ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

BACKGROUND The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has become a major concern contributing to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. OBJECTIVES Here we describe the replacement of the Gamma variant of concern (VOC) with Delta in the western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS In this study, we analysed 540 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples determined by qualitative real-time RT-PCR selected in the state of Rondônia between June and December 2021. The positive cohort was sequenced through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and each sample was quantified using real-time RT-qPCR, the whole genome sequence was obtained, SARS-CoV-2 lineages were classified using the system Pango and the maximum likelihood (ML) method was used to conduct phylogenetic analyses. FINDINGS A total of 540 high-quality genomes were obtained, where the Delta VOC showed the highest prevalence making up 72%, with strain AY.43 being the most abundant, while the Gamma VOC was present in 28%, where the P.1 strain was the most frequent. In this study population, only 32.96% (178/540) had completed the vaccination schedule. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the presence of Gamma and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in RO. Furthermore, we observed the replacement of the Gamma VOC with the Delta VOC and its lineages.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o número de casos e o perfil das internações por varicela após a introdução da vacina quádrupla viral na rede pública. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo conduzido em hospital pediátrico referência em doenças infectocontagiosas na Região Sudeste do Brasil. Foram avaliados os casos com diagnóstico clínico de varicela, registrados em prontuário por médico pediatra, de janeiro de 2011 até junho de 2016. As internações foram classificadas em grupo pré-vacinal e grupo pós-vacinal, com base na data de introdução da vacina (setembro de 2013). Os grupos foram comparados em relação a: faixa etária, sexo, tempo de hospitalização, causas da internação, complicações hospitalares, tempo da internação em terapia intensiva e desfecho clínico. Resultados: Foram documentadas 830 internações, 543 no período pré-vacinal e 287 no pós-vacinal, ocorrendo redução de 47,1% nas internações (p<0,001). Em ambos os períodos, notou-se um perfil similar das internações, predominantemente: sexo masculino; faixa etária de um a cinco anos; por causas secundárias (principalmente infecções de pele); evoluindo com melhora clínica e alta hospitalar. Em relação ao número de óbitos, ocorreram seis no período pré-vacinal e dois no pós-vacinal. Conclusões: A manutenção do perfil das internações era esperada, visto que o trabalho não comparou crianças vacinadas com não vacinadas, e sim internações pré e pós-vacinais. Observou-se, em concordância com a literatura, queda substancial no número de internações por varicela.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the number of cases and the profile of hospitalizations from varicella after the introduction of the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella combination vaccine in the public health system. Methods: Retrospective study in an infectious diseases pediatric hospital of reference in Southeast Brazil. The cases with a clinical diagnosis of varicella, from January 2011 to June 2016, were assessed from pediatricians’ medical records. The hospitalizations were classified into a pre-vaccine group and post-vaccine group, based on the date the vaccine was introduced (September 2013). Both groups were compared by age, sex, time of hospitalization, reason for hospitalization, hospital complications, duration of intensive care, and clinical outcome. Results: A total of 830 hospitalizations were recorded; 543 in the pre-vaccine period and 287 in the post-vaccine period, a reduction of 47.1% (p<0.001). In both periods, a similar profile in the hospitalizations was noticed: majority male; aged between one to five years old; most complications due to secondary causes (mainly skin infections); main outcome was clinical improvement and discharge from the hospital. In the pre-vaccine period, six deaths were recorded and two were recorded in the post-vaccine period. Conclusions: The profile of the hospitalizations was expected to stay the same since this study did not compare vaccinated with unvaccinated children, but hospitalizations before and after the vaccine was introduced. In accordance with the medical literature, we found a significant fall in the number of hospitalizations from varicella.

