The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean producers to obtain crop desiccation and to anticipate and uniformity at harvest. However, improper use of herbicides can to occasion problems in agronomic and physiologic characteristics of crop. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the glyphosate and paraquat herbicides as a desiccant for growing soybeans. The experiment was conducted in 2005/06 crop year, in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments were arranged in two factorial design, 3x3x5x2 and 3x2x5x2: two desiccants (glyphosate and paraquat) and control (without drying), three and two growth stages (R6, R7 and R8) and (R7 and R8) for varieties MSOY 6101 of superprecocious cycle, and MG / BR 46 (Conquista) of precocious cycle, respectively, five sampling times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after application) and two positions in the plants on the ground assessment (apex and base). Was evaluated for seed production, mass and water content of 100 seeds. Desiccants tested were effective in reducing the water content of seeds, without affecting productivity and mass of 100 seeds.

Los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat son utilizados por los productores de soja con el objetivo de desecar las plantas, anticipar y uniformizar la cosecha. Sin embargo, el uso indiscriminado de herbicidas puede causar problemas eventualmente en las características agronómicas y fisiológicas del cultivo. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la utilización de los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat como desecantes para el cultivo de la soja. El experimento fue llevado a cabo en el año agrícola 2005/06, en un delineamiento experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en dos esquemas factoriales, 3x3x5x2 y 3x2x5x2: dos desecantes (glifosato y paraquat) y un testigo (sin desecación), aplicación de los desecantes en tres y dos estadios fenológicos de las plantas (R6, R7 y R8) y (R7 y R8), para las variedades MSOY 6101 de ciclo superprecoz, y MG/BR 46 (Conquista) de ciclo precoz, respectivamente, cinco épocas de muestreo (2; 4; 6; 8 y 10 días después de la aplicación) y evaluación en dos posiciones en la planta (ápice y base). Fue evaluada la producción de semillas, masa y tenor de agua de 100 semillas. Los desecantes evaluados fueron eficientes en la reducción del tenor de agua de las semillas, sin afectar la productividad y la masa de 100 semillas.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes dessecantes aplicados em diferentes estádios reprodutivos na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em um esquema fatorial, sendo que para a cultivar MSOY 6101, de ciclo super precoce, utilizou-se 3x3x5x2, dois dessecantes (glifosato e paraquat) e uma testemunha (sem dessecação), três estádios fenológicos (R6, R7 e R8), cinco épocas de amostragem (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias após aplicação) e duas posições de avaliação na planta (ápice e base). Para a cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista) de ciclo precoce, utilizou-se 3x2x5x2, sendo nesse caso somente dois estádios fenológicos (R7 e R8). Diante dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o glifosato influencia negativamente a qualidade fisiológica de sementes, principalmente, quando avaliada por meio do teste de comprimento de raiz. O herbicida paraquat não altera a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. As sementes obtidas com aplicação de dessecantes no estádio R6 são de qualidade fisiológica inferior às obtidas com aplicação nos estádios R7 e R8.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccants on the physiological quality of soybean seeds when applied to different reproductive stages. The experiment was conducted in the 2005/06 crop season using a randomized block design of four repetitions and two varieties. For the very early maturing MSOY 6101 variety, a factorial 3x3x5x2 design was used, with two desiccant treatments (glyphosate and paraquat) and a control (no desiccation), applied at three growth stages (R6, R7 and R8), with five sampling times (2; 4; 6; 8 and 10 days after application) and two evaluation positions on the plant (apex and base). The early maturing MG/BR 46 (Conquista) cultivar was evaluated in a 3x2x5x2 design with treatments applied at only two growth stages (R7 and R8). The results showed that glyphosate adversely affected physiological seed quality, mainly for root length, whereas paraquat caused no apparent effect. The seeds from desiccant applications in the R6 stage showed a lower physiological quality compared to those obtained from applications in the R7 and R8 stages.