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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Guideline for the use of immunobiologicals in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Brazil
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Anselmo-Lima, Wilma T.

; Tamashiro, Edwin

; Romano, Fabrizio R.

; Miyake, Marcel M.

; Roithmann, Renato

; Kosugi, Eduardo M.

; Nakanishi, Márcio

; Fornazieri, Marco A.

; Bezerra, Thiago F.P.

; Mello Jr., João F.

; Lessa, Marcus M.

; Voegels, Richard L.

; Piltcher, Otávio B.

; Sakano, Eulalia

; Valera, Fabiana C.P.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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jun 2022, Volume 88 N. 3 Pages 471 - 480

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais grave não controlada impacta negativamente na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Para esses casos, novos imunobiológicos têm surgido, para uso em fenótipos específicos da rinossinusite crônica, e mudaram os paradigmas de seu tratamento. Objetivo Revisar o estado atual das indicações de imunobiológicos em rinossinusite crônica. Método A Academia Brasileira de Rinologia reuniu diferentes especialistas para sugerir uma conduta que considerasse suas particularidades e seus aspectos relacionados à realidade nacional. Resultados De particular interesse para a tomada de decisão serão a identificação dos subgrupos de pacientes refratários às opções de tratamento pré-existentes e a construção de uma estratégia que realmente melhore a qualidade de vida deles, dentro da melhor relação custo-benefício. Conclusão O uso de imunobiológicos é uma opção válida para tratamento em casos mais graves. Essa estratégia deve ser mais bem compreendida e aprimorada no futuro, com mais estudos e maior experiência clínica.

Abstract Introduction Severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a negative impact on an individual’s quality of life. Therefore, new biologics have emerged for use in specific phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis, changing the paradigms of its treatment. Objective To review the current status of biologic treatment indications in chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods The Brazilian Academy of Rhinology brought together different specialists to suggest a course of action, considering its particularities and aspects related to the national reality. Results Of particular interest for decision making will be the identification of subgroups of patients refractory to pre-existing treatment options and the construction of a strategy that improves their quality of life, with the best cost-benefit ratio. Conclusion The use of biologics is a valid option for treatment in more severe cases. This strategy must be better understood and improved in the future, with more studies and greater clinical experience.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.03.003

Art and science: impact of semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral singing on quality of life in subjects with congenital GH deficiency
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Andrade, Bruna M. R. de

; Valença, Eugenia H. O.

; Salvatori, Roberto

; Oliveira Neto, Luiz A.

; Souza, Anita H. O.

; Oliveira, Alaíde H. A.

; Oliveira, Mario C.P.

; Melo, Enaldo V.

; Carvalho, Susana de

; Sales, Neuza J

; Monteiro, Gisane C.

; Lima, José Marcel de

; Annunziato, Marcos Felipe Harder

; Mannis, Guilherme Daniel Breternitz

; Souza, Lucas E. de A.

; Goes, Yasmin D.

; Carvalho, Thayza S.

; Farias, Celiane de

; Santos, Michela P. dos

; Cardoso, Gabriela P. F.

; Sousa, Carla S. Pereira

; Santana, Julia Rodrigues

; Sales, Ester Almeida

; d’Avila, Jeferson Sampaio

; Aguiar-Oliveira, Manuel H.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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apr 2022, Volume 66 N. 2 Pages 198 - 205

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000449

Appraising the effectiveness of electrical and magnetic brain stimulation techniques in acute major depressive episodes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
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Razza, Laís B.

; Afonso dos Santos, Leonardo

; Borrione, Lucas

; Bellini, Helena

; Branco, Luis C.

; Cretaz, Eric

; Duarte, Dante

; Ferrão, Ygor

; Galhardoni, Ricardo

; Quevedo, João

; Simis, Marcel

; Fregni, Felipe

; Correll, Christoph U.

; Padberg, Frank

; Trevizol, Alisson

; Daskalakis, Zafiris J.

; Carvalho, Andre F.

