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ABSTRACT Objective: To report outcomes from the largest multicenter series of penile cancer patients undergoing video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL). Materials and Methods: Retrospective multicenter analysis. Authors of 21 centers from the Penile Cancer Collaborative Coalition-Latin America (PeC-LA) were included. All centers performed the procedure following the same previously described standardized technique. Inclusion criteria included penile cancer patients with no palpable lymph nodes and intermediate/high-risk disease and those with non-fixed palpable lymph nodes less than 4 cm in diameter. Categorical variables are shown as percentages and frequencies whereas continuous variables as mean and range. Results: From 2006 to 2020, 210 VEIL procedures were performed in 105 patients. Mean age was 58 (45-68) years old. Mean operative time was 90 minutes (60-120). Mean lymph node yield was 10 nodes (6-16). Complication rate was 15.7%, including severe complications in 1.9% of procedures. Lymphatic and skin complications were noted in 8.6 and 4.8% of patients, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed lymph node involvement in 26.7% of patients with non-palpable nodes. Inguinal recurrence was observed in 2.8% of patients. 10y- overall survival was 74.2% and 10-y cancer specific survival was 84.8%. CSS for pN0, pN1, pN2 and pN3 were 100%, 82.4%, 72.7% and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: VEIL seems to offer appropriate long term oncological control with minimal morbidity. In the absence of non-invasive stratification measures such as dynamic sentinel node biopsy, VEIL emerged as the alternative for the management of non-bulky lymph nodes in penile cancer.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2023.0065

PANORAMA ATUAL E PERSPECTIVAS PARA 2024
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Machado, Giovanna

; David, Jorge M.

; Morgon, Nelson H.

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 N. 10 Pages 941 - 941

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230119

Eugenia uniflora: a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria
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Ferreira, M. R. A.

; Lima, L. B.

; Santos, E. C. F.

; Machado, J. C. B.

; Silva, W. A. V.

; Paiva, P. M. G.

; Napoleão, T. H.

; Soares, L. A. L.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e274084

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from crude extract and fractions from leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn. The crude extract was obtained by turbo extraction and their fractions by partitioning. Chromatographic analysis were performed, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by two methods (DPPH• and ABTS•+). The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration were conducted against twenty-two bacteria, selecting five strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) against multidrug-resistant strains in modulatory and checkerboard tests. The chromatographic data showed gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin in crude extract, with enrichment in the EAF. The electron transfer activity demonstrated in the antioxidant tests is related to the presence of flavonoids. The Gram-positive strains were more susceptible to EAF, and their action spectra were improved by association, comprising Gram-negative bacilli. Synergisms were observed to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa colistin-resistant. The results demonstrate that the extract and enriched fraction obtained from the leaves of E. uniflora act as a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química, as atividades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas do extrato bruto e frações de folhas de Eugenia uniflora Linn. O extrato bruto foi obtido por turbólise e suas frações por partição. Foram realizadas análises cromatográficas e a capacidade antioxidante foi verificada por dois métodos (DPPH• e ABTS•+). A Concentração Inibitória/Bactericida Mínima foi realizada contra vinte e duas bactérias, selecionando cinco cepas suscetíveis a extração/frações e resistentes aos antibióticos testados. Ampicilina, azitromicina, ciprofloxacina e gentamicina foram associados à Fração Acetato de Etila (FAE) contra cepas multirresistentes em testes modulatórios e de checkboard. Os dados cromatográficos mostraram ácido gálico, ácido elágico e miricitrina em extrato bruto, com enriquecimento na FAE. A atividade de transferência de elétrons demonstrada nos testes antioxidantes está relacionada com a presença de flavonoides. As cepas de Gram-positivas foram mais suscetíveis à FAE, e seus espectros de ação foram melhorados por associação, compreendendo bacilos Gram-negativos. Foram observados sinergismos de ciprofloxacina e gentamicina contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente à colistina. Os resultados demonstram que o extrato e a fração enriquecida obtida das folhas de E. uniflora atuam como uma alternativa natural promissora contra bactérias multirresistentes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274084

16S metabarcoding analysis reveals the influence of organic and conventional farming practices on bacterial communities from the rhizospheric of Coffea arabica L.
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Andrade, P. H. M.

