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Resumo A coruja-das-torres americana (Tyto furcata) vive em ambientes urbanos e se alimenta principalmente de pequenos roedores, sendo de grande importância no controle biológico de pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os hábitos alimentares, parentais e reprodutivos de um casal de corujas-das-torres americanas, naturalmente vivendo fora de uma residência na zona urbana do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Uma caixa de madeira foi instalada em uma parede externa da casa, monitorada por uma câmera de vídeo. Uma planilha foi criada para manter o controle das observações registradas. A fêmea pôs quatro ovos, e após período de incubação de 30-32 dias todos os ovos eclodiram, mas apenas dois filhotes sobreviveram após o canibalismo entre os filhotes. Inicialmente, o macho fornecia a comida aos filhotes e a fêmea permanecia no ninho cuidando da ninhada. Depois de cerca de um mês, a fêmea também começou a sair do ninho e voltar com a presa, que era oferecida aos filhotes, com o macho também continuando com esse comportamento. Os filhotes deixaram o ninho em setembro de 2017. Os dados obtidos mostram a existência de cooperação e divisão de tarefas entre corujas machos e fêmeas durante o período reprodutivo.

Abstract The American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) lives in urban, periurban and wild environments and feeds mainly on small rodents, meaning it has great importance in the biological control of pests. The aim of this work was to describe the reproductive, parental and eating habits of a pair of American barn owls naturally living outside a residence in the urban area of the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A wood box was installed on an outside wall of the home, monitored by a video camera. A spreadsheet was created to keep track of the observations recorded. The female laid four eggs, and after an incubation period of 30-32 days all the eggs hatched, but only two chicks survived after cannibalism among the chicks. Initially, the male provided the food to the chicks and the female remained in the nest caring for the brood. After approximately a month, the female also began to leave the nest and return with prey, which was offered to the chicks, with the male also continuing this behavior. The chicks left the nest in September, 2017. The data obtained show the existence of cooperation and division of tasks between male and female owls during the reproductive period.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.249169 82 downloads

Salinity-tolerant dwarf cashew rootstock has better ionic homeostasis and morphophysiological performance of seedlings
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Sousa, Valéria F. de O.

; Santos, Gisele L. dos

; Maia, Josemir M.

; Maia Júnior, Sebastião de O.

; Santos, João P. de O.

; Costa, José E.

; Silva, Anselmo F. da

; Dias, Thiago J.

; Ferreira-Silva, Sérgio L.

; Taniguchi, Carlos A. K.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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feb 2023, Volume 27 N. 2 Pages 92 - 100

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Considerando a relevância do cajueiro e a limitação imposta pelo estresse salino em regiões semiáridas, o uso de alternativas capazes de mitigar os efeitos deletérios em decorrência da salinidade são de grande importância ao setor produtivo. O uso de plantas enxertadas, principalmente com porta-enxertos de materiais tolerantes, influencia no acúmulo de íons tóxicos nas folhas das mudas enxertadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características morfofisiológicas e concentração foliar de Na+, K+, Ca+2 de combinações de copa e porta-enxerto de cajueiro anão precoce, contrastantes à salinidade. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, tendo os tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial de 4 × 3, correspondentes a quatro combinações de mudas enxertadas (auto-enxerto CCP 09/CCP 09, CCP 09/CCP 76, auto-enxerto CCP 76/CCP 76 e CCP 76/CCP 09) e a três concentrações de NaCl (0-controle, 50 e 100 mM L-1). Foram avaliados altura, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca, índice de tolerância e concentração foliar de Na+, K+ e Ca+2 após 30 dias da aplicação das concentrações de NaCl. A combinação copa/porta-enxerto CCP 76/09 apresentou tolerância à salinidade de 50 mM L-1, devido ao aumento da área foliar e número de folhas. A combinação copa/porta-enxerto CCP 76/09 foi mais adequada, pois manteve a concentração foliar de K+ e o menor concentração de Na+.