Probiotic consumption promotes numerous health benefits. The aim of this study is 1) to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of kefir in a hypertension rat model caused by the administration of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, L-NAME, and 2) to evaluate the acute angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the soluble nonbacterial fraction (SNBF) of kefir. To develop the first aim, male rats were separated into three groups: control group (C) treated with 0.3 mL/100 g of milk; L-NAME group (LN) received 10 mg/kg of said inhibitor; and Kefir group (K) treated with 0.3 mL/100 g of kefir plus L-NAME (10 mg/kg of said inhibitor). The treatments were given by oral gavage twice a day for four weeks. For the second aim”instead additionally, male rats received angiotensin I (in bolus) in three doses (Ang I: 0.03, 3 and 300 µg/kg) and were separated into two groups: a) received captopril (30 mg/kg i.v.) and b)received SNBF of kefir (5 mL/kg i.v.). Blood pressure were evaluated before and after Ang I. After treatment, hemodynamic parameters were evaluated, heart weight was recorded, and body weight gain was calculated. SNBF of kefir did not decrease the blood pressure for L-NAMEtreated animals, and no changes were observed in the cardiac parameters. However, the SNBF of kefir demonstrated acute inhibition of ACE in vivo similar to that of captopril. Thus, our results suggest that kefir may improve human cardiovascular systems by using mechanisms independent of nitric oxide syntheses. Additionally, the renin angiotensin system is probably the most important system involved in kefir effect regarding hypertension.

ABSTRACT Objective to examine the mental health care provided by family health teams in primary health care and the practice of matrix support. Method in this qualitative, critical analytical study, data were collected from June to August 2011 by semi-structured interviews of 14 health personnel and seven relatives of family health clinic users. The data were analyzed and interpreted using the content analysis technique. Results access to mental health care in the Family Health Strategy was one aspect observed in this discussion, particularly the dialogue between the strategy and the psychosocial care center. Also stressed was the power of matrix support in producing mental health care. Conclusion it was concluded that matrix support is an important team capacity building strategy, which reinforces the premises of the psychiatric reform and provides users with more accessible health services.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar el cuidado en salud mental promovido por el equipo de salud de la familia en la atención básica y la práctica del apoyo matricial. Método investigación de naturaleza crítico-analítica con enfoque cualitativo. En la recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron 14 profesionales y siete familiares de usuarios de unidades de salud de la familia, en el período de junio a agosto de 2011. El análisis de contenido fue la técnica utilizada para el análisis y la interpretación de los datos. Resultados un aspecto observado en esta discusión fue el acceso al cuidado en salud mental en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF), poniendo en relieve el diálogo entre la ESF y el Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Se enfatizó también la potencia del apoyo matricial en la producción del cuidado en salud mental. Conclusión se concluye que el apoyo matricial es una importante estrategia de capacitación de los equipos, fortaleciendo los supuestos de la reforma psiquiátrica y proporcionando a los usuarios mayor accesibilidad a los servicios de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o cuidado em saúde mental promovido pela equipe de saúde da família na atenção básica e a prática do apoio matricial. Método pesquisa de natureza crítico analítica com abordagem qualitativa. Na coleta de dados foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 14 profissionais e sete familiares de usuários de unidades de saúde da família, no período de junho a agosto de 2011. A análise de conteúdo foi a técnica empregada na análise e interpretação dos dados. Resultados o acesso ao cuidado em saúde mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) foi um aspecto observado nesta discussão, com destaque para o diálogo entre a ESF e o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Enfatizou-se ainda a potência do apoio matricial na produção do cuidado em saúde mental. Conclusão conclui-se que o apoio matricial é uma importante estratégia de capacitação das equipes, fortalecendo os pressupostos da reforma psiquiátrica e proporcionando aos usuários maior acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde.

