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Propuesta para el diseño del “Ecomuseo Los Chorotegas” en el Territorio Indígena Matambú, Guanacaste-Costa Rica
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Murillo Romero, Cinthya Ma.

Revista Geográfica de América Central

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jun 2024, N. 72 Pages 397 - 424

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo A geografia humana desempenha um papel fundamental na adaptação das comunidades ao meio ambiente ao longo do tempo. Ela considera aspectos como a modificação do território, a organização social e as atividades econômicas como o turismo cultural que aborda a geografia, a história e a cultura, valorizando os conhecimentos e processos das comunidades. Portanto, o presente artigo propõe um projeto para criar um Ecomuseu da cultura Chorotega na comunidade de Matambú, localizada na Unidade de Planejamento Turístico Guanacaste Sul, na Costa Rica. A proposta surge como resposta a uma necessidade da comunidade indígena de se envolver no turismo para subsistir, com o objetivo de fomentar o ecoturismo, turismo cultural e criativo no Território Indígena Chorotega Matambú (TICM) e contribuir para a melhoria das condições socioeconômicas da comunidade indígena, preservando e resgatando o senso de pertencimento do patrimônio cultural e natural por parte dos habitantes do território. Após alcançar o objetivo de criar o Ecomuseu “Los Chorotegas” na comunidade de Matambú, haverá uma melhoria na qualidade de vida. Simultaneamente, a comunidade será mais respeitada e reconhecida como a única etnia de origem Mesoamericana presente na Costa Rica.

Abstract Over time, human geography has played a fundamental role in communities’ processes of adaptation to their environment. This involves considerations spanning the modification of territories, social organization, and economic activities such as cultural tourism. This also involves understanding the geographic context of their history and culture to add value to communities’ knowledge and processes. Therefore, this article proposes the creation of a Chorotega Culture Eco-Museum in Matambú, a community located within the South Guanacaste Unit of Touristic Planning, Costa Rica. This proposal arises from the necessity of this indigenous community to be part of the tourism industry as a survival strategy. The objective is to promote ecotourism and cultural and creative tourism in the Matambú Chorotega Indigenous Territory (TICM). This initiative serves as a method to enhance the socio-economic conditions of the indigenous community while helping to preserve and rescue the sense of belonging to its cultural and natural heritage. By achieving the objective of creating “Los Chorotegas” Eco-Museum in the Matambú community, this territory and indigenous group will be respected and valued as the only remaining ethnicity of Mesoamerican origin within Costa Rica, and this recognition can improve their quality of life.

Resumen La geografía humana desempeña un papel fundamental en la adaptación de las comunidades al medio ambiente a lo largo del tiempo, considerando aspectos como la modificación del territorio, organización social, actividades económicas como el turismo cultural que aborda el contexto geográfico, historia y cultura poniendo en valor los saberes y procesos de las comunidades. Por lo tanto, el presente artículo plantea una propuesta para diseñar un Ecomuseo de la cultura Chorotega en la comunidad de Matambú ubicada en la Unidad de Planeamiento Turístico Guanacaste Sur en Costa Rica. La propuesta surge en respuesta a una necesidad de la comunidad indígena de involucrarse en el turismo para subsistir, con el objetivo de fomentar el ecoturismo, turismo cultural y creativo en el Territorio Indígena Chorotega Matambú (TICM) y contribuir al mejoramiento de las condiciones socioeconómicas de la comunidad indígena, conservando y rescatando el sentido de pertenencia del patrimonio cultural y natural por parte de los habitantes del territorio. Cumplido el objetivo de crear el Ecomuseo “Los Chorotegas” en la comunidad de Matambú, mejorará la calidad de vida y a la vez serán más respetados, visibilizados como la única etnia de origen Mesoamericana presente en Costa Rica.

https://doi.org/10.15359/rgac.72-1.15

Mamografía con contraste: nuestra experiencia
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Reyna, Estefanía

; García-Ferroni, Valeria I.

; Crignola, Ma. Eleonora

; Valenzuela, Diego L.

; Sotelo, Gisela M.