ABSTRACT Considering the cashew tree’s relevance and the limitations imposed by salinity stress in semi-arid regions, the use of alternatives capable of mitigating the harmful effects due to salinity is of great importance to the production sector. The use of grafted plants, especially with rootstock made of tolerant materials, influences the accumulation of toxic ions in leaves of grafted seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate morphophysiological characteristics and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 of combinations of scion and rootstock of early dwarf cashew, contrasting in terms of salinity tolerance. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replicates, in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four dwarf cashew scion/rootstock combinations (self-graft CCP 09, CCP 09/CCP 76, self-graft CCP 76, and CCP 76/CCP 09) and three NaCl concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mM L-1). Height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry matter, tolerance index and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 were evaluated after 30 days of application of NaCl concentrations. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 showed tolerance to 50 mM L-1, due to the increase of leaf area and number of leaves. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 was more suitable, as it kept the leaf K+ concentration and had the lowest Na+ concentration.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n2p92-100

Synthesis of TiO2/ZnO photoanodes on FTO conductive glass for photovoltaic applications
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Nunes, V. F.

; Lima, F. M.

; Teixeira, E. S.

; Maia Júnior, P. H. F.

; Almeida, A. F. L.

; Freire, F. N. A.

Cerâmica

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jan 2023, Volume 69 N. 389 Pages 79 - 86

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract For oxide semiconductors for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), titanium dioxide conjugated with zinc oxide thin films was synthesized and characterized. The UV (ultraviolet) spectrum characterization showed a peak of absorbance at around 355 nm, with a band gap of 3.25 eV and reflectance around 85%. Such characteristics allowed the fabrication of DSSCs with N719 dye, under simulated light of 100 mW/cm2. The highest efficiency of 1.17% was at 5% titanium dioxide and 4 h of dye immersion.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132023693893383

Association study between ceftriaxone and a synthetic amide against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Rosa, L. L. S.

; Andrade-Júnior, F. P.

; Cordeiro, L. V.

; Souza, H. D. S.

; Athayde-Filho, P. F.

; Gadelha, D. D. A.

; Melo, D. M.

; Silva, D. F.

; Alves, D. N.

; Sobreira, A. L. C.

; Ferreira, S. R. D.

; Teixeira, A. P. C.

; Farias, B. K. S.

; Firmino, R. G.

; Maia, A. K. H. L.

; Lima, E. O.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e274149

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria responsible for causing numerous nosocomial infections. The present research aimed to analyze the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa potential of 2-Chloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide (A8). The antibacterial potential of A8 was evaluated from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Association using the checkerboard method. MIC and MBC values were 512 µg/mL for all P. aeruginosa strains evaluated, demonstrating predominantly bactericidal activity. Furthermore, when A8 was associated with the drug ceftriaxone, pharmacological additivity and indifference were evidenced. In this sense, the synthetic amide was interesting, since it demonstrates the potential to become a possible candidate for an antimicrobial drug.

Resumo Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma bactéria Gram-negativa não fermentadora de lactose, responsável por causar inúmeras infecções nosocomiais. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o potencial anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa da molécula 2-Cloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrofenil)acetamida (A8). O potencial antibacteriano do A8 foi avaliado a partir da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) e Associação pelo método de checkboard. Os valores de CIM e CBM foram de 512 µg/mL para todas as cepas de P. aeruginosa avaliadas, demonstrando atividade predominantemente bactericida. Além disso, quando o A8 foi associado ao fármaco ceftriaxona, evidenciou-se aditividade e indiferença farmacológica. Nesse sentido, a amida sintética se mostrou interessante, pois demonstra potencial para se tornar um possível candidato a fármaco antimicrobiano.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274149

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23045

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

Study of electrophoretic deposition of ZnO photoanodes on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
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Nunes, V. F.

; Teixeira, E. S.

; Maia Júnior, P. H. F.

; Almeida, A. F. L.

; Freire, F. N. A.

Cerâmica

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mar 2022, Volume 68 N. 385 Pages 120 - 125

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Semiconductors, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), are used in different scientific fields, including energy. This study applied ZnO thin films on a photovoltaic cell, specifically a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). ZnO was used in solar cells due to its characteristics such as electronic mobility. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an efficient method to deposit thin films since it can be done at room temperature and its parameters can be easily controlled. ZnO thin films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, changing the tension parameter, and used in a DSSC, with different dye immersion times, between 7 and 24 h, to observe time effects on cell efficiency. For lower tension, 30 and 40 V, 7 h improved the cell efficiency, and at 50 V, 24 h favored the current density and efficiency. The highest efficiency was for the photoanode EPD deposited at 50 V, for 24 h dye immersion, at about 2.68%, and photocurrent of 13.55 mA/cm2.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132022683853219

Growth and physiology of ornamental sunflower under salinity in function of paclobutrazol application methods
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Guimarães, Rafaela F. B.

