ABSTRACT Tomato genotypes ( Solanum spp.) have genetic variability of most desirable features, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, incompatibility of crosses of wild genotypes with domesticated tomatoes, or even between wild genotypes, hinders the breeding process. Thus, knowledge of the reproductive biology of genotypes and conditions is necessary to maximize the success of artificial crossings. This study evaluated the compatibility of self-pollination, intra- and interspecific controlled crosses, stigma receptivity, and pollen viability in tomato genotypes. We used two commercial genotypes S. lycopersicum (‘RVTM08’ and ‘Redenção’) and seven accessions of wild tomato genotypes (‘AF 26970’, ‘LA-1401’, ‘AF 19684’, ‘LA-1967’, ‘PI-127826’, ‘PI-134417’, and ‘LA-716’). We evaluated all crosses and their reciprocals, besides the self-pollinations. The variables evaluated were fruit index (FI), number of seeds per fruit (SN), and seed germination percentage (GP). Stigma receptivity and grains’ pollen viability index (PVI) were also assessed. The results showed that ‘LA-1967’ was self-incompatible, had a low PVI, and generated fruit without seeds in most crosses. As female parents, ‘RVTM08’, ‘Redenção’, ‘AF 26970’, ‘LA-1401’, and ‘AF 19684’ showed higher FI and SN. There was a wide diversity of reproductive characteristics between the genotypes and crosses that did not influence GP. Compatibility of crosses in tomatoes is determined by the female parent choice and can be affected by stigma receptivity and the PVI.

RESUMO A exigência do mercado, quanto ao tipo de fruto varia de região para região, sendo necessária a produção de cultivares com diversos padrões de morfologia de fruto. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho selecionar linhagens com resistência à traça do tomateiro e diferentes formatos de fruto, visando atender os diferentes segmentos do mercado. No experimento foram utilizadas 76 linhagens e populações pré-selecionadas, para resistência a pragas, juntamente com quatro testemunhas suscetíveis (TOM-584, TOM-684, NC-123S e Santa Clara) e dois acessos selvagens de tomateiro (Solanum pennellii ‘LA 716’ e S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-127826’) considerados resistentes. O ensaio constituiu em testes de resistência à traça do tomateiro Tuta absoluta. A seleção das linhagens foi eficiente, sendo obtidas 33 linhagens ou populações resistentes à traça-do-tomateiro que compreendem os segmentos de mercado dos tipos de fruto multilocular, Santa Cruz, Saladete ou italiano, bem como frutos com padrões intermediários.

ABSTRACT The market requirement regarding fruit type varies from region to region and it is necessary to produce cultivars with different patterns of fruit morphology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to select lines with resistance to tomato leafminer and different fruit shapes in order to meet the different market segments. Seventy-six lines and pre-selected populations were used for pest resistance together with four other susceptible controls (TOM-584, TOM-684, NC-123S, and Santa Clara) and two wild accessions (Solanum pennellii ‘LA 716’ and S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-127826’) considered resistant. The experiment consisted of tests of resistance to the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. The selection of lines was efficient, being obtained 33 lines or populations resistant to the tomato leafminer that comprise the market segments of the types of multilocular fruit, Santa Cruz, Saladette or Italian, as well as intermediate standards of fruits.

The present work was designed to select for sweet potatoes clones (Ipomoea batatas) resistant to Meloidogyne enterolobii (Syn. M. mayaguensis) as well as evaluate the efficiency of the selection methods used by estimating their genetic (VCg) and environmental (VCe) variation coefficients as well as broad sense heritability. A total of 142 sweet potato genotypes were tested, including four commercial varieties (Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Branca, and Palmas) as well as the Santa Clara tomato cultivar (utilized as a susceptibility standard). The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in two repetitions of six plants each. Resistance levels were classified according to the numbers of eggs per gram of roots, the reproduction factor (RF), and the reproduction index (RI) relative to the Santa Clara tomato cultivar. The b= VCg/VCe ratio and broad sense heritability were high in terms of the numbers of eggs per gram of roots, as well as in terms of the reproduction factor and reproduction index, demonstrating the efficiency of the methodology used in the selection of resistant genotypes. Thirty-one sweet potato genotypes resistant to M. enterolobii were identified as having significant potential for continuing the breeding program.