; Bustos, Andrea

Revista argentina de radiología

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mar 2024, Volume 88 N. 1 Pages 11 - 22

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) is an emerging tool that has been increasingly implemented. It appears as an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using intravenous contrast to explore tumor angiogenesis. It combines conventional mammography (Mx) with post-contrast dual energy subtraction technique, resulting in increased detection of breast cancer, in a short study time and at a low cost. It is a promising method in selected cases and easy to read, being useful mainly in patients with breast cancer to detect additional lesions and determine the tumor size, that helps surgical planning, as well as in the evaluation of post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in the follow-up of patients treated with surgery, to address inconclusive findings in screening mammogram, or as an alternative when MRI is contraindicated. The purpose of this article is to assess the usefulness of contrasted mammography in daily practice and to determine its main indications. We review with our own cases the applications and characteristics of this method.

Resumen La mamografía contrastada (CEDM, contrast-enhanced digital mammography) es una herramienta nueva que ha ido implementándose de forma creciente. Aparece como alternativa a la resonancia magnética (RM), y al igual que esta, tiene como principio el uso de contraste endovenoso para explorar la angiogénesis tumoral. Combina la imagen de mamografía convencional (Mx) con la técnica de sustracción con energía dual poscontraste, lo que resulta en un incremento en la detección de cáncer de mama, en un tiempo corto de estudio y a un bajo costo. Es un método prometedor en casos seleccionados y de fácil lectura, siendo útil principalmente en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama para detectar lesiones adicionales y determinar el tamaño tumoral, ayudando en la planificación quirúrgica, así como también en la evaluación de la respuesta a la neoadyuvancia. También en el seguimiento de pacientes operadas, para caracterizar lesiones dudosas en Mx y ecografía, o como alternativa ante contraindicación de la RM. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la utilidad de la mamografía contrastada en la práctica diaria y determinar sus principales indicaciones. Repasamos con casos propios las utilidades y características del método.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rar.23000049

Percepción respecto a la educación sexual de adolescentes de dos establecimientos educacionales de Talcahuano, Chile
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Agurto-Flores, Ma. Ignacia

; Bahamondes-Vera, Javiera

; Guzmán-Andrade, Katiusca

; Perelli-Vergara, Francesca

; Roca-Aranda, Jhoselym

; Soto-Matus, Catalina

; Valdebenito-Linco, Constanza

; Venegas-Sepúlveda, Carolina

; Bustos-Águila, Romina

; Morales-Quintana, Valeska

; González-Burboa, Alexis

Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología

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feb 2024, Volume 89 N. 1 Pages 18 - 24

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: Sex education is one of the basic pillars of human development because it enhances people’s autonomy and the development of full sexuality. Objective: This study sought to describe the perception regarding sex education of adolescents from two educational establishments in Talcahuano, Chile. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 309 students from two schools located in the Talcahuano Commune, Bío-Bío region, Chile. A self-report questionnaire was applied in person. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistics SPSS v.22 software. Results: 61.8% reported receiving sex education in their establishment and almost all considered it necessary to learn about it. 52.7% reported that their establishments generated instances to talk about sexuality. In relation to the topics that should be included in sex education, “Values, respect, ethics”, “Contraceptives and prevention of sexually transmitted infections” and “Love and affectivity” were the most preferred. Conclusion: Despite the existence of instances of sex education in educational establishments, and the transversal opinion that it is necessary to learn about this subject, there is a low perception regarding its adequacy.

Resumen Introducción: La educación sexual es uno de los pilares básicos del desarrollo humano por cuanto potencia la autonomía de las personas y el desarrollo de una sexualidad plena. Objetivo: Este estudio buscó describir la percepción respecto a la educación sexual de adolescentes de dos establecimientos educacionales de Talcahuano, Chile. Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal de carácter descriptivo con 309 estudiantes de dos colegios ubicados en la Comuna de Talcahuano, región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Se aplicó de forma presencial un cuestionario de autorreporte. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software IBM Statistics SPSS v.22. Resultados: El 61,8% reportó recibir educación sexual en su establecimiento y casi la totalidad consideró necesario aprender sobre ello. Un 52,7% refirió que sus establecimientos generaban instancias para hablar de sexualidad. En relación con las temáticas que deberían ser incluidas en la educación sexual, «Valores, respeto, ética», «Anticonceptivos y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual» y «Amor y afectividad» fueron las más preferidas. Conclusión: Pese a la existencia de instancias de educación sexual en los establecimientos educacionales y a la transversal opinión de que es necesario aprender sobre este tema, existe una baja percepción respecto a su suficiencia.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rechog.23000079

Trends on deaths from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico, 2000–2021
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Moreno-Godínez, Ma. Elena

