Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Inga vera (Ingá) and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Timbaúva) as facilitating species and their species-specific interaction on the restoration of a degraded and protected area in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We surveyed the natural regeneration occurred under the canopies of 50 I. vera and E. contortisiliquum individuals, considering tree and shrub species with heights ≥ 30 cm and collar diameter ≥ 0.3 cm and < 10 cm. We found 756 individuals under I. vera and 166 individuals under E. contortisiliquum. The study revealed that, despite corresponding to 19% of the total species found, the exotic species comprises 43.6% under I. vera and 11% under E. contortisiliquum. The I. vera presented a more significant number of species and individuals under its canopies when compared to E. contortisiliquum and the reference area.

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo promover, observar e descrever o processo de reestruturação do Conselho Gestor do Parque Natural Morro do Osso (PNMO), o qual foi desmobilizado na última década. Para tal, foram utilizadas metodologias de diagnóstico participativo (DRP) e os dados foram analisados pelo software QSRInternacional. Como resultado, foi possível verificar falhas de informação e liderança no processo de construção do conselho gestor que geraram desmotivação dos integrantes levando à sua desagregação. Contudo, percebeu-se o potencial para uma mobilização e reestruturação, quando o processo colaborativo foi estruturado por uma liderança que permitiu mobilizar as partes interessadas para impulsionar a colaboração e estender o escopo no conselho do (PNMO). Assim, conclui-se que o Conselho Gestor deve estar em um ativismo contínuo e seus membros precisam estar em constante preparo como articuladores nos diversos espaços referentes à Unidade de Conservação.

Abstract This work aimed to promote, observe and describe the restructuring process of the Morro do Osso Nature Park Management Council (PNMO). To that end the study used participatory diagnostic methodologies and the data were analysed using QSR International software. As a result, it was possible to verify information and leadership failures in the process of construction of the management council that generated demotivation of the members leading to their disaggregation. However, the potential for mobilization and restructuring was identified provided the collaborative process is structured by a leadership that mobilizes stakeholders to drive collaboration and extend the scope of the (PNMO) council. In conclusion, the Management Council must engage in a continuous activism and its members must be constantly prepared to act as articulators in the various spaces related to the Conservation Unit.

Resumen Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo promover, observar y describir el proceso de reestructuración del Consejo Gestor del Parque Natural Morro do Osso (PNMO) el cual fue desmovilizado en la última década. Para ello, se utilizaron metodologías de diagnóstico participativo (DRP) y los datos fueron analizados por el software QSRInternacional. Como resultado fue posible verificar fallas de información y liderazgo en el proceso de construcción del consejo gestor que generaron desmotivación de los integrantes llevando a su desagregación. Sin embargo, se percibió el potencial para una movilización y reestructuración, cuando el proceso colaborativo fue estructurado por un liderazgo que permitió movilizar a las partes interesadas para impulsar la colaboración y extender el alcance en el consejo del (PNMO). Así, se concluye que el Consejo Gestor debe estar en un activismo continuo y sus miembros necesitan estar en constante preparación como articuladores en los diversos espacios referentes a la Unidad de Conservación.

ABSTRACT The use of a forest seedling bank has been recommended as an alternative to increase species richness in forest nurseries, as well as to produce seedlings of species that are diffi cult to propagate, especially those that belong to the late secondary and climax successional groups, which are not as commercially available. However, little is known about the impact of this method on forest dynamics. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the resilience and dynamics of a seedling bank in a remnant of a subtropical seasonal forest belonging to the Atlantic Forest Biome when subjected to different intensities of seedling removal. The experiment was conducted in a random block design in a factorial scheme (5 × 4), with treatments composed of fi ve intensities of removal of individuals from the seedling bank and the four seasons. The treatments were distributed into 18 blocks and the experimental units were composed of 1 m × 2.5 m plots. The resilience of the seedling community was assessed by examining effects of the fi ve removal intensities. The dynamics between the evaluation periods within each treatment were verifi ed by comparing the number of species and seedlings present before the treatments with those in the other evaluation periods. After one year, we found that tree-shrub vegetation had a partial capacity for restoration after withdrawal of individuals from the seedling bank. Our results show that the impact on the regeneration community can absorb the effects of up to 25% seedling removal. The technique of seedling transplantation may be recommended for species that have abundant regeneration, such as Actinostemon concolor, Eugenia rostrifolia, Trichilia claussenii and Nectandra megapotamica.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução da restauração de duas áreas degradadas em unidade de conservação de proteção integral, no bioma Mata Atlântica, no Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados atributos da composição florística e da estrutura da vegetação, assim como a atividade enzimática do solo (amidase, urease, fosfatase e arilsulfatase), envolvida em processos ecológicos, capazes de caracterizar diferentes áreas em restauração. A vegetação do estrato superior foi amostrada em 18 parcelas de 10 x 20 m em duas áreas recuperadas (A1 e A2) e em 12 parcelas em trecho de floresta utilizada como referência (AR). Nessas parcelas, o componente arbóreo-arbustivo foi medido quanto ao diâmetro, altura e cobertura de copa dos indivíduos, e a regeneração natural foi estudada em subparcelas, através da obtenção do diâmetro do coleto e da altura até 1,0 m. A atividade enzimática foi mensurada por meio da coleta de 10 amostras de solo, nas camadas de 0 a 5 cm e de 5 a 20 cm, em cada área. Os resultados evidenciaram que as áreas em restauração apresentaram menor diversidade (H' = 2,31), em comparação com a área de referência (H' = 3,00), bem como menores valores de área basal, altura e densidade. Conclui-se que a atividade enzimática é um bom indicador para o desenvolvimento em ambas as áreas restauradas, que comparado à área de referência, ocorrerá a longo prazo, indicando a necessidade de manejo de A1 e A2, por meio da eliminação de gramíneas e espécies arbóreas exóticas, fator determinante para o sucesso da restauração.