; Maia Júnior, Sebastião de O.

; Lima, Robson F. de

; Souza, Allesson R. de

; Andrade, Jailma R. de

; Nascimento, Ronaldo do

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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dec 2021, Volume 25 N. 12 Pages 853 - 861

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O girassol ornamental tem grande importância no setor de floricultura devido a cor e exuberância de suas flores. Porém, sua produção e qualidade das flores diminuem sob estresse salino, o qual pode ser atenuado com a aplicação de paclobutrazol. O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de aplicação de paclobutrazol em girassol ornamental ‘Sol Noturno’ irrigado com águas salobras. O delineamento experimental consistiu em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 × 3, correspondendo a cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,4; 1,9; 3,4; 4,9 e 6,4 dS m-1) e três métodos de aplicação de paclobutrazol (aplicação foliar, via solo e uma testemunha - sem paclobutrazol), com quatro repetições. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduziu as trocas gasosas, eficiência efetiva do fotossistema II, índice SPAD, altura de plantas e diâmetros do capítulo. A aplicação de paclobutrazol na folha e via solo aumentou a condutância estomática e a transpiração por 21,09 e 17,80%, respectivamente, em relação às plantas sem aplicação, enquanto a fotossíntese e eficiência instantânea de carboxilação aumentaram 28,33 e 31,18% via solo, e 14,40 e 16,12% via foliar, respectivamente. A aplicação de paclobutrazol, principalmente via solo, favoreceu as plantas de girassol ‘Sol Noturno’ sob estresse salino, aumentando o índice de clorofila SPAD e o diâmetro externo do capítulo, e mantendo o número de pétalas.

ABSTRACT The ornamental sunflower has great importance in the floriculture sector due to the color and vitality of its flowers. However, the production and quality of flowers decrease under salt stress, which can be mitigated with paclobutrazol application. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different application methods of paclobutrazol in ornamental sunflower ‘Sol Noturno’ irrigated with brackish waters. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.4; 1.9; 3.4; 4.9, and 6.4 dS m-1) and three paclobutrazol application methods (foliar application, via soil and a control treatment - without paclobutrazol), with four replicates. The increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced gas exchange, photosystem II photochemical efficiency, SPAD index, plant height, and chapter diameter. The paclobutrazol application via soil or foliar increased stomatal conductance and transpiration by 21.09 and 17.80%, respectively, in comparison to plants without application, whereas photosynthesis and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency increased by 28.33 and 31.18% via soil and 14.40 and 16.12% via foliar, respectively. The paclobutrazol application, mainly via soil, favored ‘Sol Noturno’ sunflower plants under salt stress, increasing chlorophyll SPAD index and external chapter diameter, and keeping the number of the petals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n12p853-861 139 downloads

INCORPORAÇÃO DE RODAMINA B EM MEMBRANA DE POLIAMIDA PELO MÉTODO DA ADSORÇÃO
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Sousa, Kalil Z. R. de

; Faria, Emerson H. de

; Marçal, Liziane

; Ciuffi, Katia J.

; Ricci, Emiliane G.

; Rocha, Lucas A.

; Nassar, Eduardo J.

; Silva, Jorge V. L.

; Oliveira, Marcelo F.

; Maia, Izaque A.

Química Nova

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feb 2021, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 154 - 160

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

We have incorporated rhodamine into polyamide membranes by additive manufacture selective laser sintering technology. Incorporation into 0.5 cm2 membranes was conducted at different pH values and constant temperature of 25 oC. The amounts of incorporated dye were determined by a calibration curve, and analyses showed rhodamine incorporation in the order of 10-6 mol L-1. The absorption spectra of the solutions and membranes after rhodamine incorporation showed maximum absorption at 553 nm and a shoulder at 522 nm, which indicated that a dimer was formed. Photoluminescence presented maximum emission at 575 nm for the sample incorporated with rhodamine in acid pH. The membranes that were treated with acid presented shorter adsorption time and demanded 180 min to reach equilibrium, whereas the non-treated membrane and the membranes that were treated with base required 1440 min to reach equilibrium. Polyamide membrane has proven to be an excellent material for the incorporation of dyes and compounds for application as luminescent sensors.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170670 134 downloads

Medical Interns and COVID-19: results of national research
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Carrascosa, Maria M. C.