; Flores-Alfaro, Eugenia

; Parra-Rojas, Isela

; Medina-Diaz, Irma Martha

; Rojas-García, Aurora Elizabeth

; Avilés-Ramírez, Cristian

; Campos-Viguri, Gabriela

; Ramírez-Vargas, Marco Antonio

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2024, Volume 27 elocation e240001

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objetive: To provide a comprehensive analysis of mortality trends from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico from 2000 through 2021. Methods: The governmental records of deaths from acute pesticide poisoning were used. The age-standardized years of life lost and aged-standardized mortality rates were estimated. Significant changes in trends of annual percentage change were identified using Joinpoint regression. Results: Between 2000 and 2021, mortality was primarily observed in individuals aged 15 to 19 years. Males were the most affected. Self-inflicted pesticide poisoning was the primary registered reason for death. The age-standardized mortality rate from acute pesticide poisoning was reduced from 2012 to 2021 (APC: -4.4; p=0.003). Conclusion: This report is the first study about the mortality rate from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico. The results provided evidence to consider in developing laws to prevent acute pesticide poisoning.

RESUMO Objetivo: Fornecer uma análise abrangente das tendências de mortalidade por envenenamento agudo por pesticidas no México de 2000 a 2021. Métodos: Foram usados os registros governamentais de mortes por envenenamento agudo por pesticidas. Foram estimados os anos de vida perdidos estandardizados por idade e as taxas de mortalidade estandardizados por idade. Modificações significativas nas tendências de variação percentual anual foram identificadas usando a regressão Joinpoint. Resultados: Entre 2000 e 2021, a mortalidade foi observada principalmente em indivíduos na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos. Os homens foram os mais afetados. O envenenamento por pesticida autoinfligido foi o principal motivo de morte registrado. A taxa de mortalidade estandardizada por idade por intoxicação aguda por pesticidas foi reduzida de 2012 a 2021 (Annual Percent Change — APC: -4,4; p=0,003). Conclusão: Este relatório é o primeiro estudo sobre a taxa de mortalidade por intoxicação aguda por pesticidas no México. Os resultados forneceram evidências a serem consideradas no desenvolvimento de leis para prevenir o envenenamento agudo por pesticidas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720240001

Trends on deaths from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico, 2000–2021
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Moreno-Godínez, Ma. Elena

; Flores-Alfaro, Eugenia

; Parra-Rojas, Isela

; Medina-Diaz, Irma Martha

; Rojas-García, Aurora Elizabeth

; Avilés-Ramírez, Cristian

; Campos-Viguri, Gabriela

; Ramírez-Vargas, Marco Antonio

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2024, Volume 27 elocation e240001

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720240001

Parental homework involvement and students' achievement: a three-level meta-analysis
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Xu, Jianzhong

; Guo, Shengli

; Feng, Yuxiang

; Ma, Yidan

; Zhang, Yichi

; Núñez, José Carlos

; Fan, Huiyong

Psicothema

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2024, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 1 - 14

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Antecedentes: Mediante un meta-análisis de tres niveles, el objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la relación entre la participación de los padres en los deberes escolares y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, así como estudiar el rol mediador en esta relación de ciertas variables que podrían haber estado relacionadas con algunos resultados inconsistentes en estudios primarios. Método: Se identificaron 28 estudios, con 252 tamaños del efecto, para un total de 378222 participantes. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron una débil relación negativa entre la implicación de los padres en los deberes y el rendimiento de los estudiantes (r = −0,064, p < 0,001). Esta relación fue moderada por el tipo de implicación parental. Específicamente, el rendimiento de los estudiantes se relacionó positivamente con el apoyo a la autonomía, pero no con el apoyo al contenido, el control de los padres, la frecuencia y la combinación de estas dimensiones. Además, dicha relación fue moderada por la medida de rendimiento, el curso de los estudiantes y el género de los padres. Conclusiones: Es necesaria más investigación cualitativa sobre lo que ocurre en torno a las interacciones entre padres e hijos a la hora de la realización de los deberes escolares.

