ABSTRACT Tomato genotypes ( Solanum spp.) have genetic variability of most desirable features, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, incompatibility of crosses of wild genotypes with domesticated tomatoes, or even between wild genotypes, hinders the breeding process. Thus, knowledge of the reproductive biology of genotypes and conditions is necessary to maximize the success of artificial crossings. This study evaluated the compatibility of self-pollination, intra- and interspecific controlled crosses, stigma receptivity, and pollen viability in tomato genotypes. We used two commercial genotypes S. lycopersicum (‘RVTM08’ and ‘Redenção’) and seven accessions of wild tomato genotypes (‘AF 26970’, ‘LA-1401’, ‘AF 19684’, ‘LA-1967’, ‘PI-127826’, ‘PI-134417’, and ‘LA-716’). We evaluated all crosses and their reciprocals, besides the self-pollinations. The variables evaluated were fruit index (FI), number of seeds per fruit (SN), and seed germination percentage (GP). Stigma receptivity and grains’ pollen viability index (PVI) were also assessed. The results showed that ‘LA-1967’ was self-incompatible, had a low PVI, and generated fruit without seeds in most crosses. As female parents, ‘RVTM08’, ‘Redenção’, ‘AF 26970’, ‘LA-1401’, and ‘AF 19684’ showed higher FI and SN. There was a wide diversity of reproductive characteristics between the genotypes and crosses that did not influence GP. Compatibility of crosses in tomatoes is determined by the female parent choice and can be affected by stigma receptivity and the PVI.

Resumo: O artigo trata da utilização do enfoque sistêmico na análise de questões relacionadas com os alimentos e a alimentação, iniciando com uma revisão de diversas acepções e usos das noções de sistema alimentar e cadeias agroalimentares. Propõe uma abordagem sistêmica e multiescalar com base na noção de sistemas alimentares descentralizados, buscando dar conta das complementaridades, conflitos e hibridismos resultantes da coexistência de sistemas alimentares distintos em termos de modos de produção e circulação, fluxos de bens e formação de hábitos alimentares. Atenção especial é dada às localidades e aos respectivos territórios como plano de análise. Referências empíricas são extraídas de duas pesquisas realizadas nas localidades de Juazeiro (BA) e Chapecó (SC).

Abstract: This article describes a systemic approach to analyzing issues related to food and eating, starting with a review of the different meanings and uses of the notions of food systems and agri-food chains. A systemic, multi-scale approach is developed to support the proposed notion of decentralized food systems in an attempt to account for the complementarities, conflicts, and hybridisms that result from the coexistence of distinct food systems in terms of modes of production and distribution, flows of goods, and the shaping of eating habits. Special attention is paid to localities and respective territories as analytical spheres, with the introduction of empirical evidence from two studies conducted in the Brazilian localities of Juazeiro (Bahia) and Chapecó (Santa Catarina).

Hirschman e a profanação do desenvolvimento épico na visão de um desenvolvimentista. O ensaio apresenta uma leitura da obra de Albert Hirschman "com o objetivo de destacar a sua abordagem diferenciada para o desenvolvimento econômico, enquanto explora as dimensões econômicas, sociais e políticas envolvidas na junção do crescimento econômico e da equidade social. Alguns conceitos e referências ganham importância neste esforço, como o possibilismo, racionalidades ocultas, crescimento desequilibrado, conflitos sociais, consequências não intencionais e soluções abertas. Países latino-americanos são a principal referência empírica, com preocupações específicas sobre a questão de alimentos envolvida em processos de desenvolvimento.

Hirschman and the desecration of epic development by a developmentalist. The essay presents a reading of Albert Hirschman' work aiming at highlighting his differentiated approach to economic development while exploring the economic, social and political dimensions involved in joining economic growth and social equity. Some concepts and references gain importance in this effort such as possibilism, hidden rationalities, unbalanced growth, social conflicts, unintended consequences and open solutions. Latin American countries are the main empirical reference, with specific concerns on the food question involved in development processes.

The paper addresses the relationships between the concepts of multifunctionality of agriculture and territory with the aim of discussing the implications and challenges of uniting the approaches of multi-functionality and territorial development. Its reasoning is based on the results of field research in eight areas or territories located in different regions of the country whose focus was to identify if territorial dynamics and collective projects in these areas take into account family farmers in their multiple functions and social heterogeneity.