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au:Machado, M.A.
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1.
Concomitant TP53 mutation in early-stage resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative approach in a genetically admixed Brazilian cohort
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Machado-Rugolo, J.
; Baldavira, C.M.
; Prieto, T.G.
; Olivieri, E.H.R.
; Fabro, A.T.
; Rainho, C.A.
; Castelli, E.C.
; Ribolla, P.E.M.
; Ab'Saber, A.M.
; Takagaki, T.
; Nagai, M.A.
; Capelozzi, V.L.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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TP53 mutations are frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have been associated with poor outcome. The prognostic and predictive relevance of EGFR/TP53 co-mutations in NSCLC is controversial. We analyzed lung tissue specimens from 70 patients with NSCLC using next-generation sequencing to determine EGFR and TP53 status and the association between these status with baseline patient and tumor characteristics, adjuvant treatments, relapse, and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after surgical resection. We found the EGFR mutation in 32.9% of patients (20% classical mutations and 12.9% uncommon mutations). TP53 missense mutations occurred in 25.7% and TP53/EGFR co-mutations occurred in 43.5% of patients. Stage after surgical resection was significantly associated with OS (P=0.028). We identified an association between progression-free survival and poor outcome in patients with distant metastases (P=0.007). We found a marginally significant difference in OS between genders (P=0.057) and between mutant and wild type TP53 (P=0.079). In univariate analysis, distant metastases (P=0.027), pathological stage (IIIA-IIIB vs I-II; P=0.028), and TP53 status (borderline significance between wild type and mutant; P=0.079) influenced OS. In multivariable analysis, a significant model for high risk of death and poor OS (P=0.029) selected patients in stage IIIA-IIIB, with relapse and distant metastases, non-responsive to platin-based chemotherapy and erlotinib, with tumors harboring EGFR uncommon mutations, with TP53 mutant, and with EGFR/TP53 co-mutations. Our study suggested that TP53 mutation tends to confer poor survival and a potentially negative predictive effect associated with a non-response to platinum-based chemotherapy and erlotinib in early-stage resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
2.
Clinical outcome of Brazilian patients with non-small cell lung cancer in early stage harboring rare mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor
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Machado-Rugolo, J.
; Baldavira, C.M.
; Prieto, T.G.
; Olivieri, E.H.R.
; Fabro, A.T.
; Rainho, C.A.
; Castelli, E.C.
; Ribolla, P.E.M.
; Ab'Saber, A.M.
; Takagaki, T.
; Nagai, M.A.
; Capelozzi, V.L.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
- Journal Metrics
The common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, such as the L858R point mutation in exon 21 and the in-frame deletional mutation in exon 19, have been definitively associated with response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). However, the clinical outcome and response to treatment for many other rarer mutations are still unclear. In this study, we report the results of Brazilian patients in stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection with minimal residual disease and EGFR mutations treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or EGFR-TKIs. The frequency of EGFR mutations was investigated in 70 cases of early stage NSCLC. Mutations in exons 18 and 20, uncommon mutations in exons 19 and 21, as well as in exons 3, 7, 14, 16, 22, 27, and 28, and/or the presence of different mutations in a single tumor (complex mutations) are considered rare. EGFR mutations were detected in 23 tumors (32.9%). Fourteen cases carried rare mutations and were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and two cases were treated with erlotinib. The clinical outcome is described case by case with references to the literature. Notably, we found two rare EGFR mutations and one of them with an unknown response to chemotherapy and/or EGFR-TKIs. We have provided complementary information concerning the clinical outcome and treatment of patients with early stage NSCLC for several rare EGFR mutations not previously or only rarely reported. Description of cases harboring rare mutations can support the decision-making process in this subset of patients.
3.
Development of tetra-primer ARMS-PCR protocol to genotype the prolactin receptor SNP 39136666 and assessment of this SNP in Brazilian locally adapted cattle breeds
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Faza, D.R.L.R.
; Pereira, H.P.
; Egito, A.A.
; Torres Júnior, R.A.A.
; Kim, E.S.