; Campos, Tercio de

; Sampaio, Jéssica E.

; Souza, Rafaella R. F.

; Ribeiro, Vitória L.

; Maia, Maria L. N.

; Gama, Laura C. L.

; Severino, Mariana P.

; Semer, Nathan K.

; Rondon, Otávio

; Silva, Juliana B. M.

; Miyazi, Mariana

; Domingues, Samara R.

; Batalha, Nathália E. S.

; Martins, Delio E.

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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jun 2020, Volume 66 N. 6 Pages 812 - 817

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o impacto da Covid-19 durante o internato dos alunos de medicina em escolas públicas e particulares no Brasil, além de estimar a qualidade das medidas tomadas pelas respectivas universidades diante do agravo e da disponibilização de equipamento de proteção individual. MÉTODO Um estudo de análise quantitativa transversal, com caráter descritivo, foi realizado com 317 alunos cursando o internato médico durante o período de 31 de março de 2020 a 12 de abril de 2020. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário on-line com 20 perguntas pela ferramenta SurveyMonkey. Os internos do 4o ao 6o ano das faculdades de medicina do País foram incluídos no estudo de forma randômica ao receberem a pesquisa pelo aplicativo WhatsApp. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do Qui-quadrado, considerando p<0,05 como significante. RESULTADOS Quatro temas principais foram identificados na pesquisa: dados demográficos dos alunos; como as aulas e estágios do curso estão sendo ministrados; a utilização e facilidade de aquisição do equipamento de proteção individual e medos e perspectivas futuras dos estudantes. CONCLUSÕES O estudo mostrou que apesar de metade dos alunos continuarem tendo algum grau de conteúdo e, na maioria, estarem satisfeitos, ainda há muita dificuldade em se obter equipamento de proteção individual, o que impede que os alunos retornem com segurança aos seus campos de estágio, além de causar medo de contaminação e de continuar atendendo os pacientes.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ internships in public and private institutions in Brasil, in addition to estimating the quality of the measures taken by their respective Universities in the face of the problem and the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative analysis study carried out with 317 students undergoing medical internship from March 31, 2020, to April 12, 2020. The survey was conducted through an online questionnaire using the SurveyMonkey tool with 20 questions. Interns from the fourth to the sixth year of medical schools in the country were randomly included in the study through a survey sent by Whatsapp application. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square, considering p <0.05 as significant. RESULTS Four main topics were identified in the research: student demographic data; how classes and courses are being taught; the use and ease of access to personal protective equipment and the students’ fears and perspectives for the future. CONCLUSION The study clarified that although half of the students still have some degree of content and, in their majority, they are satisfied, there is still a lot of difficulty in obtaining personal protective equipment, which prevents students from returning safely to their internships.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.6.812 2594 downloads

10.

Multivariate diallel analysis by factor analysis for establish mega-traits
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NARDINO, MAICON

; BARROS, WILLIAN S.

; OLIVOTO, TIAGO

; CRUZ, COSME DAMIÃO

; SILVA, FABYANO F. E

; PELEGRIN, ALAN J. DE

; SOUZA, VELCI Q. DE

; CARVALHO, IVAN R.

; SZARESKI, VINICIUS J.

; OLIVEIRA, ANTONIO C. DE

; MAIA, LUCIANO C. DA

; KONFLANZ, VALMOR A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 elocation e20180874

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In plant breeding, the dialelic models univariate have aided the selection of parents for hybridization. Multivariate analyses allow combining and associating the multiple pieces of information of the genetic relationships between traits. Therefore, multivariate analyses might refine the discrimination and selection of the parents with greater potential to meet the goals of a plant breeding program. Here, we propose a method of multivariate analysis used for stablishing mega-traits (MTs) in diallel trials. The proposed model is applied in the evaluation of a multi-environment complete diallel trial with 90 F1’s of simple maize hybrids. From a set of 14 traits, we demonstrated how establishing and interpreting MTs with agronomic implication. The diallel analyzes based on mega-traits present an important evolution in statistical procedures since the selection is based on several traits. We believe that the proposed method fills an important gap of plant breeding. In our example, three MTs were established. The first, formed by plant stature-related traits, the second by tassel size-related traits, and the third by grain yield-related traits. Individual and joint diallel analysis using the established MTs allowed identifying the best hybrid combinations for achieving F1’s with lower plant stature, tassel size, and higher grain yield.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180874 914 downloads

11.