Este trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de seleccionar clones de batata (Ipomoea batatas) resistentes a Meloidogyne enterolobii (Syn. M. mayaguensis) y evaluar la eficiencia del método de selección empleado, por la estimación de los coeficientes de variación genética (CVg) y el medio ambiente (CVe), y de las estimaciones de las herencias en el sentido amplio. Se utilizaron 142 genotipos de batata, entre ellos cuatro cultivares comerciales: Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Branca y Palmas, y el tomate cv. Santa Clara (utilizado como patrón de susceptibilidad). El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques aleatorizados completos con dos repeticiones de seis plantas cada uno. La clasificación de los niveles de resistencia fue realizada de acuerdo con el número de huevos por gramo de raíz, factor de reproducción (FR) e índice de reproducción (IR) relativo a lo observado en el tomate Santa Clara. La relación b = CVg / CVe y la heredabilidad en sentido amplio fueron altas tanto para el número de huevos por gramo de raíz como para el factor de reproducción e índice de reproducción, demostrando la eficiencia del método empleado para la selección de genotipos resistentes. Se identificaron, como prometedores para dar continuidad al programa de mejoramiento genético, 31 genotipos de batata resistentes a M. enterolobii.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e avaliar os componentes da heterose em híbridos de páprica para produtividade, teor de capsanteno (graus ASTA) e resistência a Phytophthora capsici, e identificar as linhagens parentais elevada capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) para serem utilizados em futuros programas de melhoramento e/ou para obter novos híbridos. Para tanto, 15 híbridos foram obtidos por cruzamentos dialélicos (excluindo os recíprocos) entre seis linhagens from Hortiagro Sementes S.A. Elas são oriundas do Peru (P1=PIM 032-03; P2=PIM 033-11; P3=PIM 034-19; P4=PIM 035-01) e dos EUA (P5=PIM 036-08; P6=PIM 037-18). Os resultados indicam que a ação génica epistática controla a heterose de produtividade de frutos frescos e secos, e o teor de capsantenos, sendo, em geral, a heterose no sentido de aumentar a produtividade. A resistência a P. capsici não teve efeito heterótico significativo, sendo explicado por dominância incompleta no sentido da Resistencia. As linhagens parentais P1 e P5 mostraram elevada CGC para os caracteres avaliados, e poderiam ser utilizadas em programas de melhoramento para obter novas linhagens melhoradas ou para a produção de híbridos com elevada produtividade.. O cruzamento P3xP5 superou à testemunha ‘Papri Queen’ em produtividade de frutos frescos (68 t ha-1), secos (10 t ha-1), graus ASTA (157) e resistência a P. capsici. A linhagem P5 assim como nos híbridos onde participou como parental foram avaliados como resistentes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to quantify and assess the components of heterosis in paprika hybrids related to yield, capsanten pigment content (estimated as ASTA degrees) and resistance to Phytophthora capsici, and to identify parental lines with high general combining ability (GCA) to be used in future breeding programmes and/or to obtain new hybrids. Fifteen hybrids were obtained through a complete diallel cross (reciprocal hybrids excluded) among six proprietary paprika breeding lines from HortiAgro Sementes S.A., four of which originally introduced from Peru (P1=PIM 032-03; P2=PIM 033-11; P3=PIM 034-19; P4=PIM 035-01) and two from the U.S.A. (P5=PIM 036-08; P6=PIM 037-18). Epistatic gene action was involved in the expression of heterosis for fresh and dry yields and carotenoid pigment contents, and heterosis was predominantly in the direction of higher yields. No significant heterosis effects were detected for resistance to P. capsici, and gene action was of incomplete dominance for the resistant phenotype. The parental lines P1 and P5 showed high GCA values for all characters, and may be used in breeding programmes to obtain new improved lines or for the production of higher yielding hybrids. The most promising hybrid was P3xP5, which outperformed the standard cultivar “Papri Queen” in fresh (68 t ha-1) and dry (10 t ha-1) fruit yields and ASTA degrees (157), in addition to being resistant to P. capsici. The parental line P5, as well as the hybrids in which it participated as a parent were assessed as resistant to P. capsici.