Resumo Alterações posturais e dor na coluna das crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar são influenciadas pela permanente posição sentada incorreta, uso inadequado do mobiliário e peso da mochila. O objetivo foi verificar as alterações posturais e dor no desempenho acadêmico de estudantes do ensino fundamental. Estudo transversal, com abordagem descritiva e analítica, cujos sujeitos foram 83 estudantes de 8 a 12 anos da Escola Municipal de Ensino Infantil e Fundamental Paulo Sarasate, Ceará, de março a junho/2008. No exame físico, utilizou-se ficha de avaliação baseada na Reeducação Postural Global, pelo método Souchard, com as variáveis: comprometimento da cadeia anterior, posterior, superior do ombro e dor e, no desempenho acadêmico, questionário semiestruturado com as variáveis: comportamento, assiduidade e rendimento. Os dados foram armazenados no programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 18.0. Na análise descritiva, usaram-se as frequências absolutas e relativas, e na análise inferencial, os testes: Mann-Whitney, para verificar a existência de diferenças significativas de alterações nos grupos A e B, ao nível de significância de 5%, e o teste estatístico "F", para comparar as alterações posturais e dor, nas três séries. Resultados: Percebeu-se que a maioria dos alunos apresentou alterações posturais, tais como anteriorização da cabeça, ombros enrolados, hipercifose dorsal e dor, cuja prevalência ocorreu na cadeia anterior. Essas alterações nos dois grupos foram estatisticamente significantes apenas naqueles com desempenho acadêmico de comportamento e rendimento satisfatórios da 5ª série. Concluiu-se que não ocorreu associação entre as alterações posturais e desempenho escolar, porém, este foi afetado pela dor.

Abstract Postural changes and pain in the spine of children and adolescents of school age are influenced by the permanent incorrect sitting position, misuse of furniture and weight of the backpack. The aim of this study was to verify postural changes and pain in the academic performance of elementary school students. It was a cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and analytical approach. The subjects were 83 elementary students, aged 8 to 12 years, of Kindergarten and Elementary Education at Paulo Sarasate Municipal School, Ceará. It was performed from March to June 2008. In the physical examination it was used an evaluation form, based on Global Postural reeducation, by Souchard method, which included the variables: compromised anterior, posterior, superior shoulder muscle chains and pain and, in academic performance, a semi-structured questionnaire with the variables: behavior, attendance and performance. The data was stored in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 18.0. In the descriptive analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used, and in the inferential analysis, the following tests were applied: Mann-Whitney, to verify the existence of significant differences in changes in groups A and B, at a significance level of 5%, and the F statistical test, for comparing postural changes and pain, in the three grades. Results: it was noted that the majority of the students presented postural changes, such as forward head, lifted shoulders, dorsal hyperkyphosis and pain, which predominantly occurred in the anterior chain, when compared with the posterior and superior chains. These changes in both groups were statistically significant only in subjects of the fifth grade with satisfactory academic performance and behavior. It was concluded that there was no association between postural changes and school performance, although it was influenced by pain.

RESUMO A antracnose é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita em bananas. O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, durante dez meses, a intensidade da antracnose e o efeito da lavagem e sanitização das frutas no controle da doença em pós-colheita de bananas. O experimento foi realizado de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014. As coletas dos frutos foram realizadas, mensalmente, em cinco propriedades comerciais localizadas nos municípios de Jaíba, Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, cultivadas com banana ‘Prata-Anã’. As pencas foram subdivididas em buquês de três frutos, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e submetidos aos tratamentos: frutos sem a realização da lavagem (testemunha); frutos lavados na propriedade; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2%; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguido de aplicação com fungicida Imazalil. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 épocas e os tratamentos repetidos cinco vezes. Calculou-se área abaixo da curva de progresso da intensidade (AACPI) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade (AACPS). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. A maior intensidade de antracnose em bananas no Norte de Minas ocorre nos meses de novembro de 2013 a março de 2014. A menor intensidade ocorre nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2013 e abril a junho de 2014. Nos meses de novembro a março, época de maior intensidade de doença, a lavagem dos frutos com detergente neutro e hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguida de aplicação do fungicida Imazalil é a técnica mais eficiente de controle. A lavagem dos frutos, apenas com detergente neutro pode favorecer o aparecimento de antracnose, pela degradação da cutícula.

