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au:Machado, L.S.

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Proposal of an iELISA for Mycoplasma bovis diagnosis in dairy cattle and associated risk factors
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Pires, D.R.; Morais, A.C.N.; Cunha, N.C.; Machado, L.S.; Barbosa, L.F.C.; Mendonça, J.F.M.; Balaro, M.F.A.; Santos, J.P.C.; Souza, G.N.; Barreto, M.L.; Nascimento, E.R..

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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mar 2021, Volume 73 N. 2 Pages 293 - 301

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | ePDF: En

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious agent associated with several pathologies in cattle. The detection of reactive antibodies to M. bovis by Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) identifies if there was an exposure to the microorganism. The current study aimed to optimize an iELISA from M. bovis total cell antigen, applying it to bovine serum samples, and to evaluate risk factors. Serum samples were obtained from 400 cows from 17 herds from Southeast Brazil. In the optimization of iELISA, the following was established: 2 μg/mL of antigen, sera dilution 1:300, and conjugate dilution 1:15000. The frequency was 62.3% (249/400) of reactive animals and 100% (17/17) of reactive herds. Risk factors were: herds with more than 100 animals (OR= 3.1; CI= 95%); Holstein breed (OR= 72.5; CI= 95%); cows (OR= 29.7; CI= 95%); intensive breeding system (OR= 3.3; CI= 95%); associated small ruminant production (OR= 4.4; CI= 95%); milk production above 500L (OR= 2.9; CI= 95%); no quarantine (OR= 1.5; CI= 95%); mechanical milking (OR= 5.5; CI= 95%) and cases of mastitis (OR= 5.5; CI= 95%). The proposed iELISA was able to detect antibodies reactive to M. bovis in bovine serum. Knowledge of these risk factors can assist in the implementation of prophylactic measures.

RESUMO Mycoplasma bovis é um agente altamente contagioso relacionado a várias patologias em bovinos. A detecção de anticorpos reativos a M. bovis por Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática Indireto (iELISA) identifica se houve exposição ao microrganismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo otimizar um iELISA de antígeno celular total de M. bovis, aplicando-o a amostras de soro bovino, bem como avaliar fatores de risco. Amostras de soro foram obtidas de 400 vacas de 17 rebanhos da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Na otimização do iELISA foram obtidos: 2μg/mL de antígeno, diluição dos soros 1:300 e do conjugado 1:15000. A frequência de animais reativos foi de 62,3% (249/400) e de 100% (17/17) para os rebanhos. Os fatores de risco foram: rebanhos com mais de 100 animais (OR= 3,1; IC= 95%); raça Holandesa (OR= 72,5;IC= 95%); vacas (OR= 29,7;IC= 95%); sistema intensivo (OR= 3,3; C= 95%); produção de pequenos ruminantes (OR= 4,4;IC=95%); produção de leite acima de 500L (OR= 2,9;IC= 95%); sem quarentena (OR= 1,5;IC= 95%); ordenha mecânica (OR= 5,5;IC= 95%) e casos de mastite (OR= 5,5;IC= 95%). O iELISA proposto foi capaz de detectar anticorpos reativos a M. bovis no soro bovino. O conhecimento desses fatores de risco pode auxiliar na implementação de medidas profiláticas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12140

Evaluation of the bio-drying process of municipal solid waste using rotating drums Bio-drying rotary drum
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FELTRIM, FERNANDA; IZZO, RONALDO L.S.; ROSE, JULIANA L.; MACHADO, ANDRÉ B.; ORO, SHEILA REGINA.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 4 elocation e20200085

Abstract: En | Text: En

Abstract Most of the municipal solid waste collected is disposed of in landfills and controlled landfills. However, efficient ways of recovering these wastes have emerged, such as bio-drying. This technique uses the exothermic degradation reaction of organic matter carried out by microorganisms along with aeration to reduce the moisture of the waste. The objective of the research was to test the bio-drying technique in a rotary drum. For this purpose, three rotary drums were built, and the tested residue was synthetically produced. The aeration rate tested was 1 liter per kilogram per minute, and rotation was performed for one minute every three hours. The analyses performed on the residues were moisture content, volatile solids, calorific value, particle size, and temperature profile. The residues entered the bio-drying process with a moisture content of 52%, 49%, and 54% and went out with 15%, 13%, and 10% for drum 1, 2, and 3, respectively, a reduction of more than 70%. The calorific value increased by 95%, 88%, and 122% for drum 1, 2, and 3, respectively. During the process, no leachate generation was observed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200085

Kahweol, a natural diterpene from coffee, induces peripheral antinociception by endocannabinoid system activation
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Guzzo, L.S.; Oliveira, C.C.; Ferreira, R.C.M.; Machado, D.P.D.; Castor, M.G.M.; Perez, A.C.; Piscitelli, F.; Marzo, V. Di; Romero, T.R.L.; Duarte, I.D.G..