Sintomatologia depressiva pode alterar o estilo de vida de idosos: estudo transversal caso-controle
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Valadares, Felipe A.

; Cunha, Adriel L.

; Rica, Roberta L.

; Alonso, Angélica C.

; Ceschini, Fabio

; João, Gustavo Alegretti

; Pontes Junior, Francisco Luciano

; Maia, Adriano F.

; Barbosa, Welmo A.

; Gomes, Michelli Christian S. S.

; Bocalini, Danilo S.

Motricidade

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sep 2019, Volume 15 N. 2-3 Pages 52 - 60

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar a frequência de sintomas depressivos, relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e o estilo de vida na população frequentadora dos Centros de Convivência da Terceira Idade. A amostra foi composta por 75 idosas (> 60 anos), matriculadas e frequentadoras ativas (mínimo três dias semanais) do Centro de Convivência da Terceira Idade, do bairro Maria Ortiz, do Município de Vitória/ES. Após a aplicação do questionário de identificação da sintomatologia depressiva as idosas foram distribuídas em dois grupos: com (28 idosas) e sem (47 idosas) sintomas depressivos. Foram analisados o perfil sócio demográfico, parâmetros antropométricos e estilo de vida. Após a análise da Escala Geriátrica de Depressão, 28 (37%) idosas apresentaram (p<0,01) sintomas depressivos (8 ± 3 pontos) e 47 (63%) não apresentaram sintomas (2 ± 2 pontos). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05) entre os grupos entre os parâmetros antropométricos. Diferenças significativas (p<0,05) foram encontrados na classificação do estilo de vida, tendo maior prevalência do estilo regular (50%) no grupo sintomático em relação ao grupo assintomático, destacando 53% de muito bom. Foi encontrado correlação negativa (p<0,0001; r²:0,5779) entre os scores de sintomatologia depressiva e estilo de vida, indicando menor apresentação de sintomas com proporcional melhora no estilo de vida. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo sugerem que idosas com estilo de vida desfavorável apresentam maior sintomatologia depressiva.

It was our objective to evaluate the frequency of depressive symptoms, the relationship between sociodemographic variables and lifestyle in the population attending the Third Age Cohabitation Centers. The sample consisted of 75 elderly women (> 60 years old), enrolled and active members (minimum three days a week) of the Third Age Living Center in the Maria Ortiz neighborhood of the city of Vitória / ES. After applying the questionnaire to identify the depressive symptomatology, the elderly were divided into two groups: with (n: 28) and without (n: 47) depressive symptoms. The socio demographic profile, anthropometric and lifestyle parameters were analyzed. After the analysis of the geriatric depression scale, 28 (37%) elderly had depressive symptoms (8 ± 3 points) and 47 (63%) had no symptoms (2 ± 2 points). No statistical differences (p>0.05) were found between the groups among the anthropometric parameters. Significant differences (p <0.05) were found in the classification of lifestyle, with a higher prevalence of regular style (50%) in the symptomatic group in relation to the asymptomatic group, with 53% being very good. A negative correlation (p<0.0001; r²:0.5779) was found between the scores of depressive symptomatology and lifestyle, indicating a lower presentation of symptoms with proportional improvement in lifestyle. The results found in this study suggest that elderly women with an unfavorable lifestyle present greater depressive symptomatology.

https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.12873 849 downloads

12.

Herbivore, parasitoid and hyperparasitoid insects associated with fruits and seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae)
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Morales-Silva, T.

; Maia, L. F.

; Martins, A. L.

; Modesto-Zampieron, S. L.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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sep 2019, Volume 79 N. 3 Pages 369 - 376