ABSTRACT Anthracnose is one of the major post harvest diseases of bananas. The study aimed to evaluate for ten months the intensity of the anthracnose and the effect of washing and sanitizing of the fruits in the disease control on the post harvest of bananas. The experiment was conducted from September 2013 to June 2014. The samplings of the fruits were held monthly in five commercial properties located in the cities of Jaíba, Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha, cultivated with banana “Prata-Anã”. The bunch of bananas were subdivided into bouquets of three fruits, the experimental design was entirely randomized in factorial scheme and subjected to the treatments: fruits without the realization of the washing (control); fruits washed in the property; fruits washed in the laboratory with sodium hypochlorite at 2%; fruits washed in the laboratory with sodium hypochlorite followed by 2% Imazalil fungicide application. The evaluations were performed in 10 seasons, and the treatments replicated five times. It was calculated the area below the intensity progress curve (ABIPC) and the area below the severity progress curve (ABSPC).The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and average compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. The highest intensity of anthracnose on bananas in North of Minas Gerais occurred in the months of November 2013 to March 2014. The lower intensity occurred in the months of September and October 2013 and from April to June 2014. In the months from November to March, period of higher intensity of the disease, the washing of the fruits with neutral detergent and sodium hypochlorite at 2% followed by application of Imazalil fungicide is the most efficient control technique. Washing of fruit, only with neutral detergent may increase the incidence of anthracnose, a deterioration of the cuticle.

Objective: evaluate the inter-relations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dietary factors in a population of hypertensive elders. Methods: 229 hypertensive elder patients were evaluated, from June to December 2009. All the patients that accepted to participate in the study signed a free consent term. An anthropometric evaluation was carried out and the body composition was evaluated. The diagnosis of NAFLD was determined by the American guidelines. The regular food intake was estimated through a 24 hour questionnaire. Results: the weighted excess, by the body mass index and excess of abdominal fat, were associated with NAFLD (p < 0.001). An inverse profile was found with the diet variables. Conclusion: the studied group presents a health risk situation, considering the nutritional status markers. The regular diet appeared to be inadequate, showing excess of sodium and low fiber and vegetables intake.

Objetivo: evaluar las interrelaciones entre enfermedad grasa no alcohólica del hígado (HGNA) y factores dietéticos en una población de ancianos hipertensos. Métodos: 229 pacientes ancianos hipertensos fueron evaluados desde junio a diciembre del 2009. Todos los pacientes que aceptaron participar en el estudio firmaron un consentimiento libre e informado. Fueron realizadas evaluaciones antropométricas y de composición corporal. El diagnóstico de HGNA fue determinado por el American Guidelines. El consumo alimenticio regular fue estimado a través de una encuesta alimentaria de recordatorio de 24 horas. Resultados: el exceso de peso, ponderado por el índice de masa corporal y el exceso de grasa abdominal, fueron asociados con HGNA (p < 0,001). Un perfil inverso fue encontrado con las variables dietéticas. Conclusión: el grupo estudiado presentó una situación de riesgo para la salud, considerando los marcadores del estado nutricional. La dieta regular pareció ser inadecuada, mostrando exceso de sodio bajo consumo de fibras y vegetales.