; Machado, P. C.

; Paula, A. F.

; Paganin, A. C. L.

; Rezende, G. S.

; Matheucci Jr., E.

; Carvalho, L. M.

; Freire, C. C. M.

; Cunha, A. F.

; Lacava, P. T.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e274070

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Coffea sp. is cultivated in many tropical countries. Brazil has always adopted intensive agricultural practices, but organic coffee farming is an alternative system based on the non-use of agrochemicals and the rational management of soils. Metabarcoding 16S analysis using next-generation sequencing has been developed to identify and compare the diversity of the Coffea arabica L. rhizospheric bacterial community in two farming areas in São Paulo, Brazil. Dourado uses conventional farming, while Ribeirão Corrente uses organic. We found broad taxonomic composition, with sequences from 24 phyla, 55 classes, 61 orders, 146 families, and 337genus. The three most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (38.27%), Actinobacteria (15.56%), and Acidobacteria (16.10%). In organic farming, the top 3 were the family Sphingomonadaceae, order Rhizobiales, genus Nocardioides, and Gp6. The genus Gp2 and the phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria were the most abundant OTUs exclusively present in conventional farming. In the organic farming practice, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were also present among the exclusive OTUs; we also found OTUs belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia. Our study indicates a positive effect of organic farming on microbial communities. Fertilization may directly affect soil microbiota, suggesting that a large and active microbial community low in functional diversity might not adapt to new climatic conditions. A diverse community could provide better resilience to environmental changes, improving the productivity of this important crop.

Resumo Coffea sp. é cultivada em muitos países tropicais. O Brasil sempre adotou práticas agrícolas intensivas, mas a cafeicultura orgânica é um sistema alternativo baseado na não utilização de agrotóxicos e no manejo racional dos solos. A análise Metabarcode 16S utilizando o sequenciamento de última geração foi desenvolvida para identificar e comparar a diversidade da comunidade bacteriana rizosférica de Coffea arabica L. em duas áreas de cultivo em São Paulo, Brasil. Dourado usa agricultura convencional, enquanto Ribeirão Corrente usa agricultura orgânica. Encontramos ampla composição taxonômica, com sequências de 24 filos, 55 classes, 61 ordens, 146 famílias e 337 gêneros. Os três filos mais abundantes foram Proteobacteria (38,27%), Actinobacteria (15,56%) e Acidobacteria (16,10%). Na agricultura orgânica, os 3 primeiros foram a família Sphingomonadaceae, ordem Rhizobiales, gênero Nocardioides e Gp6. O gênero Gp2 e o filo Candidatus Saccaribacteria foram as OTUs mais abundantes exclusivamente presentes na agricultura convencional. Na prática da agricultura orgânica, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria e Acidobacteria também estiveram presentes entre as OTUs exclusivas; também encontramos OTUs pertencentes a Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes e Verrucomicrobia. Nosso estudo indica um efeito positivo da agricultura orgânica nas comunidades microbianas. A fertilização pode afetar diretamente a microbiota do solo, sugerindo que uma grande e ativa comunidade microbiana com baixa diversidade funcional pode não se adaptar às novas condições climáticas. Uma comunidade microbiana diversificada poderia proporcionar maior resiliência às mudanças ambientais, melhorando a produtividade desta importante cultura agrícola.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274070

DESAFIOS SUPERADOS, NOVOS COMPROMISSOS SUPERADOS
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Machado, Giovanna

; David, Jorge M.

; Morgon, Nelson H.