; Sonstegard, T.S.
; Martins, M.F.
; Panetto, J.C.C.
; Silva, M.V.G.B.
; Machado, M.A.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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RESUMO As raças taurinas de origem ibérica Limonero e Carora (Bos primigenius taurus) possuem o fenótipo de pelo curto, liso e com baixa densidade folicular, o que confere a esses animais maior tolerância térmica e melhor produtividade em regiões quentes. Diferentes mutações associadas a esse fenótipo foram descritas no gene do receptor de prolactina PRLR, localizado no cromossomo bovino BTA20. Uma mutação recentemente encontrada é a substituição do nucleotídeo C por T, SNP 39136666 (p. R497*), no exon 11, que gera um códon de parada e, consequentemente, uma menor isoforma desse receptor. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se um protocolo rápido e de baixo custo para detecção desse SNP, utilizando-se a técnica de tetra-primer ARMS-PCR. Assim, foi possível detectar essa mutação nas raças brasileiras de origem ibérica localmente adaptadas: Caracu, Crioulo Lageano, Mocho Nacional e Pantaneiro. O alelo T foi mais frequente na raça Caracu (80%), enquanto o alelo C foi mais frequente na raça Crioulo Lageano (84%). Essa simples metodologia pode ser usada para genotipar esse SNP e ajudar na aplicação dessas informações moleculares em programas de melhoramento focados na tolerância térmica em bovinos taurinos e seus mestiços.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12104
306 downloads
4.
Anatomic and histologic analysis of paca larynx (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766)
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Ruaro, M.A.
; Machado, M.R.F.
; Garcia, D.O.
; Oliveira, A.R.
; Dias, F.G.G.
; Gomes, S.P.
; Leal, L.M.
; Sasahara, T.H.C.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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RESUMO A paca (Cuniculus paca) tem encorajado inúmeras pesquisas, tornando-a modelo experimental tanto em humanos como na veterinária, além da exploração econômica de seus cortes cárneos, que favoreceu diretamente sua importância zootécnica. Não há descrições anatômicas, microscópicas e mensurações da laringe desse roedor. Foram dissecadas oito laringes de pacas, provenientes do setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Universidade Estadual Paulista. Observou-se que a laringe localiza-se na região ventral do pescoço, ventral ao esôfago, conectando a faringe à traqueia, possuindo formato cilíndrico e irregular. As cartilagens laríngeas (epiglote, tireóide, cricóide e aritenóidea) são interligadas e possuem formatos variados. A cartilagem tireóide demonstrou-se maior em comprimento e largura, comparativamente às demais. As cartilagens laríngeas foram submetidas a processamento histológico e coradas em hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Masson. A cartilagem epiglote foi corada em azul de toluidina. As cartilagens laríngeas tireóide, cricóide e a porção inferior das aritenóides são de origem hialina; em contrapartida, a epiglote e a porção superior das aritenóides, de origem elástica. Esta última cartilagem demonstrou corpúsculos gustativos. Os resultados poderão auxiliar tanto nos atendimentos veterinários quanto nos programas de conservação desse roedor.
ABSTRACT Paca (Cuniculus paca) has encouraged research as an experimental model both in the human medicine and veterinary, as well as the economic exploitation of its meat cuts, which favored its zootechnical use. There are no anatomical, microscopic descriptions and measurements of the larynx in this rodent. Eight pacas were dissected from the wild animal’s sector of the Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the University of the State of São Paulo. The larynx was observed located in the ventral region of the neck, ventral to the esophagus, connecting the pharynx to the trachea, with cylindrical and irregular shape. Laryngeal cartilages (epiglottic, thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid) are interconnected and have different shapes. Thyroid showed greater length and width, compared to the others. Laryngeal cartilages were submitted to histological processing and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The epiglottic cartilage was stained with toluidine blue. Laryngeal cartilages thyroid, cricoid and the lower portion of the arytenoids are of hyaline origin and, in contrast, the epiglottis and the upper portion of the arytenoids are elastic. This latter cartilage demonstrated taste buds. The results will be able to auxiliate in veterinary care and as well as the conservation programs for this rodent.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12156
562 downloads
5.