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo inventariar os insetos herbívoros associados a frutos e sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae) e seus parasitoides primários e secundários. De seis amostras coletadas entre maio e outubro de 2013, obteve-se 210 frutos, dos quais emergiram 326 insetos pertencentes a seis ordens: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera e Psocoptera. Coleoptera (cinco famílias) foi representada pelos consumidores de sementes: Merobruchus bicoloripes Pic, Stator sp. Bridwell (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), Silvanidae sp. 1 e sp. 2, Scolytinae sp. (Curculionidae), Nitidulidae sp. e Cerambycidae sp. A última espécie também foi observada formando galerias no mesocarpo do fruto. Indivíduos imaturos de Lepidoptera também foram observados consumindo os frutos e sementes. Dos Hymenoptera (sete famílias), duas espécies foram associadas a Coleoptera, sendo Horismenus Walker sp. (Eulophidae) parasitoide de M. bicoloripes e Neoheterospilus falcatus (Marsh) (Braconidae) parasitoide de Scolytinae. Os parasitoides de Lepidoptera foram totalizados em quatro gêneros: Pseudophanerotoma Zetel e Chelonus Panzer (Braconidae), Orgilus Nees (Braconidae) e Goniozus Forster (Bethylidae). As interações para os parasitoides Bracon Fabricius (Braconidae), Pimplinae sp. (Ichneumonidae) e Perilampus Forster (Perilampidae) não foram confirmadas. Nós encontramos apenas um único representante de Diptera (Tachinidae) como parasitoide de Lepidoptera nesta rede trófica.

Abstract This study aimed to inventory the herbivore insects associated with Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae) fruits and seeds and their primary and secondary parasitoids. Six samples collected between May and October 2013 yielded 210 fruits, from which 326 insects of six orders emerged: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Psocoptera. Coleoptera (five families) was represented by the seed consumers Merobruchus bicoloripes Pic, Stator sp. Bridwell (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), two species of Silvanidae, one species of Scolytinae (Curculionidae), one species of Nitidulidae and one species of Cerambycidae. The cerambycid was also observed forming galleries on fruit mesocarp. Immature individuals of Lepidoptera were observed consuming the fruits and seeds. From the seven Hymenoptera families, only two species were associated with Coleoptera, being Horismenus Walker sp. (Eulophidae) as parasitoid of M. bicoloripes, and Neoheterospilus falcatus (Marsh) (Braconidae) as parasitoid of Scolytinae. The Lepidoptera parasitoids represented four genera: Pseudophanerotoma Zetel, Chelonus Panzer (Braconidae), Orgilus Nees (Braconidae) and Goniozus Forster (Bethylidae). The host associations for the reared parasitoids Bracon Fabricius (Braconidae), Pimplinae sp. (Ichneumonidae) and Perilampus Forster (Perilampidae) were not confirmed. We obtained a single representative of Diptera (Tachinidae) associated with Lepidoptera hosts in this food web.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.170105 1139 downloads

13.

Seasonal and Circadian Study of a Thymol/γ-Terpinene/p-Cymene Type Oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Its Antioxidant and Antifungal Effects
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Castro, Joaquim A. M. de

; Monteiro, Odair S.

; Coutinho, Denise F.

; Rodrigues, Antonia A. C.

; Silva, Joyce K. R. da

; Maia, José G. S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2019, Volume 30 N. 5 Pages 930 - 938

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Ocimum gratissimum oil is used for various medicinal, food and cosmetic applications due to its high chemical variability. Local businesses have considered the economic exploitation of this plant. A specimen sampled at São Luís, MA, Brazil, with thymol and derivatives oil, was subjected to seasonal and circadian study, and to antifungal and antioxidant assays. It was possible to observe that the weather conditions showed a direct influence on the oil yield and variation of its constituents, mainly oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons, with the predominance of thymol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene. Principal component analysis (PCA) was able to justify the oil chemical variability of the seasonal (70%) and circadian (86%) study. Oil displayed inhibition for the fungus Corynespora cassiicola at a concentration above 0.3 µL mL-1, and it showed a more significant activity by comparison to thymol. Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, the oil antioxidant activity was about 75% of thymol.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180237 812 downloads

14.

Comparative evaluation of the quality of Papanicolaou staining at different intervals of fixation times using 96% ethyl alcohol
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Quintana, Shirley Borges S.

; Carvalho, Fabiano L.

; Silva, Glória Regina F.

; Campos, Maria Beatriz T.

; Maia, Maria Conceição S.

; Araújo Júnior, Mario Lucio C.

; Quintana, Marcel S. B.

