and cord) or meninges in either group.CONCLUSION:The ketamine S (+) 5% unpreserved triggered no neurological or histological lesions in the spinal cord or meninges of rabbits.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that usually affects skin and nerves. Although it is usually well-controlled by multidrug therapy (MDT), the disease may be aggravated by acute inflammatory reaction episodes that cause permanent tissue damage particularly to peripheral nerves. Tuberculosis is predominantly a disease of the lungs; however, it may spread to other organs and cause an extrapulmonary infection. Both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries including Brazil, and cases of coinfection have been reported in the last decade. Nevertheless, simultaneous occurrence of perianal cutaneous tuberculosis and erythema nodosum leprosum is very rare, even in countries where both mycobacterial infections are endemic.

RESUMO O melanoma uveal é raro na infância. Relata-se um caso de melanoma da coróide em criança de 5 anos que se manifestou por baixa visão, olho vermelho e dor. Os exames ultrassonográfico e tomográfico mostraram tumor intraocular extenso e o exame histopatológico mostrou se tratar de melanoma do tipo epitelióide de pequenas células. São enfatizados os fatores prognósticos do melanoma coroidal e a raridade do melanoma uveal na criança.

SUMMARY The uveal melanoma is unusual in children. We described a child five years old with choroidal melanoma with occurred with low vision, red eye and ocular pain. The ultrassonographic an tomographic exams showed large intraocular tumor and in the histopathological analysis we founded epithelioid melanoma of small cells. Prognostic factors and the rarity of the uveal melanoma in the children were emphasised.

Com objetivo de estudar afrequência e etiologia das lesões do tubo digestivo na Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), foram analisadas retrospectivamente 45 necrópsias consecutivas de pacientes adultos portadores do vírus da AIDS. Lesões macroscópicas e cortes histológicos de amostras da boca à região anal foram estudados, sendo as lâminas coradas por HE, métodos histoquímicos ou imunohistoquímicos. Trinta e sete (82,3 %)pacientes apresentaram lesões no tubo digestivo. O local mais freqüente de lesões foi a boca (73,3%), seguido do cólon (55,5%). Lesões múltiplas foram identificadas em 17 (37,7%) casos. O diagnóstico mais prevalente foi infecção pelo citomegalovírus (35,7%) identificado predominantemente no cólon. Candidíasefoi mais freqüente na boca (26,6%) e infecção herpética no esôfago (8,8%). Verificou-se leucoplasiapilosa oral em 16 (35,5%) eneoplasias emsete (15,5%). Asneoplasias incluíram quatro sarcomas de Kaposi, dois Carcinomas intramucosos anais e um linfoma gástrico. Os dados do presente estudo confirmam a importância do trato gastrointestinal como sede de alterações patológicas relacionadas à AIDS.

This study was designed to evaluate restropectivefy the frequency and etiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) lesions in 45 consecutive necropsies of adult patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Gross descriptions and histological sections of the GI tract, from mouth to anus, were reviewed. The slides were H&E stained, and when necessary special stains and immunohistochemicalmethods were also employed. There were lesions in GI tract in 37(82.3%) patients; the mouth was the segment mostfrequently involved (73.3% of the cases), followed by the colon (55.5%). Multiple lesions occurred in 17 (37.7%) cases. Cytomegalovirus caused colonic lesions in 35.7% of the cases. Candidiasis was observed in 26.6% mainly in the mouth and herpes simplex (8.8%) was the important agent of esophageal lesions. Oral hairy leukoplasia associated with HPV was found in 16 (35.5%) cases. Neoplasia was diagnosed in 7 (15.5%) cases: four Kaposi's sarcoma, two anal intramucosal carcinomas and one gastric lymphoma. Our data confirm the high frequency and variety of GI tract alterations in AIDS.

RESUMO Analisamos secções histológicas dos fragmentos de saco lacrimal de 62 portadores de dacriocistite crônica e encontramos presença de oncócitos em 11,29% dos pacientes. A metaplasia oncocítica foi mais frequente em indivíduos acima dos 30 anos de idade e nos portadores da obstrução há mais de 1 ano.

SUMMARY Oncocytes were found in 11,29% of 62 pacients with chronic dacrocystitis. The oncocytic metaplasia was more frequent in patients over 30 years old and when the obstruction was present for more than 1 year.

RESUMO Relatamos 4 casos de carcinoma epidermóide conjuntival em pacientes jovens e tecemos considerações sobre o aspecto clínico, histopatológico e tratamento.

SUMMARY Four cases of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in young patients are reported. The clinical features, histopathological findings and treatment are discussed.