; Solmi, Marco

; Brunoni, André R.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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oct 2021, Volume 43 N. 5 Pages 514 - 524

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Electrical and magnetic brain stimulation techniques present distinct mechanisms and efficacy in the acute treatment of depression. This was an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of brain stimulation techniques for managing acute major depressive episodes. A systematic review was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE databases from inception until March 2020. We included the English language meta-analysis with the most randomized controlled trials on the effects of any brain stimulation technique vs. control in adults with an acute depressive episode. Continuous and dichotomous outcomes were assessed. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2 was applied and the credibility of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Seven meta-analyses were included (5,615 patients), providing evidence for different modalities of brain stimulation techniques. Three meta-analyses were evaluated as having high methodological quality, three as moderate, and one as low. The highest quality of evidence was found for high frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation, and bilateral rTMS. There is strong clinical research evidence to guide future clinical use of some techniques. Our results confirm the heterogeneity of the effects across these techniques, indicating that different mechanisms of action lead to different efficacy profiles.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1169 306 downloads

Monitoring Glyphosate- and Chlorimuron- resistant Conyza spp. Populations in Brazil
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MENDES, RAFAEL R.

; TAKANO, HUDSON K.

; GONÇALVES NETTO, ACÁCIO

; PICOLI JUNIOR, GILMAR J.

; CAVENAGHI, ANDERSON L.

; SILVA, VANESSA F.V.

; NICOLAI, MARCELO

; CHRISTOFFOLETI, PEDRO J.

; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, RUBEM S. DE

; MELO, MARCEL S.C. DE

; OVEJERO, RAMIRO F. LOPEZ

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 1 elocation e20190425

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Conyza species are important weeds in global agriculture, especially due to their capacity to evolve resistance to multiple herbicide mechanisms of action. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of resistance to glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl in Conyza spp. populations from Brazil. Seed samples were collected from grain production areas across nine Brazilian states over five consecutive years (2014 to 2018). Prior to resistance monitoring trials, dose-response assays were conducted to determine a single dose of glyphosate or chlorimuron-ethyl to discriminate resistant and susceptible populations. Resistance monitoring based on plant responses to the application of discriminatory doses of glyphosate (960 g ha-1) or chlorimuron-ethyl (20 g ha-1). Populations were classified as resistant, moderately resistant, or susceptible to either herbicide. While glyphosate resistance was highly frequent (71.2%) in all the five years, chlorimuron-ethyl resistant populations occurred at 39.8% of the total. The frequency of multiple resistance to both herbicides (35.3%) was proportional to the occurrence of chlorimuron-ethyl resistance (39.6%). Resistance to glyphosate and to chlorimuron-ethyl were found across all states evaluated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190425 562 downloads

Inclusion of industrial egg residue in the feed of laying hens to replace limestone: digestibility, productive performance and egg quality
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BARRETA, MAURICIO

; BOIAGO, MARCEL M.

; ZAMPAR, ALINE

; FORTUOSO, BRUNO F.

; GEBERT, ROGER R.

; ROSCAMP, EDUARDO

; OLIVEIRA, ROSILENE C.

; DALIANE, JÉSSICA D.

; KOLM, MARINDIA

; GALLI, GABRIELA M.

; SILVA, ALEKSANDRO S. DA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 4 elocation e20190769

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Our objective was to determine whether inclusion of industrial egg residue (IER) in the diets of laying hens would replace calcitic limestone without interfering with productive efficiency, egg quality or digestibility. In a first study (Experiment I), we used 30% IER in the diets of laying hens and found that the apparent digestibility coefficients were 51.6%, 42.8%, 51.6% and 17.8% for dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, respectively. In the second study (Experiment II), we compared a control diet containing calcitic limestone with four diets containing increasing levels of IER, in proportions of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. During the first cycle (day 1–28), there was no difference between treatments in terms of productive performance or egg quality. During the second production cycle (day 29–56), we observed less food consumption by birds that ingested the highest levels of IER (100% substitution) than in controls. During the third cycle (day 57–84), we found that the inclusion of IER negatively affected performance, particularly lower production numbers, lower egg mass and higher feed conversion. Finally, during the third cycle, chickens broke and ingested their eggs shortly after laying. We conclude that the use of industrial egg residue cannot replace limestone in the feed of commercial laying hens, because it reduces performance and affects egg quality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190769 93 downloads

La microbiota del tracto digestivo de camarones peneidos: una perspectiva histórica y estado del arte
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Garibay-Valdez, Estefanía

; Martínez-Porchas, Marcel

; Calderón, Kadiya

; Gollas-Galván, Teresa

; Martínez-Córdova, Luis R.

; Vargas-Albores, Francisco

; Arvayo, Miguel A.