Epidermólise bolhosa (EB) é um conjunto de afecções bolhosas, de caráter hereditário, com diferentes quadros clínicos e diferentes modos de transmissão genética. Os indivíduos evoluem com bolhas na pele e mucosas, que surgem espontaneamente ou após mínimos traumatismos. OBJETIVO: Descrever as manifestações otorrinolaringológicas, as complicações esofágicas relacionadas à EB e a experiência na conduta de pacientes com estenose esofágica decorrente da EB. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo de 60 pacientes com EB, atendidos de 1999 a 2006, no serviço de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital X, centro de referência para EB. RESULTADOS: Dos 60 pacientes com idade média de 14,5 anos, 28 (46,6%) eram mulheres e 32 (53,4%) homens. Oito (13,4%) tinham o diagnóstico de EB simples, 51 (85%) EB distrófica e um (1,6%) caso de EB adquirida. Lábios, boca, língua e pavilhão auricular foram os locais mais acometidos (32 pacientes - 53,3%). Disfagia foi encontrada em 28 pacientes (46,6%). Após dilatação do esôfago todos apresentaram remissão do sintoma. CONCLUSÃO: EB é uma doença rara e os pacientes devem ser encaminhados para tratamento em centros de referência. Portanto, é fundamental que os médicos envolvidos com os cuidados de pacientes com EB conheçam as condutas necessárias para melhorar a qualidade do tratamento sem prejuízos adicionais.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of skin diseases with different clinical manifestations and varied inheritance patterns. Blisters may appear spontaneously or following minimal trauma to the skin or mucosa. AIM: this paper aims to describe the otorhinolaryngological manifestations and esophageal complications related to EB, and the experience in treating patients with esophageal stenosis secondary to this disease. MATERIALS AND METHOD: this descriptive study enrolled 60 patients with EB seen from June 1999 to December 2006 at the Head and Neck Surgery Service of X Hospital, a reference center for EB. RESULTS: the patients' mean age was 14.5 years. Twenty-eight (46.6%) were females and 32 (53.4%) were males. Eight (13.4%) were diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex, while 51 (85%) had epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica; one (1.6%) patient had one acquired EB. Lips, mouth, tongue and ears were the most frequently involved sites (32 patients - 53.3%). Dysphagia was found in 28 patients (46.6%). After esophageal dilatation the symptoms subsided. CONCLUSION: EB is a rare disease and patients must be sent for treatment at reference centers. Physicians treating patients for EB must be aware of the measures required to improve the quality of the treatment provided without putting the patients in harm's way.

O isolamento e a identificação de antioxidantes naturais, extraídos de plantas, contribuem para a descoberta de novas fontes de compostos químicos. A alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum L.) é uma planta conhecida por seus aspectos medicinais e pelo uso na culinária. A atividade antioxidante do extrato bruto e do óleo essencial das folhas de alfavaca foi comprovada através do método do tiocianato férrico. A porcentagem de inibição da oxidação lipídica foi de 96,89% para o extrato bruto e de 92,44% para o óleo essencial, ambos na concentração de 0,02%. O extrato bruto foi purificado através da cromatografia em coluna com sílica-gel e fase móvel hexano:acetato de etila em diferentes proporções. Para a identificação, foram utilizadas análises espectrais (infravermelho, ressonância magnética de hidrogênio e carbono 13). A substância isolada foi o eugenol, que apresentou 86,56% de atividade antioxidante. Alguns constituintes do óleo essencial foram caracterizados por cromatografia de fase gasosa, sendo o eugenol o principal componente (53,90%). Desta forma, a alfavaca apresenta-se como uma nova fonte de eugenol e, conseqüentemente, de antioxidante natural.

The isolation and identification of natural antioxidants from plants contribute to the discovery of new sources of chemical compounds. Wild basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) is used as a herbal medicine and also as a culinary spice. The antioxidant activity of wild basil leaf crude extract and essential oil was confirmed by the ferric thiocyanate method. The crude extract showed 96.89% inhibition of lipid oxidation, while the essential oil showed 92.44% inhibition, both in a 0.02% concentration. The crude extract was purified by column chromatography using silica gel and different proportions of hexane:ethyl acetate as an eluant. The plant’s chemical compounds were identified by spectral analyses using NMR (hydrogen and 13C) and infrared spectroscopy. The isolated substance was eugenol, which presented antioxidant activity of 86.56%. Some of the constituents of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography, which showed eugenol as the main component (53.90%). It was concluded that wild basil is a new source of eugenol and, hence, of natural antioxidant.

Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a indução da Glutationa S-Transferase, com extratos de vegetais, e caracterizar os parâmetros cinéticos desta enzima. Foram obtidos os extratos aquoso, etanólico e hexanólico de vegetais, amplamente consumidos no Brasil, como berinjela (Solanum melongena L.), couve-flor (Brassica oleracea L.), couve (Brassica oleracea L.), brócolis (Brassica oleracea L.), couve-de-bruxelas (Brassicaoleraea L.), cebola (Allium cepa L.), alho (Allium sativum L.); vegetais que apresentam gosto amargo, como jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi), guariroba (Syagrus oleracea Becc.), mostarda (Brassica nigra L.), carqueja (Cacalia spp.), e de plantas relacionadas, na cultura popular, como curadoras de determinadas doenças, como a babosa (Aloe vera L.). A atividade da enzima foi determinada usando como substrato o 1 cloro 2, 4 dinitrobenzeno, na presença dos extratos vegetais. A mistura da reação, sem a presença do extrato, foi considerada controle. Das amostras de vegetais avaliadas, a berinjela, a couve e o brócolis apresentaram maior indução na atividade da GST, sendo o extrato etanólico o mais eficaz. A enzima apresentou um Vmax de 0,016 abs. min-1/unidade da enzima e um Km de 0,323mM. O baixo valor de Km encontrado indica uma alta especificidade da enzima pelo substrato 1 cloro 2, 4 dinitrobenzeno e a atividade máxima da enzima foi na faixa de pH entre 6,5 e 7,0.

This study was done to evaluate induction Glutathione S-Transferase, with vegetable extracts, and characterize its kinetics parameters. The aqueous, alcoholic, and hexanoic extracts were obtained from vegetables widely consumed in Brazil: eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.), cauli leaves (Brassica oleracea L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), Brussels sprout (Brassicaoleraea L.), onions (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.); and bitter tasting vegetable such as jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi), guariroba (Syagrus oleracea Becc.), black mustard (Brassica nigra L.), carqueja (Cacalia spp.) and plants popularly considered as medicinal for curing certain diseases such as aloe vera (Aloe vera L.). The enzyme activity was determined using 1 chloro 2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate, in the presence of vegetable extracts. The reaction mixture, without the extract served as control. Of the botanical samples evaluated, eggplant, cauli leaves and broccoli showed highest induction of GST activity, the most being the alcoholic extract. The enzyme showed a Vmax of 0.016 abs.min-1/unit of enzyme and a Km of 0.323mM. Low Km value indicates high specificity of the enzyme with CDNB substrate and the maximum enzyme activity was in the pH range of 6.5 to 7.0.

Foi estudada a variação dos valores "L", "a" e "b" do sistema de Hunter, dos teores de glucose, frutose e sacarose, e da concentração de quatro compostos voláteis (butirato de etila, caproato de etila, butirato de hexila e caproato de hexila) e furfural, em suco de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa) submetido à pasteurização (75ºC/60 s, 80ºC/41 s e 85ºC/27 s), durante o armazenamento a temperatura ambiente (25±5ºC) e refrigerada (5±1ºC) por 120 dias. Enquanto os teores de sacarose diminuíram, aqueles de glucose e frutose aumentaram significativamente. Os valores "L" e "b" apresentaram comportamento semelhante, com tendência a diminuir ao longo do tempo, inversamente ao valor "a". As concentrações dos compostos voláteis também diminuíram, exceto para o furfural. A pasteurização a 85ºC/27 s proporcionou as menores alterações nas características estudadas, enquanto aquela à 75ºC/60 s foi a mais prejudicial. O armazenamento sob refrigeração apresentou melhor tendência na manutenção das características.

Changes in Hunter L, a and b values, glucose, fructose and sucrose contents, concentration of four volatile compounds (ethyl butirate, ethyl caproate, hexyl butirate and hexyl caproate) and furfural, were studied in yellow passion fruit juice (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa) pasteurized at 75ºC/60s, 80ºC/41s or 85ºC/27s, during storage at room temperature (25±5ºC) and refrigeration (5±1ºC) for 120 days. While the sucrose content decreased, the glucose and fructose contents increased significantly over storage time. The Hunter L and b values behaved similarly, with a tendency to decrease over time, inversely to Hunter a value. Volatile compound concentrations also decreased over time, inversely to the furfural content. Pasteurization at 85ºC/27s resulted minimum changes in the studied passion fruit characteristics, while that at 75ºC/60s was the most harmful. Storage under refrigeration tended to keep the best quality characteristics of the juice.