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2021, Volume 54 N. 12 elocation e11071

Abstract: En | Text: En

Kahweol is a compound derived from coffee with reported antinociceptive effects. Based on the few reports that exist in the literature regarding the mechanisms involved in kahweol-induced peripheral antinociceptive action, this study proposed to investigate the contribution of the endocannabinoid system to the peripheral antinociception induced in rats by kahweol. Hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and was measured with the paw pressure test. Kahweol and the drugs to test the cannabinoid system were administered locally into the right hind paw. The endocannabinoids were purified by open-bed chromatography on silica and measured by LC-MS. Kahweol (80 µg/paw) induced peripheral antinociception against PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. This effect was reversed by the intraplantar injection of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 (20, 40, and 80 μg/paw), but not by the CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM630 (100 μg/paw). Treatment with the endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor VDM11 (2.5 μg/paw) intensified the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by low-dose kahweol (40 μg/paw). The monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor, JZL184 (4 μg/paw), and the dual MAGL/fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, MAFP (0.5 μg/paw), potentiated the peripheral antinociceptive effect of low-dose kahweol. Furthermore, kahweol increased the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, but not of the other endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol nor of anandamide-related N-acylethanolamines, in the plantar surface of the rat paw. Our results suggested that kahweol induced peripheral antinociception via anandamide release and activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors and this compound could be used to develop new drugs for pain relief.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2021e11071

Prevalência e estudo genético de Mycoplasma gallisepticum e M. synoviae em poedeiras comerciais, na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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Silva, R.L.; Silva, M.M.; Figueira, A.A.; Machado, L.S.; Cunha, N.C.; Dias, T.S.; Soares, N.M.; Nascimento, E.R.; Pereira, V.L.A..

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2020, Volume 72 N. 4 Pages 1346 - 1352

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: Pt | ePDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MG and MS and the phylogeny of the circulating strains, comparing them with others already described in commercial laying hens from Brazil. A total of 140 tracheal swabs were collected from commercial laying hens with respiratory signs in six farms from the western region of São Paulo state. The samples were analyzed by PCR with subsequent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the identified strains. From the 140 samples, 68.6% were positive for MS and 16.4% for MG. There was a significant difference in the frequencies of MG and MS per farm according to G Test of independence (P<0.05). All strains identified as MG and MS from distinct farms presented similarity both by lipoprotein to MG and by 16s rRNA region to MS. In this study, it was possible to observe a high prevalence of MS compared to MG. Mixed MG and MS infection was detected in 11.4% of the samples. These mycoplasmas may act synergistically, worsening the respiratory signs. The circulating strains identified by analysis of the lipoprotein for MG and 16S rRNA for MS are similar on all poultry farms studied.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a prevalência de MG e MS e a filogenia das cepas circulantes, comparando-as com outras já descritas em poedeiras comerciais no Brasil. Foram coletados 140 suabes traqueais de poedeiras comerciais com sinais respiratórios em seis granjas da região centro-oeste de São Paulo. As amostras foram avaliadas por PCR, com posterior sequenciamento e análise filogenética das cepas identificadas. Das 140 amostras, 16,4% foram positivas para MG e 68,6% para MS. Houve diferença significativa nas frequências de MG e MS por granja, segundo o teste G de independência (P<0,05). Todas as cepas identificadas de MG e MS de granjas distintas apresentaram similaridade tanto pela lipoproteína para MG quanto pela região 16s rRNA para MS. Neste estudo, foi possível observar altas prevalências dos agentes estudados, sendo a de MS maior que a de MG. Foi detectada infecção mista por MG e MS em 11,4% das amostras e sabe-se que esses micoplasmas podem agir de forma sinérgica, agravando o quadro respiratório. As cepas circulantes identificadas, pela análise das regiões gênicas da lipoproteína para MG e 16S rRNA para MS, são similares em todas as granjas estudadas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11619