Epicarditis in a cat caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus: case report
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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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RESUMO A Peritonite Infecciosa Felina (PIF) é uma doença progressiva e fatal de felinos domésticos e selvagens, causada pelo vírus da Peritonite Infecciosa Felina (FIPV). A doença é caracterizada por uma reação imunomediada contra o vírus em vários órgãos. Este trabalho descreveu um relato de caso de epicardite fibrinosa causada pelo FPIV. Um gato macho, com três anos de idade, veio a óbito e foi recebido para necropsia. Macroscopicamente, foi observado exsudato fibrinoso esbranquiçado, friável, multifocal, medindo até 2 centímetros de espessura, no epicárdio, principalmente no ápice cardíaco. Microscopicamente, foi observado no epicárdio um infiltrado inflamatório misto, multifocal, composto por macrófagos, plasmócitos e linfócitos, associado a deposição de fibrina. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva para o FIPV nas áreas de inflamação no epicárdio. Os autores descrevem o segundo relato de caso na literatura científica de epicardite causada pelo FIPV em um gato. Portanto, a epicardite deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial em doenças cardíacas em Medicina Felina.
ABSTRACT Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive and fatal disease in domestic and wild cats, caused by Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV). The disease is characterized by an immunomediated reaction against the virus in various organs. This work described a case report of fibrinous epicarditis caused by FIPV. A male cat, three years old, died and was received to be necropsied. Grossly, soft, multifocal to coalescing, whitish fibrinous exudate, measuring up the 2 centimeters of thickness, was observed in the epicardium, mostly at the apex of the heart. Microscopically, severe, multifocal to coalescing inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the epicardium, composed mainly by macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes, associated with fibrin deposition. Immunohistochemistry was performed for FIPV and was positive in the areas of inflammation in the epicardium. To the author´s knowledge, this is the second report of epicarditis due to FIPV in a cat. Therefore, epicarditis should be considered a differential diagnosis of cardiac diseases in Feline Medicine.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11359
1562 downloads
6.
Quantificação do DNA e genotipagem de biópsias de embriões bovinos Gir e Girolando produzidos in vitro
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Martins, J.M.C.L.
; Camargo, L.S.A.
; Silva, M.V.B.
; Machado, M.A.
; Reis, D.R.L.
; Quintão, C.C.R.
; Nogueira, L.A.G.
; Oliveira, C.S.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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RESUMO A biópsia embrionária associada à genotipagem permite a obtenção de informações genômicas antes mesmo da transferência dos embriões. Neste estudo, foram avaliadas amostras biopsiadas de blastocistos bovinos transferidos para receptoras (n=47), sob a hipótese de que a raça (Gir ou Girolando), o estádio embrionário (blastocisto ou blastocisto expandido) e a competência para estabelecimento de prenhez (positiva ou negativa) afetariam a quantidade e a qualidade do DNA da amostra obtida. O DNA foi extraído, amplificado, quantificado por eletroferograma e genotipado. O parâmetro call rate (CR) foi adotado para mensurar a qualidade da genotipagem. Obteve-se concentração de DNA de 86,07±171,66ng/µL e CR 0,73±0,17. O CR não variou em função da quantidade de DNA nas amostras. As variáveis raça e estádio embrionário não influenciaram a concentração de DNA, nem o CR. Houve efeito da prenhez sobre o CR (P=0,0187), mas, como houve maior CR nas amostras provenientes do grupo prenhez negativa, não foi possível associar esse parâmetro à qualidade embrionária. Concluiu-se que a raça e a qualidade embrionária não afetam os parâmetros aqui estudados em amostras embrionárias, ou seja, embriões com maiores chances de implantação não refletem alta qualidade nas amostras de biópsia genotipadas.