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 N. 1 Pages 1 - 1

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230016

OS DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS PELOS EDITORES DE PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS: PLÁGIO E PRODUÇÃO DE PESQUISA FALSA CIENTÍFICOS
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Machado, Giovanna

; David, Jorge M.

; Morgon, Nelson H.

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 N. 9 Pages 845 - 845

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230108

Biotechnological and socio-environmental potential of Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae): an interdisciplinary review socioenvironmental socio environmental Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae
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Zorgetto-Pinheiro, V. A.

; Kuff, H. M.

; Machado, G. T.

; Guimarães, R. C. A.

; Pott, A.

; Campos, R. P.

; Nascimento, V. A.

; Bogo, D.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e273473

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Guavira (Campomanesia adamantium, Myrtaceae) é um fruto nativo do Cerrado brasileiro e de importância sócio econômica para a população indígena e tradicional do Centro-Oeste. Esta é uma revisão bibliográfica das propriedades da guavira e seus derivados e, após a discussão de estudos experimentais, uma abordagem interdisciplinar é conduzida destacando a importância dos Sistemas Agroflorestais como uma ferramenta de restauração ecológica para alavancar a cadeia produtiva da guavira enquanto fornece serviços ecossistêmicos. Muitos grupos de pesquisa estudaram os efeitos dos polifenóis e outros compostos bioativos e propriedades biológicas desta fruta e de outras partes da planta, como antibióticos, antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios, anti-hiperlipidêmicos, antidiarreicos e antitumorais, proteção cardiovascular e hepática e ação contra a dor neuropática. Além disso, os subprodutos da guavira beneficiam a saúde intestinal das aves, da mesma forma que os antibióticos adicionados à sua alimentação. Foram, também, encontrados diversos produtos biotecnológicos, como farinha de polpa, tempero da casca, protetor solar e óleo de semente semelhante ao azeite com potencial farmacêutico e industrial. Concluímos enfatizando a importância da guavira para a restauração e preservação do ameaçado Cerrado brasileiro e para o desenvolvimento socioambiental da agricultura familiar. A mesma abordagem e estudo são bem-vindos e necessários em outras regiões e domínios em todo o mundo, tendo sua flora nativa como meio para um fim restaurador. Campomanesia adamantium Myrtaceae CentroOeste. CentroOeste Centro Oeste. Oeste Centro-Oeste experimentais ecossistêmicos planta antioxidantes antiinflamatórios, antiinflamatórios anti inflamatórios, inflamatórios anti-inflamatórios antihiperlipidêmicos, antihiperlipidêmicos hiperlipidêmicos, hiperlipidêmicos anti-hiperlipidêmicos antitumorais neuropática disso aves alimentação Foram também biotecnológicos polpa casca industrial familiar bemvindos bem vindos mundo restaurador

Abstract Guavira (Campomanesia adamantium, Myrtaceae) is a native fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado savanna and is socio-economically important for the indigenous and traditional people living in the Central-West. This is a bibliographic review of the biological properties of guavira and its derivatives, and, after discussing experimental studies, an interdisciplinary approach is conducted highlighting the im-portance of Agroforestry Systems as an ecological restoration tool to leverage the production chain of guavira while providing ecosystem services. Many research groups studied effects of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds and biological properties of this fruit and other plant parts such as antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diarrheic and antitumoral activities, cardiovascular and hepatic protection and action against neuropathic pain. Besides, guavira by-products benefit poultry intestinal health, similarly to antibiotics added to their feed. Furthermore, several biotechnological products were found, like pulp flour, seasoning from the peel, sunscreen, and seed oil similar to olive oil with pharmaceutical and industrial potential. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of guavira for restoration and preservation of the threatened Brazilian Cerrado, and for the socio-environmental development of family agriculture. The same approach and study are welcome and necessary in other regions and domains worldwide having their native flora as means for a restorative end. Campomanesia adamantium Myrtaceae socioeconomically socio economically CentralWest. CentralWest Central West. West Central-West derivatives studies im portance services antibiotic antioxidant antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory antihyperlipidemic, antihyperlipidemic hyperlipidemic, hyperlipidemic anti-hyperlipidemic antidiarrheic diarrheic activities pain Besides byproducts health feed Furthermore found flour peel sunscreen potential socioenvironmental environmental agriculture end

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273473

QUÍMICA NOVA: TENDÊNCIAS, PERSPECTIVAS E NOVOS EDITORES
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Machado, Giovanna

; David, Jorge M.