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato; Leitman, Paula; Souza, Vinícius C.; Walter, Bruno M.T.; Pirani, José R.; Morim, Marli P.; Queiroz, Luciano P.; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.; Mansano, Vidal F.; Forzza, Rafaela C.; Abreu, Maria C.; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro; Agra, Maria F.; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.; Almeida, Rafael F.; Alves, Flávio M.; Alves, Marccus; Alves-Araujo, Anderson; Amaral, Maria C.E.; Amorim, André M.; Amorim, Bruno; Andrade, Ivanilza M.; Andreata, Regina H.P.; Andrino, Caroline O.; Anunciação, Elisete A.; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.; Aranguren, Yani; Aranha Filho, João L.M.; Araújo, Andrea O.; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.; Araújo, Diogo; Arbo, María M.; Assis, Leandro; Assis, Marta C.; Assunção, Vivian A.; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.; Azevedo, Cecilia O.; Baitello, João B.; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.; Barbosa, Maria R.V.; Barros, Fábio; Barros, Lucas A.V.; Barros, Michel J.F.; Baumgratz, José F.A.; Bernacci, Luis C.; Berry, Paul E.; Bigio, Narcísio C.; Biral, Leonardo; Bittrich, Volker; Borges, Rafael A.X.; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.; Bove, Cláudia P.; Bovini, Massimo G.; Braga, João M.A.; Braz, Denise M.; Bringel Jr., João B.A.; Bruniera, Carla P.; Buturi, Camila V.; Cabral, Elza; Cabral, Fernanda N.; Caddah, Mayara K.; Caires, Claudenir S.; Calazans, Luana S.B.; Calió, Maria F.; Camargo, Rodrigo A.; Campbell, Lisa; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.; Carauta, Jorge P.P.; Cardiel, José M.; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.; Carneiro, Camila R.; Carneiro, Cláudia E.; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.; Carrijo, Tatiana T.; Caruzo, Maria B.R.; Carvalho, Maria L.S.; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline; Castello, Ana C.D.; Cavalheiro, Larissa; Cervi, Armando C.; Chacon, Roberta G.; Chautems, Alain; Chiavegatto, Berenice; Chukr, Nádia S.; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.; Coelho, Marcus A.N.; Coelho, Rubens L.G.; Cordeiro, Inês; Cordula, Elizabeth; Cornejo, Xavier; Côrtes, Ana L.A.; Costa, Andrea F.; Costa, Fabiane N.; Costa, Jorge A.S.; Costa, Leila C.; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.; Costa-Lima, James L.; Cota, Maria R.C.; Couto, Ricardo S.; Daly, Douglas C.; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.; De Toni, Karen; Dematteis, Massimiliano; Dettke, Greta A.; Di Maio, Fernando R.; Dórea, Marcos C.; Duarte, Marília C.; Dutilh, Julie H.A.; Dutra, Valquíria F.; Echternacht, Lívia; Eggers, Lilian; Esteves, Gerleni; Ezcurra, Cecilia; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.; Feres, Fabíola; Fernandes, José M.; Ferreira, D.M.C.; Ferreira, Fabrício M.; Ferreira, Gabriel E.; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.; Ferreira, Silvana C.; Ferrucci, Maria S.; Fiaschi, Pedro; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Firens, Marcela; Flores, Andreia S.; Forero, Enrique; Forster, Wellington; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.; Fortunato, Reneé H.; Fraga, Cléudio N.; França, Flávio; Francener, Augusto; Freitas, Joelcio; Freitas, Maria F.; Fritsch, Peter W.; Furtado, Samyra G.; Gaglioti, André L.; Garcia, Flávia C.P.; Germano Filho, Pedro; Giacomin, Leandro; Gil, André S.B.; Giulietti, Ana M.; A.P.Godoy, Silvana; Goldenberg, Renato; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.; Gomes, Mário; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes; Graham, Shirley; Groppo, Milton; Guedes, Juliana S.; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.; Guimarães, Elsie F.; Gutierrez, Raul; Harley, Raymond; Hassemer, Gustavo; Hattori, Eric K.O.; Hefler, Sonia M.; Heiden, Gustavo; Henderson, Andrew; Hensold, Nancy; Hiepko, Paul; Holanda, Ana S.S.; Iganci, João R.V.; Imig, Daniela C.; Indriunas, Alexandre; Jacques, Eliane L.; Jardim, Jomar G.; Kamer, Hiltje M.; Kameyama, Cíntia; Kinoshita, Luiza S.; Kirizawa, Mizué; Klitgaard, Bente B.; Koch, Ingrid; Koschnitzke, Cristiana; Krauss, Nathália P.; Kriebel, Ricardo; Kuntz, Juliana; Larocca, João; Leal, Eduardo S.; Lewis, Gwilym P.; Lima, Carla T.; Lima, Haroldo C.; Lima, Itamar B.; Lima, Laíce F.G.; Lima, Laura C.P.; Lima, Leticia R.; Lima, Luís F.P.; Lima, Rita B.; Lírio, Elton J.; Liro, Renata M.; Lleras, Eduardo; Lobão, Adriana; Loeuille, Benoit; Lohmann, Lúcia G.; Loiola, Maria I.B.; Lombardi, Julio A.; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.; Lopes, Rosana C.; Lorencini, Tiago S.; Louzada, Rafael B.; Lovo, Juliana; Lozano, Eduardo D.; Lucas, Eve; Ludtke, Raquel; Luz, Christian L.; Maas, Paul; Machado, Anderson F.P.; Macias, Leila; Maciel, Jefferson R.; Magenta, Mara A.G.; Mamede, Maria C.H.; Manoel, Evelin