ABSTRACT Allelochemicals and Mi, nematode‑resistant gene, are found in wild tomato species and can provide resistance to insect pests. The aim of this study was to check the resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes with different foliar allelochemical contents (acylsugar and/or zingiberene) associated with and not associated with the Mi gene against the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci biotype B). Fifteen tomato genotypes were tested for resistance against whitefly (Santa Clara, TOM‑695, TOM‑556, TOM‑584, TOM‑684, TOM‑687, TOM‑688, TOM‑759, TOM‑760, ZGB‑703, ZGB‑704, TOM‑778, TOM‑779, TOM‑780, and PI‑127826). Genotypes with high acylsugar (AS) (TOM‑687 and TOM‑688) as well as those with high zingiberene (ZGB) contents (ZGB‑703 and ZGB‑704) had lower oviposition and a lower number of nymphs when compared with genotypes with low AS and ZGB contents and without the Mi gene (Santa Clara, TOM‑ 695, TOM‑556, and TOM‑584). The genotypes carrying the Mi gene, associated with low allelochemical contents, were less preferred for whitefly oviposition compared with susceptible genotypes with low AS and ZGB contents and without the Mi gene. When both the AS and ZGB allelochemicals were present in the same genotypes (TOM‑778, TOM‑779, and TOM-780), they showed a synergistic effect; the number of whitefly eggs and nymphs decreased in genotypes with high AS and ZGB compared with genotypes that had only one of these allelochemicals. However, the number of whitefly eggs and nymphs of genotypes with high AS and ZGB contents, individually or combined, was less than for genotypes carrying the Mi gene. These results indicate that allelochemicals are more effective than the Mi gene to provide resistance to whitefly.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) para produção de etanol, bem como estimar os balanços energético e econômico para a cultura. Foram avaliados dados das fases agrícola e industrial de produção. Os da fase agrícola foram estimados a partir de experimento conduzido em campo e usados para comparação de genótipos de batata-doce. Os da fase industrial foram estimados com base na literatura sobre as energias fóssil e elétrica consumidas no processo de produção de etanol. Com a produção média de 35 Mg ha-1 de raízes e 12 Mg ha-1 de ramas secas, as razões entre rendimentos/investimentos foram de 6,64 e 1,93 para os balanços energético e econômico, respectivamente. Para as produtividades de 50 e 80 Mg ha-1 de raízes (17 e 27 Mg ha-1 de matéria seca de ramas, respectivamente), os índices de balanço energético foram 7,16 e 7,68, respectivamente, e os de balanço econômico, 2,76 e de 4,42. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a grande aptidão da cultura de batata-doce para produção de biocombustível.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the viability of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for ethanol production, as well as to estimate the energy and budget balances for the crop. Data from the agricultural and industrial production phases were evaluated. Those from the agricultural phase were estimated from a field experiment and used for comparison of sweet potato genotypes. Those from the industrial phase were estimated based on the literature on the fossil fuel energy and electricity consumed in the ethanol production process. With average yields of 35 Mg ha-1 roots and 12 Mg ha-1 dry stems, the output/input ratios were 6.64 and 1.93 for the energy and budget balances, respectively. For yields of 50 and 80 Mg ha-1 roots (17 and 27 Mg ha-1 dry stems, respectively), the indexes for energy balance were 7.16 and 7.68, respectively, and those for energy budget were 2.76 and 4.42. The obtained results confirm the great aptitude of the sweet potato crop for biofuel production.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to verify the resistance of tomato genotypes (crossed with Solanum galapagense) to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the association of this resistance with glandular trichomes. Leaf trichomes were quantified for seven F2 genotypes of the BPX-486 population derived from crossing S. lycopersicum ‘TOM-684’ and S. galapagense accession ‘LA-1401’, for the commercial controls ‘TOM-584’ and ‘Santa Clara’, and for the accession ‘LA-1401’. After this evaluation, the genotypes were subjected to two nonpreference resistance tests of the green peach aphid in the laboratory, one with choice and the other without choice. Five genotypes (BPX-486-17, BPX-486-62, BPX-486-10, BPX-486-46, and BPX-486-08) and the accession LA-1401 exhibited a high density of type IV glandular trichomes and a lower mean number of nymphs and adults of M. persicae than two genotypes (BPX-486-313 and BPX-486-383) and the controls with a low density of glandular trichomes, in all the evaluations of both tests. Significant negative correlations between the density of type IV glandular trichomes of the tomato genotypes and the preference of M. persicae were found, which confirms the association between this type of glandular trichome and resistance to M. persicae in tomato genotypes.