Biotecnia

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2020, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 5 - 16

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The digestive tract microbiota is diverse and can provide great benefits to the host, participating in multiple functions related to its health, nutrition and growth. Recently, the microbiota study of important aquaculture species including penaeid shrimp has gained relevance. The first research efforts in the knowledge of the relationship between microorganisms and penaeid shrimp development used culture-dependent techniques. In spite of the novel findings, this represented only a small fraction of the total population; however, these first approaches allowed knowing the relevant role of microbiota in the biology of these crustaceans. Later, the development of methods based on molecular techniques, increased the panorama with new records of non-culturable bacteria in these environments, elucidating the effect of diverse factors including diet, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and disease on the digestive tract microbiota modulation. However, the rise of high throughput sequencing, began providing robust datasets, allowing to know not only which microbes are present in a given organism, but reveal their functions and potential roles. So far, descriptions of the microbiota composition of the digestive tract of penaeid shrimp are available, as well as on how the management of these microorganisms benefits the productive response and health status; however, it is necessary to continue comprehending the microbiota-host relationship. The present review analyzes the current situation and future perspectives in the study of penaeid shrimp microbiota

Resumen La microbiota del tracto digestivo es diversa y provee grandes beneficios al hospedero; participando en múltiples funciones relacionadas con su estado de salud, nutrición y crecimiento. Recientemente ha cobrado relevancia el estudio del papel de la microbiota en organismos de importancia acuícola, incluyendo a camarones peneidos. Los estudios pioneros en conocer la relación de los microorganismos en el desarrollo de camarones peneidos utilizaron técnicas dependientes de cultivo. A pesar de los novedosos hallazgos, esto representó solo una pequeña fracción del total de la población; sin embargo, estas primeras aproximaciones permitieron vislumbrar el rol relevante de la microbiota en la biología de estos crustáceos. Más tarde, el desarrollo de métodos basados en técnicas moleculares extendió el panorama con nuevos registros de bacterias no cultivables en estos ambientes, elucidando el efecto de diversos factores incluyendo dieta, antibióticos, probióticos, prebióticos y enfermedades sobre la modulación de la microbiota del tracto digestivo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de técnicas de secuenciación masiva de alto rendimiento, comenzó a proporcionar bases de datos más robustas, permitiendo conocer no solo qué microorganismos están presentes en un organismo dado, sino también conocer sus funciones y roles potenciales. Hasta el momento se cuenta con descripciones de la composición de la microbiota del tracto digestivo de camarones peneidos y del como el manejo de estos microorganimos tiene beneficios en la respuesta productiva y estado de salud; sin embargo, es necesario continuar comprendiendo la relación microbiota-hospedero. La presente revisión analiza la situación actual y plantea las perspectivas futuras para el estudio de la microbiota de camarones peneidos.

https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v22i1.1119 3239 downloads

Effect of adding vegetable substrates on Penaeus vannamei pre-grown in biofloc system on shrimp performance, water quality and biofloc composition
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Peiro-Alcantar, Cecilia

; Rivas-Vega, Martha E.

; Martínez-Porchas, Marcel

; Lizárraga-Armenta, Jesús A.

; Miranda-Baeza, Anselmo

; Martínez-Córdova, Luis R.

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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nov 2019, Volume 47 N. 5 Pages 784 - 790

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The effect of adding vegetable substrates: wheat bran (WB), oat bran (OB) and amaranth seeds (AS) on water quality, biofloc composition and production response of Penaeus vannamei intensively pregrown, was evaluated during five weeks. Water quality parameters (temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) were monitored twice a day; nitrogenous compounds (TAN, NO2-N, NO3-N) and the total suspended solids (TSS), were recorded weekly. Weight gain and survival of juveniles were monitored each week. Chemical proximate composition of biofloc and content of heterotrophic bacteria were recorded at the end of the trial. No significant differences were observed for any of the water quality parameters or nitrogenous compounds. The TSS was higher in treatments with substrates compared to the control. The treatment WB showed the highest content of heterotrophic bacteria. Organic matter in the bioflocs ranged from 58.3 to 62.4%, proteins from 33.4 to 37.6%, lipids from 0.4 to 0.5% and carbohydrates from 17.1 to 25.5%, without significant differences in any of them among treatments. The mean final weight varied from 1.10 to 1.38 g, and specific growth rate from 5.83 to 6.43% d−1, with the highest values in treatment OB. Final survival ranged from 93.7 to 98.8% without significant differences among treatments and the control. The feed conversion ratio varied from 0.92 to 1.20 with the lowest value in OB compared to the control. The results suggest that supplementation of substrates does not have a negative effect on water quality, but have positive effects on the productive response of shrimp during their pre-grown, being oat bran the most adequate.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol47-issue5-fulltext-7 654 downloads