A.; Marchioretto, Maria S.; Marques, Juliana S.; Marquete, Nilda; Marquete, Ronaldo; Martinelli, Gustavo; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.; Martins, Ângela B.; Martins, Erika R.; Martins, Márcio L.L.; Martins, Milena V.; Martins, Renata C.; Matias, Ligia Q.; Maya-L., Carlos A.; Mayo, Simon; Mazine, Fiorella; Medeiros, Debora; Medeiros, Erika S.; Medeiros, Herison; Medeiros, João D.; Meireles, José E.; Mello-Silva, Renato; Melo, Aline; Melo, André L.; Melo, Efigênia; Melo, José I.M.; Menezes, Cristine G.; Menini Neto, Luiz; Mentz, Lilian A.; Mezzonato, A.C.; Michelangeli, Fabián A.; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.; Miotto, Silvia T.S.; Miranda, Vitor F.O.; Mondin, Cláudio A.; Monge, Marcelo; Monteiro, Daniele; Monteiro, Raquel F.; Moraes, Marta D.; Moraes, Pedro L.R.; Mori, Scott A.; Mota, Aline C.; Mota, Nara F.O.; Moura, Tania M.; Mulgura, Maria; Nakajima, Jimi N.; Nardy, Camila; Nascimento Júnior, José E.; Noblick, Larry; Nunes, Teonildes S.; O'Leary, Nataly; Oliveira, Arline S.; Oliveira, Caetano T.; Oliveira, Juliana A.; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.; Oliveira, Regina C.; Oliveira, Renata S.; Oliveira, Reyjane P.; Paixão-Souza, Bruno; Parra, Lara R.; Pasini, Eduardo; Pastore, José F.B.; Pastore, Mayara; Paula-Souza, Juliana; Pederneiras, Leandro C.; Peixoto, Ariane L.; Pelissari, Gisela; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.; Pennington, Toby; Perdiz, Ricardo O.; Pereira, Anna C.M.; Pereira, Maria S.; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.; Pessoa, Clenia; Pessoa, Edlley M.; Pessoa, Maria C.R.; Pinto, Luiz J.S.; Pinto, Rafael B.; Pontes, Tiago A.; Prance, Ghillean T.; Proença, Carolyn; Profice, Sheila R.; Pscheidt, Allan C.; Queiroz, George A.; Queiroz, Rubens T.; Quinet, Alexandre; Rainer, Heimo; Ramos, Eliana; Rando, Juliana G.; Rapini, Alessandro; Reginato, Marcelo; Reis, Ilka P.; Reis, Priscila A.; Ribeiro, André R.O.; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.; Riina, Ricarda; Ritter, Mara R.; Rivadavia, Fernando; Rocha, Antônio E.S.; Rocha, Maria J.R.; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.; Rodrigues, Karina F.; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.; Rodrigues, William; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio; Romão, Gerson O.; Romero, Rosana; Roque, Nádia; Rosa, Patrícia; Rossi, Lúcia; Sá, Cyl F.C.; Saavedra, Mariana M.; Saka, Mariana; Sakuragui, Cássia M.; Salas, Roberto M.; Sales, Margareth F.; Salimena, Fatima R.G.; Sampaio, Daniela; Sancho, Gisela; Sano, Paulo T.; Santos, Alessandra; Santos, Élide P.; Santos, Juliana S.; Santos, Marianna R.; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.; Santos-Silva, Fernanda; São-Mateus, Wallace; Saraiva, Deisy P.; Saridakis, Dennis P.; Sartori, Ângela L.B.; Scalon, Viviane R.; Schneider, Ângelo; Sebastiani, Renata; Secco, Ricardo S.; Senna, Luisa; Senna-Valle, Luci; Shirasuna, Regina T.; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.; Silva, Anádria S.; Silva, Christian; Silva, Genilson A.R.; Silva, Gisele O.; Silva, Márcia C.R.; Silva, Marcos J.; Silva, Marcos J.; Silva, Otávio L.M.; Silva, Rafaela A.P.; Silva, Saura R.; Silva, Tania R.S.; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela; Simões, André O.; Simpson, Beryl; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.; Siqueira Filho, José A.; Siqueira, Carlos E.; Siqueira, Josafá C.; Smith, Nathan P.; Snak, Cristiane; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.; Soares, Kelen P.; Soares, Marcos V.B.; Soares, Maria L.; Soares, Polyana N.; Sobral, Marcos; Sodré, Rodolfo C.; Somner, Genise V.; Sothers, Cynthia A.; Sousa, Danilo J.L.; Souza, Elnatan B.; Souza, Élvia R.; Souza, Marcelo; Souza, Maria L.D.R.; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.; Spina, Andréa P.; Stapf, María N.S.; Stefano, Marina V.; Stehmann, João R.; Steinmann, Victor; Takeuchi, Cátia; Taylor, Charlotte M.; Taylor, Nigel P.; Teles, Aristônio M.; Temponi, Lívia G.; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.; Thode, Veronica; Thomas, W.Wayt; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.; Torke, Benjamin M.; Torres, Roseli B.; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.; Trad, Rafaela J.; Trevisan, Rafael; Trovó, Marcelo; Valls, José F.M.; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.; Versieux, Leonardo; Viana, Pedro L.; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.; Vieira, Ana O.S.; Vieira, Diego D.; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia; Vilar, Thaisa; Vinhos, Franklin; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Wanderley, Maria G.L.; Wasshausen, Dieter; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.; Weigend, Maximilian; Welker, Cassiano A.D.; Woodgyer, Elizabeth; Xifreda, Cecilia C.; Yamamoto, Kikyo; Zanin, Ana; Zenni, Rafael D.; Zickel, Carmem S.