; Morgon, Nelson H.

Química Nova

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jun 2022, Volume 45 N. 6 Pages 647 - 647

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170922

Correlations between Web Searches and COVID-19 Epidemiological Indicators in Brazil
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Locatelli, Marcelo Sartori

; Cunha, Evandro L. T. P

; Guiginski, Janaína

; Franco, Ramon A. S

; Bernardes, Tereza

; Alzamora, Pedro Loures

; Silva, Daniel Victor F. da

; Ganem, Marcelo Augusto S

; Santos, Thiago H. M

; Carvalho, Anne I. R

; Souza, Leandro M. V

; Paixão, Gabriela P. F

; Chaves, Elisa França

; Santos, Guilherme Bezerra dos

; Santos, Rafael Vinícius dos

; Freitas, Amanda Cupertino de

; Flores, Matheus G

; Biezuner, Rachel F

; Cardoso, Rodolfo Lins

; Fonseca, Rodrigo Machado

; Silva, Ana Paula Couto da

; Meira Jr, Wagner

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22210648

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210648

10.

Acute toxicity and regenerative dose finding of an extract of Miconia ferruginata DC. in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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MUNNO, PAULA M.

; BARROSO, POLIANA R.

; VASCONCELOS, BRUNA F.

; SILVA, GEOVANNE B.F. DA

; SALGUEIRO, THIAGO M.

; AGUIAR, HELOISA H.

; VITORINO, LETÍCIA M.

; OLIVEIRA, MURILO X.

; MARTINS, HELEN R.

; GAIAD, THAIS P.

; MACHADO, ALEX S.D.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 4 elocation e20210190

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe disease with no cure caused by a genetic abnormality, promoting progressive muscle degeneration. Corticosteroids are used drugs in treatment associated with adverse effects. The extract of Miconia ferruginata (Melastomataceae) (MF) has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. This study used a DMD model (mdx) to determine the toxic dose of this plant and found a possible non-toxic dose with therapeutic effects. The mdx groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 0 (control group), 50, 100, 200, 300, and 2000 mg kg-1 of the aqueous leaf extract following a single-dose acute toxicity protocol and were observed for 14 days. The range of toxicity of the extract and LD50 were determined. Histopathological analysis, the quantification of fibrosis, and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissues were performed. The results demonstrated that 2000 mg kg-1 was highly toxic, inducing histopathological changes in the tissues evaluated, with 100% mortality in 48 hours. The other doses caused no behavioral changes or signs of toxicity. The MF extract led reduction in histopathological changes, fibrosis, and inflammation, a reduction in HSP70 and an increase in MCL-1 proteins. Doses of 50-200 mg kg-1 demonstrated regenerative tissue and anti-inflammatory potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210190

11.

Effect of time of hydrothermal heat treatment on mesoporous nano-TiO2 synthesis
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Santos, L. M.

; Silva, D. J. R. da

; Santos, M. R. C.

; Machado, A. E. H.

Cerâmica

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dec 2021, Volume 67 N. 384 Pages 445 - 454

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and using hydrothermal treatment at 200 ºC during different time intervals, which allowed the evaluation of the time or the treatment on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the oxides. TEM micrographs showed that the morphology of the materials was characterized by the presence of spherical clusters, while the crystalline phases of the anatase and brookite mixtures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A type IV profile was identified from the results of specific surface area, which is characteristic of the mesoporous material with strong and weak affinity. The band gap in the range of 3.29 and 3.40 eV, estimated by the Kubelka-Munk function, showed a gradual increase as a result of oxide crystallization. It was found that 8 h of treatment in a hydrothermal system was sufficient to synthesize a photocatalyst with optimal photocatalytic performance. This efficiency was probably based on a good correlation between physical and chemical factors, such as high surface area and porosity, the improved capability of photon adsorption in the visible range, crystallinity, and a favorable content of brookite.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132021673843084 1 downloads

12.