Sympatho-Vagal Imbalance is Associated with Sarcopenia in Male Patients with Heart Failure
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Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da

; Santos, Marcelo Rodrigues dos

; Souza, Francis Ribeiro de

; Costa, Marcel Jose A. da

; Haehling, Stephan von

; Takayama, Liliam

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Negrão, Carlos Eduardo

; Anker, Stefan D.

; Alves, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jun 2019, Volume 112 N. 6 Pages 739 - 746

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: Hiperatividade simpática de repouso e uma reativação parassimpática diminuída pós-exercício têm sido descritas em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC). No entanto, a associação dessas alterações autonômicas em pacientes com IC sarcopênicos ainda não são conhecidas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da modulação autonômica sobre sarcopenia em pacientes com IC do sexo masculino. Métodos: Foram estudados 116 pacientes com IC e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda inferior a 40%. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao teste de exercício cardiopulmonar máximo. A frequência cardíaca máxima foi registrada, e o delta de recuperação da frequência cardíaca (∆RFC) foi avaliado no primeiro e no segundo minuto após o exercício. A atividade nervosa simpática muscular (ANSM) foi registrada por microneurografia. A Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia foi usada para medir composição cpororal, e a sarcopenia definida como a soma da massa muscular apendicular (MMA) dividida pela altura em metros ao quadrado e força da mão. Resultados: A sarcopenia foi identificada em 33 pacientes (28%). Os pacientes com sarcopenia apresentaram maior ANSM que aqueles sem sarcopenia - 47 (41-52) vs. 40 (34-48) impulsos (bursts)/min, p = 0,028). Pacientes sarcopênicos apresentaram ∆RFC mais baixo no primeiro [15 (10-21) vs. 22 (16-30) batimentos/min, p < 0,001) e no segundo [25 (19-39) vs. 35 (24-48) batimentos/min, p = 0,017) minuto que pacientes não sarcopênicos. Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre a MMA e a ANSM (r = -0,29; p = 0,003). Conclusão: Um desequilíbrio simpático-vagal parece estar associado com sarcopenia em pacientes com IC do sexo masculino. Esses resultados destacam a importância de uma abordagem terapêutica em pacientes com perda muscular e fluxo simpático periférico aumentado.

Abstract Background: Resting sympathetic hyperactivity and impaired parasympathetic reactivation after exercise have been described in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the association of these autonomic changes in patients with HF and sarcopenia is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of autonomic modulation on sarcopenia in male patients with HF. Methods: We enrolled 116 male patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%. All patients underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Maximal heart rate was recorded and delta heart rate recovery (∆HRR) was assessed at 1st and 2nd minutes after exercise. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded by microneurography. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition and sarcopenia was defined by the sum of appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM) divided by height in meters squared and handgrip strength. Results: Sarcopenia was identified in 33 patients (28%). Patients with sarcopenia had higher MSNA than those without (47 [41-52] vs. 40 [34-48] bursts/min, p = 0.028). Sarcopenic patients showed lower ∆HRR at 1st (15 [10-21] vs. 22 [16-30] beats/min, p < 0.001) and 2nd min (25 [19-39] vs. 35 [24-48] beats/min, p = 0.017) than non-sarcopenic. There was a positive correlation between ALM and ∆HRR at 1st (r = 0.26, p = 0.008) and 2nd min (r = 0.25, p = 0.012). We observed a negative correlation between ALM and MSNA (r = -0.29, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Sympatho-vagal imbalance seems to be associated with sarcopenia in male patients with HF. These results highlight the importance of a therapeutic approach in patients with muscle wasting and increased peripheral sympathetic outflow.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190061 1464 downloads

10.

Growth and survival of juvenile cauque river prawn Macrobrachium americanum fed with diets containing different protein levels
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Pérez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos

; Yamasaki-Granados, Stig

; García-Guerrero, Marcelo Ulises

; Martínez-Porchas, Marcel

; Méndez-Martínez, Yuniel

; Latournerié-Cervera, José R.