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2015, Volume 66 N. 4 Pages 1085 - 1113

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.

Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411

Detecção de resíduos de enrofloxacina por ensaio imunoenzimático e cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas em ovos comerciais de galinha após tratamento
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Gouvêa, R.; Santos, F.F.; Machado, L.S.; Panzenhagen, P.H.N.; Aquino, M.H.C.; Nascimento, E. Rosendo do; Ribeiro, C.; Pereira, V.L.A..

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2014, Volume 66 N. 6 Pages 1917 - 1923

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: Pt | ePDF: Pt

Enrofloxacin is one of the most used antibiotics in the poultry industry and the deposition of residues in poultry products, such as eggs, are of great concern to public health. In Brazilian law there is no standard withdrawal period for enrofloxacin in eggs and there is no Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established for this antimicrobial in eggs. In this study, (Bioo Scientific(r)) commercial ELISA kit and LC-MS/MS were used to investigate enrofloxacin in eggs of 30 hens pretreated via drinking water at 10mg/kg of enrofloxacin for five days. Six eggs were collected daily and analyzed during treatment and after the end of treatment, for 15 days. Residues obtained maximum levels on the fifth day of treatment, declined gradually and were no longer detected from the ninth day to the end of treatment. Based on the MRL of 100mg/kg established for edible tissues of poultry by Brazillian law and for muscle, fat and skin, by the European Union, after six days of treatment withdrawal, the residue levels were below that limit, with the average of 37.43mg/kg in LC-MS/MS and 14.731mg/kg in ELISA. Within the conditions of this study, a withdrawal period of six days would be more appropriate to use the eggs for human consumption. The values obtained by ELISA for residues in eggs were lower than those obtained in LC-MS/MS for the same sample, however both methods showed statistical agreement. LC-MS/MS is the recommended method by Brazilian legislation for analysis of residues in food, however, according to the results the ELISA kit used can also be applied to the detection of enrofloxacin residues in eggs, with the advantages of speed and simplicity.

A enrofloxacina é um dos antimicrobianos mais utilizados na avicultura industrial, e a deposição de resíduos em produtos avícolas, como os ovos, são de grande importância para a saúde pública. Na legislação brasileira não existe padronização do período de carência para o seu uso na produção avícola e não há Limite Máximo de Resíduo (LMR) fixado para enrofloxacina em ovos. Neste estudo, foi utilizado o kit de ELISA comercial (Bioo Scientific(r)) e a LC-MS/MS na pesquisa de enrofloxacina em ovos de 30 galinhas tratadas previamente via água de bebida, com 10mg/kg de enrofloxacina, durante cinco dias. Seis ovos foram coletados diariamente e analisados durante o tratamento e após a sua suspensão, durante 15 dias. A deposição de resíduos obteve níveis máximos no quinto dia de tratamento das aves, declinando gradativamente até não ser detectada a partir do nono dia de suspensão do tratamento. Considerando como base o LMR de 100µg/kg fixado pelo Brasil para tecidos comestíveis de aves e pela União Europeia para músculo, gordura e pele, após seis dias de suspensão do tratamento, os níveis de resíduos foram inferiores a esse limite, tendo como médias 37,43µg/kg na LC-MS/MS e 14,731µg/kg no ELISA. Dentro das condições deste estudo, um período de carência de seis dias seria mais adequado para utilização dos ovos para consumo humano. Foram detectados valores de resíduos nos ovos menores no ELISA em relação à LC-MS/MS para a mesma amostra, mas os dois métodos apresentaram concordância estatística entre si. A LC-MS/MS é o teste recomendado pela legislação brasileira para a análise de resíduos em alimentos; entretanto, pelos resultados obtidos, o kit de ELISA utilizado também pode ser aplicado na detecção de resíduos de enrofloxacina em ovos, com as vantagens de rapidez e simplicidade.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7331

PCR na detecção de gene Fel A de Escherichia Coli em frangos de corte condenados por aerossaculite pela Inspeção Sanitária Federal
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Machado, L.S.; Nascimento, E.R.; Pereira, V.L.A.; Almeida, D.O.; Abreu, D.L.C.; Gouvêa, R..

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico

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jun 2013, Volume 80 N. 2 Pages 145 - 149

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt

Collibacillosis is considered one of the major diseases of the modern poultry industry, due to the significant losses it causes. Escherichia coli contributes not only to the disease itself, by causing weight loss of the birds, but also to the increase in carcasses condemnation during slaughter and processing. Detection of virulence factors in E. coli strains of the APEC pathotype contributes to the characterization and pathogenicity of this agent. PCR techniques have been very helpful in the search for genes that encode those virulence factors. This study aimed to detect the gene Fel A of E. coli by PCR and relate its positivity to low weight in broiler flocks with airsacculitis as diagnosed by the health inspection service. The study involved 40 flocks of broilers slaughtered in a single poultry slaughterhouse, under Federal Sanitary Inspection, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three broilers were randomly selected to obtain one "pool" of three tracheas for each PCR. DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform and amplified using a pair of primers specific to gene Fel A of E. coli. Of the 40 flocks analyzed by PCR, 35% (14/40) were positive for the gene Fel A. PCR was an effective technique for the detection of gene Fel A in broiler flocks. There was a relationship between the presence of the gene Fel A, weight loss, and increase of the airsacculitis rate.