RESUMO A identificação de genótipos de feijão resistentes aos nematoides das galhas pode ser útil aos programas de melhoramento do feijoeiro. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a reação de genótipos de feijão aos nematoides das galhas M. incognita raça 1 e M. javanica. Dois ensaios independentes para avaliação da reação de resistência a Meloidogyne incognita raça 1 e Meloidogyne javanica foram realizados com cinquenta e oito genótipos de feijão e seis genótipos de feijão vagem. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições e parcelas de duas plantas. As plantas foram inoculadas com 10.000 ovos por planta aos quinze dias após a germinação. Aos quarenta e cinco dias após a inoculação, o sistema radicular de cada planta foi colhido e submetido à extração dos ovos. Foram obtidos dados de número de ovos por grama de raiz e calculados o fator de reprodução e a redução do fator de reprodução. O comportamento dos genótipos divergiu entre os ensaios, indicando diferentes reações de resistência conforme a espécie de nematoide avaliada. Os genótipos VP-25 e BRS Valente foram considerados resistentes a M. incognita raça 1. Os genótipos Aporé, Ouro Vermelho, Radiante e CNFP 10793 apresentaram bons resultados de resistência tanto a M. incognita raça 1 quanto a M. javanica, podendo servir como fontes de resistência para programas de melhoramento. Houve correlação significativa entre massa de raiz e número de ovos. A correlação entre reprodução do nematoide e massa de parte aérea foi nula.

ABSTRACT Identification of common bean genotypes resistant to the root-knot nematodes may be useful for bean breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of bean genotypes to M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica. Two independent trials to assess resistance to both root-knot nematodes were carried out with fifty-eight common bean genotypes and six snap bean genotypes. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and two plants per plot. A total of 10,000 nematode eggs were inoculated per plant 15 days after germination. At forty-five days after inoculation, the root system of each plant was harvested and the nematode eggs were extracted. The number of eggs per gram of root was counted and the Reproduction Factor and the Reduction of the Reproduction Factor were calculated. The performance of the genotypes differed between the trials, indicating different resistance reactions to the nematode species evaluated. The genotypes VP-25 and BRS Valente were resistant to M. incognita race 1. The genotypes Aporé, Ouro Vermelho, Radiante, and CNFP 10793 showed good resistance to both M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica, with potential as source of resistance in breeding programs. There was a significant correlation between root mass and number of eggs. The correlation between nematode reproduction and shoot mass was null.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver híbridos de pimentão com resistência a múltiplos patógenos e inferir sobre os componentes da heterose em híbridos obtidos a partir de linhagens presumivelmente resistentes ao Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV), Phytophthora capsici ou Meloidogyne incognita. Os trabalhos foram realizados em casa de vegetação. Foram utilizadas dez linhagens, trinta híbridos experimentais, e sete testemunhas comerciais (Konan-R, Magali-R, Martha-R, Stephany, Mallorca, Magnata Super e Criollo de Morelos-334). Em todos os experimentos, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições (com parcelas de 16 plantas). Na avaliação das reações a P. capsici e ao PepYMV, foram consideradas as percentagens de plantas sem sintomas. Na avaliação das reações a M. incognita, foram calculados o índice de reprodução e o fator de reprodução do nematoide. Os efeitos gênicos aditivos foram importantes para todos os caracteres avaliados e, para percentagem de plantas