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial

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feb 2019, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 44 - 56

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Introdução: A fixação dos esfregaços citológicos consiste na imersão imediata em fixador adequado para preservar as características morfológicas celulares, sendo essencial para a análise microscópica e a interpretação diagnóstica. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência dos tempos de fixação nas características morfológicas e tintoriais de amostras fixadas em álcool etílico e coradas pelo método de Papanicolaou. Método: Realizou-se pesquisa experimental, quantitativa e qualitativa de 99 amostras de raspado da mucosa jugal de 33participantes, fixadas em álcool etílico 96% em três tempos diferentes. Grupo A: 15 minutos; grupo B: 30 minutos; grupo C: sete dias. A qualidade da coloração foi categorizada em ótima, boa, regular e ruim, com posterior recategorização em ótimo e não ótimo. Para verificar a associação entre os grupos e as categorias, realizou-se teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultado: Das 99 lâminas coradas, 19 foram desprezadas por acelularidade, restando 80 lâminas para serem analisadas. Destas, foram avaliadas 28 no grupo A, 26 no grupo B e 26 no grupo C. No grupo A, foi encontrada qualidade ótima - 60,7% (n = 17); boa - 28,6% (n = 8); regular - 10,7% (n = 3) e ruim - 0% (n = 0). No grupo B, ótima - 61,5% (n = 16); boa - 30,8% (n = 8); regular - 7,7% (n = 2); e ruim - 0% (n = 0). E no Grupo C, ótima - 92,3% (n = 24); boa - 7,7% (n = 2); regular - 0% (n = 0); e ruim - 0% (n = 0). Nos três grupos não houve representação na categoria ruim. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que há diferença significativa na qualidade da coloração (p = 0,01) de acordo com o tempo de fixação.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fixation of cytological smears consists of immediate immersion in appropriate fixative, in order to preserve cellular morphological characteristics, it is essential for the microscopic examination and diagnostic interpretation. Objective: To evaluate the influence of fixation times on the morphological and staining characteristics of samples fixed in ethanol and stained by the Papanicolaou method. Method: Experimental, quantitative and qualitative research was carried out on 99 samples of the jugal mucosa scrapings from 33 participants, fixed in 96% ethyl alcohol in three different times. Group A: 15 minutes; group B: 30 minutes; group C: seven days. The quality of staining was categorized in Optimal, Good, Regular and Poor, with subsequent recategorization at optimal and non-optimal. To verify the association among the groups and the categories, Fisher’s exact test was performed, with significance level of 0.05. Results: From the 99 stained slides, 19 were discarded due to acellularity, remaining 80 slides. From these, 28 in group A, 26 in group B and 26 in group C were evaluated. In Group A, optimal quality was found in 60.7% (n = 17), good in 28.6% (n = 8), regular in 10.7% (n = 3) and poor in 0% (n = 0). In group B optimal was found in 61.5% (n = 16), good in 30.8% (n = 8), regular in 7.7% (n = 2) and poor in 0% (n = 0). In group C, optimal was found in 92.3% (n = 24), good in 7.7% (n = 2), regular in 0% (n = 0) and poor in 0% (n = 0). In the three groups, there was no representation of the Poor category. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a significant difference in the staining quality (p-value = 0.01) according to the fixation time.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fijación de extensiones citológicas consiste en la inmersión inmediata en fijador adecuado para preservar la morfología celular, siendo esencial para el análisis microscópico y la interpretación diagnóstica. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los tiempos de fijación en las características morfológicasy de tinción de muestras fijadas con metanoly tenidas con el método de Papanicolaou. Método: Se realizó una investigación experimental, cuantitativa y cualitativa de 99 muestras de raspado de la mucosa yugal de 33 participantes, fijadas con etanol al 96% en tres tiempos distintos. Grupo A: 15 minutos; grupo B: 30 minutos; grupo C: 7 días. La calidad de la tinción fue categorizada en óptima, buena, regular y mala, con posterior reclasificación en óptima y no óptima. Para determinar la asociación entre los grupos y las categorias, se realizó la prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significación del 0,05. Resultado: De las 99 muestras tenidas, 19 fueron desechadas por acelularidad, quedando 80 para ser analizadas. De estas muestras, 28 fueron evaluadas en el grupo A, 26 en el grupo B y 26 en el grupo C. En el grupo A, hemos encontrado calidad óptima - 60,7% (n =17); buena - 28,6% (n = 8); regular -10,7% (n = 3) y mala - 0% (n = 0). En el grupo B, óptima - 61,5% (n = 16); buena - 30,8% (n = 8); regular - 7,7% (n = 2); y mala - 0% (n = 0). En el grupo C, óptima - 92,3% (n = 24); buena - 7,7% (n = 2); regular - 0% (n = 0) y mala - 0% (n = 0). En los tres grupos no hubo representación en la categoria mala. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que hay diferencia significativa en la calidad de la tinción (p = 0,01) de acuerdo con el tiempo de fijación.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20190006 6310 downloads

15.