A colibacilose é considerada uma das principais doenças da indústria avícola moderna, devido aos grandes prejuízos econômicos causados. A Escherichia coli contribui não só para a doença em si, levando à perda de peso das aves, bem como para o aumento da taxa condenação de carcaças durante o abate e processamento. A detecção de fatores de virulência de cepas de E. coli do patotipo APEC colabora para a caracterização de sua patogenicidade e as técnicas de PCR têm sido muito úteis na pesquisa de genes que os codificam. Este estudo objetivou diagnosticar E. coli pela detecção o gene Fel A por PCR e relacionar a positividade para este agente com o baixo peso em frangos de corte provenientes de lotes condenados por aerossaculite. Foram estudados 40 lotes de frangos de corte abatidos em um matadouro avícola sob Inspeção Sanitária Federal, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram colhidos aleatoriamente 3 frangos e obtidos "pools" de três traqueias em cada um deles para PCR. O DNA foi extraído pelo método de fenol-clorofórmio e amplificado com pares de "primers" específicos para gene Fel A de E. coli. Dos 40 lotes analisados pela PCR, 35% (14/40) foram positivos para o gene Fel A. A PCR foi eficaz para a detecção do gene Fel A em lotes de frangos de corte e houve relação entre a presença do gene Fel A, a queda de peso e aumento na taxa de aerossaculite.

A combined enrichment/polymerase chain reaction based method for the routine screening of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women
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Munari, F.M.; De-Paris, F.; Salton, G.D.; Lora, P.S; Giovanella, P; Machado, A.B.M.P; Laybauer, L.S.; Oliveira, K.R.P.; Ferri, C; Silveira, J.L.S.; Laurino, C.C.F.C; Xavier, R.M.; Barth, A.L; Echeverrigaray, S; Laurino, J.P..

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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mar 2012, Volume 43 N. 1 Pages 253 - 260

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En | ePDF: En

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of life-threatening infection in neonates. Guidelines from CDC recommend universal screening of pregnant women for rectovaginal GBS colonization. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of a combined enrichment/PCR based method targeting the atr gene in relation to culture using enrichment with selective broth medium (standard method) to identify the presence of GBS in pregnant women. Rectovaginal GBS samples from women at ≥36 weeks of pregnancy were obtained with a swab and analyzed by the two methods. A total of 89 samples were evaluated. The prevalence of positive results for GBS detection was considerable higher when assessed by the combined enrichment/PCR method than with the standard method (35.9% versus 22.5%, respectively). The results demonstrated that the use of selective enrichment broth followed by PCR targeting the atr gene is a highly sensitive, specific and accurate test for GBS screening in pregnant women, allowing the detection of the bacteria even in lightly colonized patients. This PCR methodology may provide a useful diagnostic tool for GBS detection and contributes for a more accurate and effective intrapartum antibiotic and lower newborn mortality and morbidity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822012000100029

Behavioral deficits in sepsis-surviving rats induced by cecal ligation and perforation
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Barichello, T.; Martins, M.R.; Reinke, A.; Constantino, L.S.; Machado, R.A.; Valvassori, S.S.; Moreira, J.C.F.; Quevedo, J.; Dal-Pizzol, F..

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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jun 2007, Volume 40 N. 6 Pages 831 - 837

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En | ePDF: En

Sepsis and its complications are the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units, accounting for 10-50% of deaths. Intensive care unit survivors present long-term cognitive impairment, including alterations in memory, attention, concentration, and/or global loss of cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated behavioral alterations in sepsis-surviving rats. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats (3-4 months, 250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and 44 were submitted to sham operation. Forty-four rats (40%) survived after CLP, and all sham-operated animals survived and were used as control. Twenty animals of each group were used in the object recognition task (10 in short-term memory and 10 in long-term memory), 12 in the plus-maze test and 12 in the forced swimming test. Ten days after surgery, the animals were submitted individually to an object recognition task, plus-maze and forced swimming tests. A significant impairment of short- and long-term recognition memory was observed in the sepsis group (recognition index 0.75 vs 0.55 and 0.74 vs 0.51 for short- and long-term memory, respectively (P < 0.05). In the elevated plus-maze test no difference was observed between groups in any of the parameters assessed. In addition, sepsis survivors presented an increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test (180 vs 233 s, P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of depressive-like symptoms in these animals after recovery from sepsis. The present results demonstrated that rats surviving exposure to CLP, a classical sepsis model, presented recognition memory impairment and depressive-like symptoms but not anxiety-like behavior.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2007000600013 3204 downloads

10.

Composição corporal e exigências nutricionais de macrominerais para novilhas em crescimento das raças Guzerá e Holandesa
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Rabelo, L.S.; Borges, A.L.C.C.; Gonçalves, L.C.; Machado, G.S.; Delgado, L.P.; Ferreira, J.J.C.; Borges, I.; Rodriguez, N.M.; Graça, D.S.; Saliba, E.O.S..

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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apr 2007, Volume 59 N. 2 Pages 395 - 405

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: Pt | ePDF: Pt

Twenty-two heifers, 11 Holstein and 11 Guzera, with initial live weight (LW) of 189kg were used in this study. Six animals of each breed were slaughtered (treatment R), and two groups of five animals of each breed were fed ad libitum diet of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) hay, ground corn, soybean meal and mixture minerals, for a daily gain of 1kg. The animals were slaughtered after reaching weight gain of 100kg. All tissues were weighted and representative samples were taken from the ninth to eleventh rib, and analyzed for body contents of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K. The body composition and the mineral requirements for a 1kg LW daily weight gain were determined. Decreases in the concentration of macrominerals in the empty body weight and in carcass weight gain were related to LW increased. No differences among breeds for macrominerals were observed. The Ca, P, Mg, Na and K dietary requirements for animals of 200kg of LW were 11.57; 5.97; 0.36; 1.30 and 0.86g/day, respectively.