resistentes a PepYMV e P. capsici, os efeitos gênicos não-aditivos foram também importantes. Os alelos que controlam resistência a PepYMV, a P. capsici e a M. incognita possuem grau de dominância próximo de 1, em valor absoluto, o que indica uma situação favorável à obtenção de híbridos com resistência múltipla a estes patógenos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop bell pepper hybrids with resistance to multiple pathogens and make inferences in regard to components of heterosis in hybrids obtained from lines presumed to be resistant to Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV), Phytophthora capsici, or Meloidogyne incognita. The studies were carried out in a greenhouse. We used ten lines, thirty experimental hybrids, and seven controls (Konan-R, Magali-R, Martha-R, Stephany, Mallorca, Magnata Super, and Criollo de Morelos-334). For all experiments, a randomized block design was used with three replications (with plots composed of 16 plants). For evaluation of the reactions to P. capsici and to PepYMV, the percentages of asymptomatic plants were considered. For evaluation of the reactions to M. incognita, the reproduction index and the reproduction factor of the nematode were calculated. The additive gene effects were important for all the traits evaluated, and for percentage of plants resistant to PepYMV and P. capsici, the non-additive effects were also important. The alleles that control resistance to PepYMV, to P. capsici, and to M. incognita have a degree of dominance near 1, in absolute value, which indicates a favorable situation for obtaining hybrids that accumulate multiple resistance to these pathogens.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos promovidos pelos alelos mutantes alcobaça (nor A ), ripening inhibitor (rin) e old gold crimson (og c ), em heterozigose ou homozigose, na expressão da coloração e da conservação pós-colheita de frutos de híbridos experimentais de tomateiro. Quatorze híbridos com contituições genotípicas contrastantes entre si nos locos nor A , rin e og c foram avaliados em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As seguintes características de qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos foram avaliadas: firmeza no estádio de amadurecimento incipiente, coloração e teor de sólidos solúveis. Os genótipos rin + /rin e nor + /nor A condicionaram a maior firmeza dos frutos de tomate no ponto de colheita (estádio de amadurecimento incipiente). Os genótipos rin + /rin apresentaram as piores colorações internas de frutos. Houve efeito positivo de og c+ /og c na melhoria da coloração interna dos frutos rin + /rin e nor + /nor A , que tornou a coloração semelhante à dos genótipos normais. A combinação dos genes og c /og c rin + /rin nor + /nor A é eficiente para melhorar a firmeza dos frutos de tomate, além de manter ou melhorar a coloração interna.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the mutant alleles alcobaça (nor A ), ripening inhibitor (rin), and old gold crimson (og c ), in heterozygosity or homozygosity, on the expression of color and on the postharvest quality of fruit of experimental tomato hybrids. Fourteen hybrids with contrasting genotypic constitutions in the nor A , rin, and og c loci were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The following fruit postharvest quality traits were evaluated: firmness in the breaker stage, color, and soluble solids content. The rin +/rin and nor +/nor A genotypes increased firmness of tomato fruit at harvest (breaker stage). The rin + /rin genotypes displayed the worse internal fruit color. There was a positive effect of og c+ /og c in improving the internal color of rin + /rin and nor + /nor A fruit, making the color similar to that of the normal genotypes. The combination of the og c /og c rin + /rin nor + /nor A genes is effective to improve tomato fruit firmness, besides maintaining or improving internal color.