; Cortés-Jacinto, Edilmar

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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jul 2018, Volume 46 N. 3 Pages 534 - 542

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The effect of five diets with different crude protein levels (27, 33, 38, 43, and 48%) on growth and survival of Macrobrachium americanum prawns was determined. Optimum dietary protein level was also calculated. Specimens were collected in the Coyuca River, Guerrero, Mexico, and classified into seven weight groups with 0.67 g intervals amplitude. Five diets with different levels of crude protein were formulated and supplied to individuals of the seven weight groups as an experimental treatment. Weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), food intake (FI), protein intake (PI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), food conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) were calculated weekly along the 70 days experiment. A quadratic model was fitted to weekly mean weight gain and to WG% rates data to estimate protein requirement for every week of the experiment and weight group. A mortality model was also fitted to mortality data to compare mortality trend among the different experimental diets. 33% protein level resulted in the best treatment because of the parameters calculated, cost to produce and survival trend. Weekly optimum level of protein calculus varied on a range from 39.4 to 43.3% and optimal crude protein percentage for the seven weight ranges was between 49% for smaller prawns (0.248-0.918 g) and 35.7% for the larger prawns (4.271-4.940 g). Thus, it is recommended juvenile feeding prawns with different crude protein levels while the culture time elapses to achieve the maximum weight gain.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol46-issue3-fulltext-6 441 downloads

11.

Hyphenated LC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS identification of halogenated metabolites in South African marine ascidian extracts
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Bromley, Candice L.

; Raab, Andrea

; Parker-Nance, Shirley

; Beukes, Denzil R.

; Jaspars, Marcel

; Davies-Coleman, Michael T.

South African Journal of Chemistry

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2018, Volume 71 Pages 111 - 117

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Extracts of 13 species of marine ascidian collected in Algoa Bay were analyzed by LC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS. This technique allows parallel analysis of the molecular species and the presence of certain elements. The LC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS technique was used to target iodinated metabolites in this study. Three ascidian species afforded the known 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (12), which was confirmedby the isolation of this metabolite from Aplidium monile. MS also suggested the presence of the known 3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (10) and the new 3-bromo-5-iodo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (11)inthe A. monile extract. The presence of the known 3,5-dibromotetramethyltyrosine (21) and the new 3-iodotetramethyltyrosine (23) in extracts of an unidentified Didemnum species was similarly proposed from MS evidence. This is the first report of the occurrence of iodinated metabolites in South African marine invertebrates.

https://doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2018/v71a14 589 downloads

12.

DETERMINAÇÃO DE FOSFATO EM REFRIGERANTES UTILIZANDO UM SCANNER DE MESA E ANÁLISE AUTOMATIZADA DE DADOS: UM EXEMPLO DIDÁTICO PARA ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
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Colzani, Heloisa

; Rodrigues, Quethelen Elizabeth Araujo Garcez

; Fogaça, Claudia

; Gelinski, Jane Mary Lafayette Neves

; Pereira-Filho, Edenir R.

; Borges, Endler Marcel

Química Nova

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aug 2017, Volume 40 N. 7 Pages 833 - 839

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

We propose here the quantification of the phosphorus content in cola drinks by molybdenum blue method. Molybdenum blue method was carried out in the wells of a microplate, where method miniaturization represents reduction in reagents required, improved safety, reduced waste stream, and increased sample throughput. The phosphate concentration was determinate using scanned images of the microplate. Extraction of RGB values was carried out using ImageJ, the pugling Readplate was used allowing extraction of RGB values of all wells simultaneously. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is afforded in Google Drive, it organize data taken from ImageJ to afford calibrations curves and phosphate concentration in cola drinks. Calibration curves were prepared at 500-2500 µg L-1 of P with good linearity (R > 0.95). Phosphate concentrations in cola drinks determinate using digital images method are statistically equivalent to concentrations determined using a spectroscopic method at a 95% confidence interval.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170035 2627 downloads

13.

A Brazilian Portuguese cross-cultural adaptation of the modified JOA scale for myelopathy
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Pratali, Raphael R.

; Smith, Justin S.

; Motta, Rodrigo L.N.

; Martins, Samuel M.

; Motta, Marcel M.

; Rocha, Ricardo D.

; Herrero, Carlos Fernando P.S.