Impact of COVID-19 on education, health and lifestyle behaviour of Brazilian urology residents
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Prezotti, José Antonio

; Henriques, João Victor T.

; Favorito, Luciano A.

; Canalini, Alfredo F.

; Machado, Marcos G.

; Brandão, Thulio B. V.

; Barbosa, Akemi M. V.

; Moromizato, Julyana K. M.

; Anzolch, Karin M. J.

; Fernandes, Roni de C.

; Rodrigues, Fransber R. A.

; Bellucci, Carlos H. S.

; Silva, Caroline S.

; Pompeo, Antonio Carlos L.

; Bessa Jr., Jose de

; Gomes, Cristiano M.

International braz j urol

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aug 2021, Volume 47 N. 4 Pages 753 - 776

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical and surgical practice, educational activities, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urology residents. Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was sent to 468 Brazilian urology residents from postgraduate years (PGY) 3 to 5 to collect data on clinical practice and training after 4 months of COVID-19. We also assessed health-related and behavior changes, rate of infection by SARS-CoV-2, deployment to the front line of COVID-19, residents’ concerns, and access to personal protective equipment (PPE). Results: Massive reductions in elective and emergency patient consultations, diagnostic procedures and surgeries were reported across the country, affecting PGY 3 to 5 alike. Most in-person educational activities were abolished. The median damage to the urological training expected for 2020 was 6.0 [3.4 – 7.7], on a scale from 0 to 10, with senior residents estimating a greater damage (P< 0.001). Educational interventions developed included online case-based discussions, subspeciality conferences and lectures, and grand rounds. Most senior residents favored extending residency to compensate for training loss and most younger residents favored no additional training (p< 0.001). Modifications in health and lifestyle included weight gain (43.8%), reduced physical activity (68.6%), increased alcoholic intake (44.9%) and cigarette consumption (53.6%), worsening of sexual life (25.2%) and feelings of sadness or depression (48,2%). Almost half were summoned to work on the COVID-19 front-line and 24.4% had COVID-19. Most residents had inadequate training to deal with COVID-19 patients and most reported a shortage of PPE. Residents’ concerns included the risk of contaminating family members, being away from residency program, developing severe COVID-19 and overloading colleagues. Conclusions: COVID-19 had a massive impact in Brazilian urology residents´ training, health and lifestyle behavior, which may reflect what happened in other medical specialties. Studies should confirm these findings to help developing strategies to mitigate residents’ losses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.99.09 170 downloads

13.

The methodology of the electrical conductivity test for Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds
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Silva, Ingrid M. H. de L. e

; Silva, Givanildo Z. da

; Coelho, Mirelle V.

; Gama, Gabriela F.

; Silva, Amalia A. S.

; Machado, Carla G.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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aug 2021, Volume 25 N. 8 Pages 553 - 559

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O teste de condutividade elétrica destaca-se por gerar respostas rápidas para diferenciação de lotes, no entanto, necessita-se de estudos visando o aprimoramento desta prática em sementes de cártamo. Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência e estabelecer metodologia do teste de condutividade elétrica para sementes de cártamo. Inicialmente, 12 lotes foram caracterizados quanto às propriedades físicas e potencial fisiológico. Para condutividade elétrica, o experimento foi efetuado em três etapas com os 12 lotes: primeiro determinou-se o período de embebição (2, 4, 6, 8, e 16 horas), em seguida avaliou-se o volume (50, 75, 100, 150 e 200 mL) e por fim determinou-se a quantidade de sementes (25 e 50). O teste de condutividade elétrica utilizando 25 sementes embebidas em 50 mL de água destilada no período de seis horas possibilita a diferenciação de lotes de sementes de cártamo. A análise multivariada dos componentes principais é eficiente na discriminação do vigor de lotes de sementes de cártamo.