ABSTRACT Embryo biopsy associated with genotyping allows genomic information before embryo transfer. In this study, blastocyst biopsy samples from embryos transferred to recipients (n= 47) were evaluated, under the hypothesis that breed (Gyr or Girolando), embryonic stage (blastocyst or expanded blastocyst) and competence to establish pregnancy (positive or negative) would affect the quantity and DNA quality of samples. DNA was extracted, amplified, quantified by electropherogram and genotyped. The parameter call rate (CR) was used to measure the quality of genotyping. DNA concentration of 86.07±171.66ng/μl, and CR 0.73±0.17 was obtained. CR did not vary according to the amount of DNA in the samples. The variables breed and embryonic stage had no influence on DNA concentration or CR. There was pregnancy effect on the CR (P= 0.0187), but since there was a higher CR in the samples from the negative pregnancy group, it was not possible to associate this parameter with the embryonic quality. We conclude that the breed and embryo quality do not affect the evaluated parameters in embryonic samples. Embryos with higher chances of implantation do not reflect high quality in embryo biopsy genotyped samples.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10642
975 downloads
7.
IL-22 increases the production of sFRP3 by FLS in inflammatory joint diseases
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Resende, G.G.
; Machado, C.R.L.
; Rocha, M.A.
; Macedo, R.B.V.
; Bueno Filho, J.S.S.
; Kakehasi, A.M.
; Andrade, M.V.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are inflammatory diseases with different bone remodeling patterns. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are cells involved in the transition from an acute and reparable phase to a chronic and persistent stage in these diseases. The distinction of joint phenotypes involves inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-22 directly or through key signaling pathways such as Wnt. To evaluate the role of FLS as the source of Wnt antagonists (sFRP3/FRZB and Dkk1) in the synovia, levels of TNF- α, IL-17, IL-22, Dkk1, and sFRP3 were measured by ELISA directly in the synovial fluid of patients with RA, PsA, or AS. Dkk1 and sFRP3 were also measured in the FLS culture supernatants after different inflammatory stimulus. sFRP3 and Dkk1 are constitutively expressed by FLS. IL-22 and sFRP3 were positively correlated (r=0.76; P<0.01) in synovial fluid. The stimulation of FLS with IL-22, but not TNF-alpha and IL-17, increased the production of sFRP3. No stimulus altered the basal expression of Dkk1. These results showed, for the first time, the ability of IL-22 to increase the expression of sFRP3/FRZB by human FLS in both in vitro and ex vivo models. This finding linked IL-22 to local inhibition of Wnt signaling and possibly to blockade of osteogenesis. Furthermore, FLS presented as a source of this inhibitor in synovial fluid, assigning to this cell a bone injury mechanism.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20209880
877 downloads
8.
Renovascular hypertension increases serum TNF and CX3CL1 in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection
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Silva, M.C.
; Azevedo, M.A.
; Figueiredo, V.P.
; Moura Junior, M.R.
; Coelho Junior, D.
; Martinelli, P.M.
; Machado, R.P.
; Alzamora, A.C.
; Talvani, A.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Trypanosoma cruzi triggers a progressive inflammatory response affecting cardiovascular functions in humans and experimental models. Angiotensin II, a key effector of the renin-angiotensin system, plays roles in mediating hypertension, heart failure, and inflammatory responses. T. cruzi and AngII can induce inflammatory responses by releasing inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic AngII, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and CX3CL1 mediators in a two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model using Wistar rats infected with T. cruzi. Our data showed an increase in serum AngII in uninfected and T. cruzi-infected rats 1 week after 2K1C surgery compared to non-2K1C (Sham) animals. The baseline systolic blood pressure was higher in both uninfected and infected 2K1C rats. Despite no difference in circulating parasites in the acute phase of infection, elevated serum TNF and CX3CL1 were observed at 8 weeks post-infection in 2K1C rats in association with higher cardiac inflammatory infiltration. In summary, AngII-induced hypertension associated with T. cruzi infection may act synergistically to increase TNF and CX3CL1 in the 2K1C rat model, thereby intensifying cardiac inflammatory infiltration and worsening the underlying inflammation triggered by this protozoan.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20186690
1202 downloads
9.