RESUMO. A hibridação de diferentes genótipos de morangueiro e a seleção de plantas no Brasil pode resultar em novas cultivares com melhor adaptação ambiental. Objetivou-se neste trabalho desenvolver e selecionar novas plantas F1 de morangueiro com potencial produtivo superior. Foram avaliadas 12 populações híbridas a partir de cruzamentos entre as cultivares Aromas, Camarosa, Dover, Festival, Oso Grande, Sweet Charlie e Tudla e 42 híbridos F1 de cada população. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos aumentados. Foram avaliadas características de produtividade e calculada a heterose para cada uma delas. As populações provenientes dos cruzamentos ‘Dover x Aromas’ e ‘Camarosa x Aromas’, apresentaram 28,6% dos híbridos com massa total de frutos superior a cv. Aromas, e 9,5 e 14,3%, dos híbridos, superiores a cv. Camarosa, respectivamente. O cruzamento entre as cultivares ‘Camarosa x Aromas’ resultou em híbridos de alta produtividade e maior massa de frutos atingindo padrões comerciais. Os híbridos MCA12-93, MFA12-443 e MCA12-89 possuem elevado potencial produtivo e podem ser utilizados como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético do morangueiro.

ABSTRACT. Breeding different strawberry genotypes and plant selection in Brazil could result in new cultivars with better environmental adaptations. The aim was to develop and select new F1 strawberry plants with higher potential yields. Twelve hybrid populations were obtained from breeding the cultivars Aromas, Camarosa, Dover, Festival, Oso Grande, Sweet Charlie and Tudla, and 42 F1 hybrids were obtained from each population. An augmented randomized block design was used. Productive traits were measured and heterosis was calculated for all traits. The breedings Dover x Aromas and Camarosa x Aromas both showed 28.6% of their hybrids with a total fruit mass that was higher than that of cv. Aromas, and 9.5 and 14.3% were higher than that of cv. Camarosa, respectively. The breeding of Camarosa x Aromas produced hybrids with high potential yields and a large average fruit mass that reached the commercial standard. Hybrids MCA12-93, MFA12-443 and MCA12-89 showed high potential yields and can be used as parents in strawberry breeding programs.

Abstract The Scott-Knott cluster analysis is an alternative approach to mean comparisons with high power and no subset overlapping. It is well suited for the statistical challenges in agronomy associated with testing new cultivars, crop treatments, or methods. The original Scott-Knott test was developed to be used under balanced designs; therefore, the loss of a single plot can significantly increase the rate of type I error. In order to avoid type I error inflation from missing plots, we propose an adjustment that maintains power similar to the original test while adding error protection. The proposed adjustment was validated from more than 40 million simulated experiments following the Monte Carlo method. The results indicate a minimal loss of power with a satisfactory type I error control, while keeping the features of the original procedure. A user-friendly SAS macro is provided for this analysis.

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o balanço energético (razão output/input) da cultura da canola, nas condições brasileiras, para a produção de biodiesel. A energia fóssil dispendida na produção de 600kg de óleo por hectare foi de 7.146.537kcal. O rendimento energético estimado por hectare foi de 9.930.000kcal, a partir da produtividade de 1.500kg ha-1 de grãos (40% de óleo e 60% de torta), resultando no valor do balanço energético de 1,39. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade da produção do biocombustível com base na respectiva cultura, mas demonstram também a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento das tecnologias empregadas para que se aumentem os índices dos balanços energético e econômico.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to estimate the energy balance (output/input ratio) of the canola crop for biodiesel production, under Brazilian conditions. Fossil energy expended in the production of 600kg of oil per hectare was 7,146,537kcal. The estimated energy yield per hectare was 9,930,000kcal from the production of 1,500kg ha-1 of seeds (40% oil and 60% oil cake), which resulted in an energy balance of 1.39. Results indicated the viability of biofuel production from canola, but also showed the need to improve the technology used to increase the energy and economic balance ratios.