Traditional knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the islands of the São Francisco river, Brazil and preliminary analysis of Rhaphiodon echinus (Lamiaceae)
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Pio, I. D. S. L.

; Lavor, A. L.

; Damasceno, C. M. D.

; Menezes, P. M. N.

; Silva, F. S.

; Maia, G. L. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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jan 2019, Volume 79 N. 1 Pages 87 - 99

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas nas ilhas do Massangano, Jatobá II e Rodeadouro, localizadas entre Petrolina-PE e Juazeiro-BA, no submédio do rio São Francisco e posterior investigação fitoquímica e farmacológica da espécie mais citada, conforme a indicação da comunidade. Realizaram-se visitas de observação nas ilhas e os dados etnobotânicos foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 informantes-chave. Calculou-se a Importância Relativa (IR), a Porcentagem Corrigida de Concordância quanto ao Uso Principal (CUPc) e o Valor de Uso (VU). Utilizaram-se as partes aéreas da espécie mais citada para obtenção do extrato etanólico bruto (EEB-Re), suas frações hexânica (HEX-Re), clorofórmica (CLO-Re) e acetato de etila (AE-Re); o produto liofilizado (LIO-Re) e o óleo essencial (OE-Re). A técnica de microdiluição foi usada para determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para microorganismos selecionados. A atividade espasmolítica foi avaliada em fragmentos isolados de útero de ratas Wistar pré-contraídos com KCl 60 mM. Foram relatadas 34 espécies, contidas em 22 famílias diferentes. A maioria das plantas era cultivada pelos moradores. Registraram-se 51 enfermidades diferentes, mas a principal indicação foi doenças parasitárias e infecciosas. A espécie Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer foi a mais citada, com principal indicação para tratar infecção do trato urinário e dismenorreia. O screening fitoquímico revelou prevalência de flavonoides, taninos, lignanas e saponinas em LIO-Re e AE-Re e compostos terpênicos em HEX-Re e CLO-Re. Os testes antibacterianos mostraram que AE-Re é mais atuante contra E. coli e S. aureus do que para P. aeruginosa. O EEB-Re tem efeito parcial contra bactérias gram-negativas e OE-Re possui moderada resposta para todos microorganismos testados. LIO-Re, EEB-Re e HEX-Re possuem atividade espasmolítica dependente da concentração, sem diferença significativa e sem relaxamento total. Este trabalho trouxe conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais pelos ribeirinhos do rio São Francisco e revela a importância de estudos mais aprofundados para a comprovação científica do uso popular da R. echinus.

Abstract This study aimed to carry out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of the Rodeadouro Island, Jatoba Island and Massangano Island, located in The Submedium São Francisco River Valley. Also phytochemicals and preliminary pharmacological tests were performed to species most cited by the community. Ethnobotanical data were collected through observation visits and semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants. We calculated the relative importance (RI), the percentage of agreement related to the main uses (cAMU) and use value (UV). The aerial parts of Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer were used to obtain the lyophilizate (LYO-Re), crude ethanol extract (CEE-Re) and their hexanic (HEX-Re), chloroform (CLO-Re) and ethyl acetate (EA-Re) fractions. The microdilution technique was used for determining Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selected microorganisms. Already the spasmolytic effect was evaluated in isolated uterus fragments of Wistar rats, pre contracted with KCl 60 mM. We found 34 species cited, belonging to 22 families. The most plants were grown by locals. There were 51 different diseases, but the main indication was infectious and parasitic diseases. The species R. echinus was the most reported and it was indicated for urinary tract infection and dysmenorrhea. The screening revealed a higher prevalence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans and saponins in LYO-Re and AE-Re. Already terpene compounds were more present in HEX-Re and CLO-Re. The RE-Re fraction stood out with strong effect against E. coli and S. aureus while CEE-Re has moderate effect against gram-negative bacteria. The evaluation of the spasmolytic activity showed that LYO-Re, CEE-Re and HEX-Re fractions have similar activity, with partial effect and concentration-dependent response. This work brought about knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the riparian of the São Francisco River. It also revealed the importance of other methodologies for scientific evidence for the popular use of R. echinus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.177447 2213 downloads

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