Factors influencing colostrum yield by sows
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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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RESUMO Um consumo adequado de colostro, para assegurar a sobrevivência e o ganho de peso, dos leitões, depende da capacidade da porca em produzir colostro suficiente para toda a leitegada. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar fatores relacionados com a porca, com a leitegada ou com o parto que possam influenciar a produção de colostro (PC). O experimento foi conduzido com 96 porcas Camborough 25, de ordem de parto (OP) 1 a 7, cujo parto foi espontâneo. A produção de colostro das porcas foi estimada pela soma do consumo individual de colostro pelos leitões, o qual foi estimado por equação que considera o peso ao nascimento e o ganho de peso nas primeiras 24h de vida. Por meio de modelo de regressão múltipla, 28% da variação na PC foi explicada pelo peso da leitegada (24%) e pela largura do primeiro par de glândulas mamárias (4%). O peso da leitegada foi positivamente correlacionado com o número total de leitões nascidos (r= 0.73) e com o número de leitões nascidos vivos (r= 0.83). Quando separadas em dois grupos de PC (BAIXAPC; ≤3.4kg; n=46 e ALTAPC; >3.4kg; n=50), as porcas do grupo BAIXAPC tiveram menor número total de leitões nascidos, menor número de leitões nascidos vivos e leitegadas mais leves (P<0.05). Por regressão logística, foi observado que porcas da OP 1, 2 e >3 tiveram maior chance (P≤0.05) de pertencer ao grupo BAIXAPC do que porcas de OP 3. Porcas com duas ou mais intervenções obstétricas tiveram maior chance (P<0.05) de pertencer ao grupo BAIXAPC do que as porcas sem intervenção durante o parto. A maior PC observada nas porcas de OP 3 e nas porcas com menos intervenções obstétricas foi associada com um maior número de leitões amamentados. Foi mostrado, neste estudo, que o peso total da leitegada viva, o qual indiretamente representa o número de leitões amamentados pela porca, é o fator mais importante envolvido na produção de colostro.
ABSTRACT An adequate colostrum intake, in order to ensure the survival and weight gain of piglets, depends on the sow's ability to produce enough colostrum for the whole litter. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors involved in colostrum yield (CY) variability related to the sow, the litter and the farrowing process. The experiment was conducted with 96 Camborough 25(r) sows of parities one to seven, whose farrowing was spontaneous. Colostrum production of each sow was estimated by summing up the colostrum intake of each piglet in the litter, estimated by an equation that takes into account the birth weight and weight gain during the first 24h of life. The multiple regression model explained 28% of variation in CY, with 24% and 4% respectively of variation being explained by the litter birth weight and the width of the first mammary glands. Litter birth weight was positively correlated with the number of total born (r= 0.73) and born alive piglets (r= 0.83). When categorised into two groups of colostrum yield (LOWCY; ≤3.4kg; n= 46 vs HIGHCY; >3.4kg; n= 50), LOWCY sows had fewer total born and born alive piglets and lighter litters (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that sows from parities 1, 2 and >3 had greater odds (P≤0.05) of belonging to the LOWCY group than parity 3 sows. Sows with two or more obstetrical interventions had higher odds (P<0.05) of belonging to the LOWCY group than sows without interventions during farrowing. The higher colostrum yield observed in sows of parity 3 and sows with less than two obstetrical interventions during farrowing was associated with a greater number of nursed piglets. This study showed that total birth weight of born alive piglets is the most important factor involved in colostrum yield variability, indirectly representing the number of piglets nursed by the sow.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8326
2673 downloads
10.
Mannose-binding lectin 2 (Mbl2) gene polymorphisms are related to protein plasma levels, but not to heart disease and infection by Chlamydia
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Queiroz, M.A.F.
; Gomes, S.T.M.
; Almeida, N.C.C.
; Souza, M.I.M.
; Costa, S.R.C.F.
; Hermes, R.B.
; Lima, S.S.
; Zaninotto, M.M.
; Fossa, M.A.A.
; Maneschy, M.A.
; Martins-Feitosa, R.N.