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a possível resistência de genótipos de tomateiro com altos teores de aleloquímicos nas folhas, à mosca-minadora Liriomyza trifolii. Para tanto, foi montado um ensaio em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos: linhagens TOM-687 e TOM-688, ricas em acilaçúcares; ZGB-703 e ZGB-704, ricas em zingibereno; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 e BPX-367E-238-02, ricas em 2-tridecanona; 2 híbridos comerciais, Débora Max e Bravo (testemunhas) e nove repetições. Aproximadamente 30 dias após o transplante, vasos com uma planta correspondente a cada tratamento foram transferidos para uma câmara climatizada do tipo Fitotron, na qual foram liberados 1.600 adultos da mosca minadora, não sexados, oriundos da criação de manutenção. Avaliaram-se o número de minas, a porcentagem de folhas e folíolos atacados (com a presença de puncturas), e seis dias depois, contou-se o número de pupas. Os genótipos com altos teores de acilaçúcares mostraram-se associados a maiores níveis de resistência à mosca-minadora L. trifolii, tanto pelo mecanismo de antixenose como antibiose. Pelo menos uma das linhagens ricas em 2-tridecanona mostrou algum nível de resistência pelo mecanismo de antibiose.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the resistance of tomato genotypes with high foliar levels of allelochemicals to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii. Eight tomato genotypes with contrasting levels of three different alellochemicals were tested for leafminer resistance: the TOM-687 and TOM-688 lines, which are both rich in acylsugar; ZGB-703 and ZGB-704, which are rich in zingiberene; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 and BPX-367E-238-02, which are rich in 2-tridecanone; and 2 standard commercial hybrids (Deborah Max and Bravo F1) with low-allelochemical content. Thirty days after being transplanted, nine potted plants of each of the treatments were transferred to a phytotron chamber, into which 1600 unsexed leafminer adults from a mass rearing were released. The number of mines and the percentage of leaves and leaflets attacked (= with the presence of punctures) were evaluated. Six days later, the number of pupae was recorded. The genotypes with high levels of acylsugar were associated with higher levels of resistance to leaf miner L. trifolii, through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms. At least one of the 2-tridecanone-rich lines (BPX -365G-899-07-04-02) showed some level of resistance via an antibiosis mechanism.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a resistência à lagarta Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), em genótipos de tomateiro obtidos do cruzamento interespecífico de Solanum lycopersicum x S. galapagense, e a associação dessa resistência com a densidade de tricomas glandulares do tipo IV. Genótipos da população F2, derivada do cruzamento S. lycopersicum TOM-684 x S. galapagense LA-1401, selecionados quanto à baixa e à alta densidade de tricomas glandulares, respectivamente, foram submetidos a dois testes de resistência à lagarta H. armigera em laboratório, um de antibiose e outro de antixenose. Os genótipos da população F2, com alta densidade de tricomas glandulares do tipo IV (BPX-486-17, BPX-486-62, BPX-486-10, BPX-486-46 e BPX-486-08), apresentam maiores níveis de resistência, tanto por antibiose quanto por antixenose, do que os genótipos com baixa densidade de tricomas glandulares (BPX-486-313 e BPX-486-383) e do que as testemunhas 'Santa Clara' e TOM-684. Os níveis de resistência foram menores do que os do genitor silvestre LA-1401.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to verify the resistance to the Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillar by tomato genotypes obtained from interspecific crossing of Solanum lycopersicum x S. galapagense, and the association of this resistence with the density of type IV glandular trichomes. Genotypes of the F2 population, obtained from the crossing of S. lycopersicum TOM-684 x S. galapagense LA-1401, selected for low and high densities of glandular trichomes, respectively, were subjected to two laboratory resistance tests, one for antibiosis and other for antixenosis. Genotypes of the F2 population, with high density of type IV glandular trichomes (BPX-486-17, BPX-486-62, BPX-486-10, BPX-486-46 and BPX-486-08), showed higher resistance levels, both by antibiosis and antixenosis, than the genotypes with low-density glandular trichomes (BPX-486-313 and BPX-486-383) and the witnesses 'Santa Clara' and TOM-684. Resistance levels were lower than those of the wild parent LA-1401.