Clinics

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feb 2017, Volume 72 N. 2 Pages 103 - 105

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To develop a version of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale that had been translated into Portuguese and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. METHODS: The well-established process of forward-backward translation was employed along with cross-cultural adaptation. RESULTS: Three bilingual translators (English and native Portuguese) performed the forward translation of the mJOA scale from English to Portuguese based on iterative discussions used to reach a consensus translation. The translated version of the mJOA scale was then back-translated into English by a native English-speaking translator unaware of the concepts involved with the mJOA scale. The original mJOA scale and the back-translated version were compared by a native North American neurosurgeon, and as they were considered equivalent, the final version of the mJOA scale that had been translated into Portuguese and cross-culturally adapted was defined. CONCLUSION: To facilitate global and cross-cultural comparisons of the severity of cervical myelopathy, this study presents a version of the mJOA scale that was translated into Portuguese and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(02)06 756 downloads

14.

SEAmester - South Africa's first class afloat
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Ansorge, Isabelle J.

; Brundrit, Geoff

; Brundrit, Jean

; Dorrington, Rosemary

; Fawcett, Sarah

; Gammon, David

; Henry, Tahlia

; Hermes, Juliet

; Hölscher, Beate

; d'Hotman, Jethan

; Meiklejohn, Ian

; Morris, Tammy

; Pinto, Izidine

; du Plessis, Marcel

; Roman, Raymond

; Saunders, Clinton

; Shabangu, Fannie W.

; Vos, Marc de

; Walker, David R.

; Louw, Gavin

South African Journal of Science

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oct 2016, Volume 112 N. 9-10 Pages 1 - 4

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/a0171 454 downloads

15.

General aspects of muscle glucose uptake
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ALVIM, RAFAEL O.

; CHEUHEN, MARCEL R.

; MACHADO, SILMARA R.

; SOUSA, ANDRÉ GUSTAVO P.

; SANTOS, PAULO C.J.L.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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mar 2015, Volume 87 N. 1 Pages 351 - 368

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A captação de glicose nos tecidos periféricos é dependente da translocação dos transportadores de glicose GLUT4 para a membrana plasmática. Estudos mostram a existência de duas principais vias de sinalização que induzem à translocação do GLUT4. A primeira e amplamente investigada é a via de sinalização ativada pela insulina por meio do substrato 1 do receptor de insulina e fosfatidilinositol-3-quinase. A segunda é a via de sinalização independente da insulina que é ativada, principalmente, pela contração muscular. Indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresentam uma redução na captação de glicose estimulada pela insulina devido à resistência insulínica. Contudo, esses indivíduos geralmente apresentam captação de glicose normal durante o exercício. Neste contexto, o exercício físico é, reconhecidamente, uma das intervenções mais importantes na estimulação da captação de glicose por vias insulino-independentes, cujas principais moléculas envolvidas são: proteína quinase ativada por adenosina monofosfato, óxido nítrico, bradicinina, AKT, espécies reativas de oxigênio e cálcio. Nesta revisão, os objetivos são: destacar as particularidades das diferentes vias de captação de glicose e relatar os efeitos do exercício físico, da dieta e de medicamentos sobre o funcionamento das mesmas. Também, entender molecularmente a importância do exercício físico e da dieta na homeostase glicêmica e, avaliar à ação de fármacos que melhoram a captação de glicose, o que é um importante ponto na eficácia do controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos, bem como esclarecer alguns mecanismos que justificam o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos com fins de mimetizar a via contração muscular.

Glucose uptake in peripheral tissues is dependent on the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. Studies have shown the existence of two major signaling pathways that lead to the translocation of GLUT4. The first, and widely investigated, is the insulin activated signaling pathway through insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The second is the insulin-independent signaling pathway, which is activated by contractions. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle due to the phenomenon of insulin resistance. However, those individuals have normal glucose uptake during exercise. In this context, physical exercise is one of the most important interventions that stimulates glucose uptake by insulin-independent pathways, and the main molecules involved are adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide, bradykinin, AKT, reactive oxygen species and calcium. In this review, our main aims were to highlight the different glucose uptake pathways and to report the effects of physical exercise, diet and drugs on their functioning. Lastly, with the better understanding of these pathways, it would be possible to assess, exactly and molecularly, the importance of physical exercise and diet on glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, it would be possible to assess the action of drugs that might optimize glucose uptake and consequently be an important step in controlling the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, in addition to being important to clarify some pathways that justify the development of drugs capable of mimicking the contraction pathway.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140225 14577 downloads

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