; Azevedo, V.N.
; Machado, L.F.A.
; Ishak, M.O.G.
; Ishak, R.
; Vallinoto, A.C.R.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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The presence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 1 of the mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene was evaluated in a sample of 159 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (71 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery and 300 control subjects) to investigate a possible association between polymorphisms and heart disease with Chlamydia infection. The identification of the alleles B and D was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and of the allele C was accomplished through PCR assays followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme. The comparative analysis of allelic and genotypic frequencies between the three groups did not reveal any significant difference, even when related to previous Chlamydia infection. Variations in the MBL plasma levels were influenced by the presence of polymorphisms, being significantly higher in the group of cardiac patients, but without representing a risk for the disease. The results showed that despite MBL2 gene polymorphisms being associated with the protein plasma levels, the polymorphisms were not enough to predict the development of heart disease, regardless of infection with both species of Chlamydia.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20165519
1341 downloads
11.
Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Brazilian red macroalgae organic extracts
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Machado, Levi P.
; Carvalho, Luciana R.
; Young, Maria Cláudia M.
; Cardoso-Lopes, Elaine M.
; Centeno, Danilo C.
; Zambotti-Villela, Leonardo
; Colepicolo, Pio
; Yokoya, Nair S.
.
Abstract Alzheimer's disease affects nearly 36.5 million people worldwide, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition is currently considered the main therapeutic strategy against it. Seaweed biodiversity in Brazil represents one of the most important sources of biologically active compounds for applications in phytotherapy. Accordingly, this study aimed to carry out a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V. Lamouroux, Ochtodes secundiramea (Montagne) M.A. Howe, and Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand (Rhodophyta) in order to determine the AChE effects from their extracts. As a matter of fact, the O. secundiramea extract showed 48% acetylcholinesterase inhibition at 400 μg/ml. The chemical composition of the bioactive fraction was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS); this fraction is solely composed of halogenated monoterpenes, therefore allowing assignment of acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity to them.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.09.003
2036 downloads
12.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
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; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
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; Wallnöfer, Bruno
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; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
13.
Chemical characterization of the Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare essential oils and their inhibition effect on the growth of some food pathogens
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Mallet, A.C.T.
; Cardoso, M.G
; Souza, P.E.
; Machado, S.M.F.
; Andrade, M.A.
; Nelson, D.L.
; Piccoli, R.H.
; Pereira, C.G
.
Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química e o efeito inibitório dos óleos essenciais de Allium sativum e Origanum vulgare frente ao crescimento dos micro-organismos Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Choleraesuis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger e Penicillium simplicissimum, importantes patógenos causadores de contaminações em alimentos. Para quantificação e identificação dos constituintes químicos dos óleos, utilizou-se cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas. Os principais constituintes do óleo essencial de orégano foram o 4-terpineol (27,03%), γ-terpineno (20,04%), β-cimeno (6,34%), e do alho, o dialil trissulfeto (38,81%), dialil dissulfeto (25,23%), metil alil trissulfeto (12,52%). Os resultados dos testes in vitro sobre as bactérias S. Choleraesuis e P. aeruginosa indicaram a formação de halo de inibição e revelaram o efeito inibitório para os referidos óleos, exceto para o óleo de A. sativum frente a P. aeruginosa. Para os fungos A. flavus, A. niger e P. simplicissimum a inibição do crescimento micelial provocada pelo óleo essencial de orégano ocorreu a partir das concentrações de 0,10, 0,03 e 0,05 µg mL-1, respectivamente, sendo que a CMI para o óleo de alho iniciou-se a partir da concentração 0,03 µg mL-1 para todas as espécies de fungos. Foi possível verificar que os óleos possuem efeito inibitório sobre os microrganismos estudados, sendo, portanto, uma alternativa no controle microbiológico de alimentos.