ABSTRACT The electrical conductivity test stands out for generating quick responses for lot differentiation; however, studies are needed to improve this practice in safflower seeds. This study aimed to verify the efficiency and establish a methodology of the electrical conductivity test for safflower seeds. Initially, 12 lots were characterized regarding physical properties and physiological potential. For electrical conductivity, the experiment was carried out in three stages with the 12 lots: firstly, the soaking period was determined (2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 hours), then the volume was evaluated (50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mL), and finally the number of seeds (25 and 50 seeds) was determined. The electrical conductivity test using 25 seeds in 50 mL of distilled water for six hours of soaking enables the differentiation of safflower seed lots. Multivariate analysis of principal components is efficient in discriminating the vigor of safflower seed lots.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n8p553-559 395 downloads

14.

OPTIMIZATION OF BREWING WASTE’S (TRUB) PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION BY ULTRASOUND ASSISTED USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
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Gandolpho, Bianca C. G.

; Almeida, Aline R.

; Gandolpho, Gabriel M.

; Freitas, Daniele Z.

; Gasparini, Otávio C.

; Machado, Michelle H.

; Barreto, Pedro L. M.

Química Nova

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apr 2021, Volume 44 N. 4 Pages 478 - 483

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The brewing waste, also known as trub, is an abundant by-product of the brewing industry. Such material presents high levels of phenolic compounds, which promote antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal effects, turning the trub economically attractive. In this study, the trub’s phenolic compounds were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology. Such experiments were conducted according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), with the evaluated parameters being ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) described the effect of process’ variables through second order polynomial models, adjusted appropriately for such analysis, and optimized the operating conditions, aiming to obtain the maximum extraction of phenolic compounds through the proposed technique. The extraction’s optimal conditions for the evaluated variables were ethanol concentration of 58%, solid-liquid ratio of 1 g per 32 mL, and extraction temperature of 36 ºC, during a 30 minute process. Considering such experimental conditions, the total amount of phenolic compounds was equal to 7.23 mg of gallic acid g-1 trub, indicating that a great concentration of phenolic compounds can be extracted from this material through the proposed technique. Thus, this indicates that trub might be a promising by-product that can be used in different industrial fields.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170688 70 downloads

15.

Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 for a Rural Classroom in the Amazon: A Case Study
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Fernandes, Karenn S.

; Santos, Erickson O. dos

; Godoi, Ricardo H. M.

; Yamamoto, Carlos I.

; Barbosa, Cybelli G. G.

; Souza, Rodrigo A. F.

; Machado, Cristine M. D.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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feb 2021, Volume 32 N. 2 Pages 363 - 375

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Classrooms are microenvironments in which children and teenagers may be exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Iranduba is a rural city in the Amazon region close to many brick kilns and road with high traffic levels. In this study, indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels were measured in a classroom in Iranduba, and the PM2.5 exposure effects on student’s health were calculated. High indoor PM2.5 concentrations and high indoor-to-outdoor ratio values indicated particle accumulation within the classroom. The high percentage of black carbon (10%) in the dry season revealed the influence of burning processes on PM2.5 composition. Se, S, and Pb had an enrichment factor > 5, indicating that there is an important source for these elements in the city. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated soil resuspension, burning processes and vehicular emissions as the main PM2.5 sources. The excess risk shows that our classroom occupants are expected to be 30% more likely to develop lung-cancer than a group exposed to a background level of PM2.5. Therefore, it is important to have an effective ventilation system in order to reduce the accumulation of pollutants within the classroom and also to control/decrease the emission of pollutants in the city.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200188 296 downloads

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