The present study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the restoration of degraded areas, in full protection conservation unit in the Atlantic Forest biome, in southern Brazil. The evaluated attributes were floristic composition and structure of vegetation and soil enzymatic activity (amidase, urease, phosphatase and arylsulfatase), involved in ecological processes, able to characterize different areas in restoration. The vegetation of the upper stratum was sampled in 18 plots of 10 x 20 m, in two recovered areas (A1 and A2), and in 12 plots in a forest area used as reference (AR). In these plots, the tree-shrub component was measured as for the diameter, height and canopy coverage of individuals and natural regeneration was studied in subplots, through the obtention of the root collar diameter and height. The enzyme activity was measured through the collection of 10 soil samples, in layers ranging from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 20 cm in each area. The results showed that the areas in restoration presented lower diversity (H' = 2.31) when compared to the reference area (H' = 3.00), as well as lowest basal area, height and density. It is concluded that the enzyme activity is a good indicator for the development in both areas restored, which compared to the reference area, will occur in the long term, indicating the need for management of A1 and A2, by eliminating grasses and exotic tree species, the determining factor for the success of the restoration.

Este estudo teve por objetivos analisar a estrutura de grupos florísticos na vegetação arbórea-arbustiva de um trecho de encosta de Floresta Estacional Subtropical, no Parque Estadual Quarta Colônia, RS, e determinar fatores ambientais importantes na ocorrência das espécies, a fim de subsidiar programas de restauração de áreas degradadas como ecossistema de referência. Para isso, foi realizado estudo fitossociológico em 12 parcelas de 200 m² (10 x 20 m), distantes 20 m entre si, distribuídas sistematicamente em quatro faixas de 100 m entre si, seguindo gradiente de topografia. Em cada parcela foram realizadas a identificação e a medição da circunferência à altura do peito (CAP) e da altura total dos indivíduos arbóreos e arbustivos, ou seja, com CAP > 15 cm, denominado componente arbóreo. Os dados do sub-bosque foram obtidos em parcelas circulares com raio de 1,78 m, instaladas no centro das parcelas de 10 x 20 m, medindo-se indivíduos com altura > 30 cm e CAP <15 cm. As variáveis ambientais foram compostas pela declividade, pela intensidade luminosa, pelas características químicas e textura do solo. Os dados foram analisados segundo a estrutura e diversidade da vegetação por meio da análise de agrupamento pelo método TWINSPAN (Two-way Indicator Species Analysis) e da ordenação pelo método CCA (Análise de Correspondência Canônica). Foi identificada a formação de dois grupos florísticos. A composição de espécies de cada grupo pertence a diferentes estágios de sucessão natural, conforme histórico de uso agrícola, e, segundo suas características funcionais, podem ser indicadas para programas de restauração florestal.

The objective of this study was to determine floristic groups of the shrub-tree vegetation strata of an excerpt from Forest Subtropical Deciduous slope in Parque Estadual Quarta Colônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to analyze their structure and to determine key environmental factors for plant species occurrence, in order to provide restoration programs of of degraded areas as reference ecosystem. A phytosociological survey was carried out for vegetation analysis on 12 plots of 200 m² (10 x 20 m), systematically distributed on a topography gradient at 20 m interval, systematically distributed on four tracks of 100 m between them, following the gradient of topography. In each plot, it species was identified and it was measured circumference at breast height (CAP) and overall height of tree individuals, represented by those with CAP 115 cm, named upper stratum. Understory strata information was obtained on circular plots of a radius of 1.78 m, set up in the center of 10 x 20 m plots, from individuals with height 30 and CAP<15 cm. Environmental variables were steepness, light intensity and soil chemistry and texture. Data analyses of vegetation structure and diversity were evaluated by using TWINSPAN and environmental correlations of floristic composition by using CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis). It was identified two groups, with species composition belonging to different stages of natural succession, suggesting differences of agricultural land use history and soil chemical characteristics. For that, some species may be indicated in forest restoration programs.