This study sought to evaluate the chemical composition of the Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare essential oils and their effect on the growth inhibition of microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa, S. Choleraesuis, A. flavus, A. niger and P. simplicissimum, important food contaminants. The main constituents of the oregano essential oil were 4-terpineol (27.03%), γ-terpinene (20.04%), and β-cymene (6.34%), and the main constituents of the garlic essential oil were diallyl trisulfide (38, 81%), diallyl disulfide (25.23%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (12.52%). Inhibition zones were formed in in vitro tests on the bacteria S. Choleraesuis and P. aeruginosa, except for A. sativum against P. aeruginosa. The inhibition of mycelial growth caused by the oregano essential oil occurred with the concentrations of 0.10, 0.03 and 0.05 mg mL-1 for the A. flavus, A. niger and P. simplicissimum fungi, respectively. The CMI for the garlic oil began at the 0.03 mg mL-1 concentration for all species of fungi. The oils presented an inhibitory effect against the microorganisms studied and constitute an alternative for microbiological control in food.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/10_120
3805 downloads
14.
Efeitos do horário de postura de matrizes pesadas sobre o rendimento de incubação
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Barbosa, V.M.
; Rocha, J.S.R.
; Pompeu, M.A.
; Fernandes, M.N.S.
; Machado, A.C.
; Cunha, C.E.
; Cardeal, P.C.
; Ruiz, L.E.A.
; Lara, L.J.C.
; Baião, N.C.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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The effects of oviposition time, which represents different positions of the follicles in a sequence of posture, were studied on egg weight, chick weight, egg weight loss during incubation, hatchability, embryo mortality and infertility . A total of 19, 820 eggs, layed on the same day, from Cobb® broiler breeders aging 46-week-old were used. The eggs were classified according to the oviposition time posture (corresponding to the time of collection) from 8:30 am, 10:30 am, 12:30 pm, 14:30 pm and 16:30 pm, which represented the folowing treatments: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th collects, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and 36 repetitions, and each tray of 96 eggs was considered a repetition. The normal and homogeneous data were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test. The non-normal and non-homogeneous averages were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. It is concluded that the time of egg laying has influence on egg weight and chick weight, but does not affect hatchability, fertility and embryonic development.
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15.
Efeitos da suplementação de colina sobre o desempenho de poedeiras comerciais
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Vasconcelos, R.J.C.
; Baião, N.C.
; Lara, L.J.C.
; Ecco, R.
; Machado, A.L.C.
; Pompeu, M.A.
; Rocha, J.S.R.
; Miranda, D.J.A.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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Os efeitos da suplementação de colina em dietas para poedeiras (Dekalb White) foram avaliados nas fases de cria/recria e de postura. O delineamento foi em esquema fatorial 2x5 (duas suplementações de colina de uma a 16 semanas de idade x cinco níveis de colina suplementada de 18 a 44 semanas de idade). Os níveis de colina utilizados foram 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800mg/kg para cada grupo. A suplementação de colina em frangas com uma a 16 semanas de idade não afeta o desempenho nem as características macroscópicas e histopatológicas dos fígados durante essa fase. Os efeitos dos níveis de suplementação de colina sobre o desempenho das galinhas na fase de postura dependem da suplementação ou não dessa vitamina nas fases de cria/recria; ou seja, as aves que recebem suplemento de colina nessas fases apresentam maior exigência no período de postura.
The effects of choline supplementation in diets for laying hens (Dekalb White) were evaluated from 1 to 44 weeks-old. The experimental design was a 2x5 factorial arrangement (two choline supplementations from one to 16 weeks of age - with and without choline supplementation vs. five levels of choline supplementation from 18 to 44 weeks old. The choline level used in the diet for each group was 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800mg/kg). Choline supplementation used in birds with 1 to 16 weeks of age does not affect the performance of pullets and no gross and histological changes were observed in the liver during this phase. The effects of the choline supplementation levels in the laying phase on the hens' performance depend on the supplementation with this vitamin from 1 to 16 weeks old. The results of the experiment showed that birds reared for laying need a higher level of choline supplementation from 1 to 16 weeks old or birds reared for laying receiving higher levels of choline supplementation during 1 to 16 weeks old will need a higher level of choline supplementation in the laying phase.
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