Foram utilizadas 22 novilhas, 11 da raça Holandesas e 11 da Guzerá, com peso vivo (PV) inicial de 189kg. Após o abate inicial de seis animais de cada raça, outros dois grupos, cinco animais de cada raça, passaram a receber dieta à base de feno de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), milho, farelo de soja e mistura mineral, para ganho diário de 1kg de peso vivo (PV). O abate final ocorreu após ganho de peso de 100kg. Durante os dois abates, todos os tecidos foram pesados e amostrados, retirando-se como amostra representativa da carcaça entre a nona e a décima primeira costela para determinação dos conteúdos corporais de Ca, P, Mg, Na e K. Determinaram-se a composição corporal e as exigências nutricionais desses minerais para ganho de 1kg de PV. Houve decréscimo na concentração dos cinco macrominerais no peso de corpo vazio e no peso ganho com a elevação do PV. Não houve diferença entre as raças quanto às exigências nutricionais dos macrominerais. As exigências dietéticas totais de Ca, P, Mg, Na e K para animais de 200kg de PV foram de 11,57; 5,97; 0,36; 1,30 e 0,86g/dia, respectivamente.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352007000200021 2046 downloads

11.

Endothelin-1 receptors play a minor role in the protection against acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice
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Roffê, E.; Souza, A.L.S.; Machado, P.P.; Barcelos, L.S.; Romanha, A.J.; Mariano, F.S.; Silva, J.S.; Machado, C.R.; Tanowitz, H.B.; Teixeira, M.M..

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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mar 2007, Volume 40 N. 3 Pages 391 - 399

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En | ePDF: En

Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of cardiovascular disability in countries where it is endemic. Damage to the heart microvasculature has been proposed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of heart dysfunction. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and exerts its effects via specific ET A and ET B receptors. A few studies have suggested a role for ET-1 and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease. We investigated the effects of treatment with bosentan, an ET A/ET B receptor antagonist, on the course of T. cruzi infection (Y strain) in C57Bl/6 mice. Treatment with bosentan (100 mg kg-1 day-1) was given per os starting day 0 after infection until sacrifice. Bosentan significantly increased myocardial inflammation, with no effects on parasitemia. Although the total number of nests was similar, a lower number of intact amastigote nests was found in the heart of bosentan-treated animals. Bosentan failed to affect the infection-associated increase in the cardiac levels of the cytokines IFN-g and TNF-a and the chemokines CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1a and CCL5/RANTES. In vitro, pre-incubation with ET-1 (0.1 µM) 4 h before infection enhanced the uptake of the parasites by peritoneal macrophages, and this effect was abrogated when macrophages were pre-treated with bosentan (1 µM) 15 min before incubation with ET-1. However, ET-1 did not alter killing of intracellular parasites after 48 h of in vitro infection. Our data suggest that bosentan-treated mice have a delay in controlling parasitism which is compensated for exacerbated inflammation. Infection is eventually controlled in these animals and lethality is unchanged, demonstrating that ET-1 plays a minor role in the protection against acute murine T. cruzi infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2006005000081 1712 downloads

12.

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in human erythrocytes exposed to colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro
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Ferreira, A.L.A.; Machado, P.E.A.; Matsubara, L.S..

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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jun 1999, Volume 32 N. 6 Pages 689 - 694

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En | ePDF: En

The free form of the iron ion is one of the strongest oxidizing agents in the cellular environment. The effect of iron at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µM Fe3+) on the normal human red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant system was evaluated in vitro by measuring total (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reductase (GSH-Rd) activities. Membrane lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The RBC were incubated with colloidal iron hydroxide and phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.45, at 37oC, for 60 min. For each assay, the results for the control group were: a) GSH = 3.52 ± 0.27 µM/g Hb; b) GSSG = 0.17 ± 0.03 µM/g Hb; c) GSH-Px = 19.60 ± 1.96 IU/g Hb; d) GSH-Rd = 3.13 ± 0.17 IU/g Hb; e) catalase = 394.9 ± 22.8 IU/g Hb; f) SOD = 5981 ± 375 IU/g Hb. The addition of 1 to 100 µM Fe3+ had no effect on the parameters analyzed. No change in TBARS levels was detected at any of the iron concentrations studied. Oxidative stress, measured by GSH kinetics over time, occurs when the RBC are incubated with colloidal iron hydroxide at concentrations higher than 10 µM of Fe3+. Overall, these results show that the intact human RBC is prone to oxidative stress when exposed to Fe3+ and that the RBC has a potent antioxidant system that can minimize the potential damage caused by acute exposure to a colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1999000600004 7069 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Histoplasmose do sistema nervoso central aspectos clínicos em oito pacientes: clinical features in eight patients
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Machado, L.R.; Nóbrega, J.P.S.; Livramento, J.A.; Vianna, L.S.; Spin A-França, A..

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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jun 1993, Volume 51 N. 2 Pages 209 - 212

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: Pt | ePDF: Pt

Clinical approach has been made in eight patients with histoplasmosis of the central nervous system. All patients had no evidence of immunodepression. Time disease at diagnosis ranged from 6 to 108 months (median 36 months). Main signs and symptoms were: intracranial hypertension in 6 patients; impairment of memory in 4; confusion in 4; seizures in 2; urinary incontinence in 2; sexual impotency in 1. Meningoencephalitic form was present in 6 patients, while the granulomatous form was found in 2. Diagnostic confirmation was based on: biopsy, in 1 case; necropsy, in 2 cases; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sediment culture, in 1; detection of antibodies against Histoplasma capsulatum in the CSF, in 5 ciases. There was, in all patients, an expresive difference between CSF alterations (intense, merging acute and chronic phase elements) and clinical symptomatology (patients in general oligosymptomatic).

Foram estudados oito pacientes com histoplasmose do sistema nervoso central, nenhum deles com sinais clínicos ou laboratoriais de imunodepressão. O tempo de doença por ocasião do diagnóstico variava entre 6 e 108 meses (mediana 36 meses). Principais sinais e sintomas encontrados: síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana, em 6 pacientes; déficit de memória, em 4; confusão mental, em 4; convulsões, em 2; paraparesia ou paraplegia crural, em 2; incontinência urinária, em 2; impotência sexual, em 1. A forma meningoencefalítica foi encontrada em 6 pacientes e a granulomatosa, em 2. O diagnóstico foi feito: por biópsia em 1 caso; por necrópsia, em 2; através de cultura do sedimento do LCR em meio de Sa-bounaud, em 1; através da detecção de anticorpos a, Histoplasma capsulatum no LCR, em 5. Foi observada profunda discrepância entre as alterações detectadas ao exame de LCR (intensas, com elementos de fase aguda mesclados a elementos de fase crônica) e o quadro clínico por ocasião do diagnóstico (pacientes em geral oligossintomáticos).

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X1993000200010

14.

Histoplasmose do sistema nervoso central: estudo do líquido cefalorraqueano em 8 pacientes
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Livramento, J.A.; Machado, L.R.; Nóbrega, J.P.S.; Vianna, L.S.; Spina-França, A..

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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mar 1993, Volume 51 N. 1 Pages 80 - 86

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: Pt

One hundred and thirteen samples of CSP from eight patients with chronic meningitis were studied in a 12 years period (September, 1980 - August, 1992). None of them had AIDS. In all, CNS histoplasmosis diagnosis was made by CSF examination. All eases, tested positive for antibodies to Histoplasma capsulatum in CSF; in one case the yeast gro-wed in Sabouraud culture in three different occasions. The main findings in CSF by the time of the diagnosis were: moderate hypercytosis marked by lymphocytes and monocytes, neutrophils-being present and in some cases eosinophil cells; moderate increase of total proteins content; decrease in the glucose content; and moderate increase of gamma globulins sometimes with oligoclonal reaction. Patients were followed-up from 7 to 102 months, and periodically submitted to CSF examinations according to clinics. Cell number and total protein content of CSF showed marked episodes of exarcebation in the follow-up, with a dissociated profile favoring total protein content which got higher with the chronification of the disease. Changes in the CSF pattern with treatment were: rapid decrease of hypercytosis; disappearence of neutrophil and eosinophil cells; increase in glucose content; and slow reduction of the increased contents of total proteins and gamma globulins.

Foram estudadas 113 amostras de LCR de 8 pacientes no período compreendido entre setembro-1980 e agosto-1992. Todos os pacientes apresentavam quadro clínico e do LCR compatível a processo meningoencefalitico de evolução protraída. Nenhum deles apresentava a síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida. Em todos foi feito o diagnóstico de histoplasmose do SNC; em todos foram detectados anticorpos a Histoplasma capsulatum no LCR; em um foi isolada a levedura por cultura em meio de Sabouraud. As principais características do LCR por ocasião do diagnóstico foram: pleocitose moderada com predomínio de células lin-fomononucleadas porém com presença de neutrófilos e por vezes eosinófilos; hiperproteinor-raquia moderada; hipoglicorraquia; aumento moderado do teor de globulinas gama. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante períodos que variaram de 7 a 102 meses e submetidos a exames periódicos de LCR, em função da sintomatologia clínica. O número de células do LCR e a concentração de proteínas totais apresentaram evolução caracterizada pela ocorrência de episódios de exacerbação com perfil parcialmente dissociado, favorecendo as proteínas. As concentrações de glicose eram moderadamente baixas sendo os menores valores coincidentes aos períodos de exarcebação do número de células. Os teores de globulinas gama apresentaram também oscilações, porém menos evidentes. Submetidos os pacientes a tratamento eficaz, ocorreu no LCR: rápida diminuição do número de células; aumento da taxa de glicose; lento decréscimo dos aumentos de proteínas e de globulinas gama.

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