Abstract: Background: Applying a three-level meta-analysis, the goal of our investigation was to examine the relationship between parental homework involvement and students' achievement, and to investigate whether certain study features could have resulted in the inconsistent results relating to this relationship from prior studies. Method: We identified a total of 28 studies (32 independent samples) with 252 effect sizes for a total of 378222 participants. Results: Our meta-analysis revealed an overall weak negative relationship between parental homework involvement and students' achievement (r = −0.064, p < .001). The overall relationship was moderated by the dimension of parental homework involvement. Specifically, students' achievement was positively related to autonomy support, but largely unrelated to content support, parental control, frequency, and mixed. Additionally, the overall relationship was moderated by achievement measure, grade level, and parent gender. Conclusions: Given that parental autonomy support was the only dimension that was positively related to students' achievement, it would be important to conduct qualitative research that provides longitudinal descriptions of parent-child interactions relating to homework tasks as children make their transition from elementary to middle and high school.

https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2023.92

The role of body compassion in the risk of eating disorders: mediational effects of body appreciation and body shame
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Burychka, Diana

; Miragall, Marta

; Baños, Rosa Ma

Psicothema

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2024, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 36 - 45

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Antecedentes: La compasión hacia el cuerpo (CC) es un factor protector en el campo de los trastornos alimentarios (TA) que se ha asociado con una mayor apreciación y una menor vergüenza corporales. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para desentrañar el papel protector de la CC en el riesgo de TA. Los objetivos fueron examinar (1) las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación española de la Escala de Compasión hacia el cuerpo y (2) si la apreciación y la vergüenza corporales eran mediadoras entre la CC y el riesgo de TA. Método: 288 mujeres (rango: 18-40 años; M = 24.65 ± 5.02) de la población general española cumplimentaron cuestionarios online. Resultados: La escala era fiable y válida. Un modelo de mediación serial-paralelo confirmó el papel protector de la CC y la apreciación corporal sobre la vergüenza corporal y el riesgo de TA, explicando el 68,88% de la varianza. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que las mujeres que presentan mayor CC tienden a mostrar mayor apreciación corporal, lo que conduce a una menor vergüenza corporal interna y un menor riesgo de TA. Estos resultados apoyan la necesidad de promover una relación positiva y compasiva con el cuerpo con el fin de prevenir TA.

Abstract: Background: Body compassion is a protective factor in the field of eating disorders (ED) that has been associated with higher body appreciation and lower body shame. However, more studies are needed in order to disentangle the protective role of compassion in regard to the risk of ED. The study's aims were to (1) analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Body Compassion Scale (BCS) and (2) determine whether body appreciation and body shame were mediators in the relationship between body compassion and the risk of ED. Method: 288 women (range: 18-40 years old; M = 24.65 ± 5.02) from the general Spanish population completed online questionnaires. Results: The Spanish adaptation of the BCS was reliable and valid. Results of a serial and parallel mediation model confirmed the protective role of body compassion and body appreciation on body shame and the risk of ED, accounting for 68.88% of the variance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that women who present higher body compassion tend to show higher body appreciation, which in turn leads to lower internal body shame and lower risk of ED. These results support the need to develop a positive and compassionate relationship with one's body, in order to prevent ED.

https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2023.48

Incidence of childhood cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean: coverage, patterns, and time trends
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de Paula Silva, Neimar

; Colombet, Murielle

; Moreno, Florencia

; Erdmann, Friederike

; Dolya, Anastasia

; Piñeros, Marion

; Stiller, Charles A

; Steliarova-Foucher, Eva

; Steliarova-Foucher, E

; Colombet, M

; Gloeckler Ries, LA

; Moreno, F

; Dolya, A

; Shin, HY

; Hesseling, P

; Stiller, CA

; Moreno, F

; Laura, EA

; Duarte, MA

; Alonso, M

; Prince, MA

; Diumenjo, MC

; Arias Ondicol, N

; Lima, CA

; Mundim Pena, GP

; Asturian Laporte, C

; de Oliveira, JC

; Pontes de Aquino, JA

; Vallebuona, C

; Galaz, JC

; Umaña, ME

; Espinoza, C

; Vargas Gallagher, SM

; Uribe, CJ

; Bravo, LE

; Arias Ortiz, NE

; Yepez Chamorro, MC

; Torres Alvarado, G

; Galán Alvarez, YH

; Martinez Reyes, FC

; Tanca Campozano, J

; Castillo Calvas, JC

; Mendoza Alava, M

; Cueva Ayala, P

; Roué, T

; Deloumeaux, J

; Joachim, C

; Duarte Muñoz, F

; Hanchard, B

; Fajardo-Gutiérrez, A

; Payet, E

; Albújar, PF

; Zavala Zegarra, DE

; Barrios, E

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e11

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001–2010) and time trends (1993–2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0–19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001–2010 and incidence trends over 1993–2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001–2010 the overall WSR in age 0–14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15–19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma ranking first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0–14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0–19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993–2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0–14 years and 10% of population aged 15–19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood cancer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.

RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.11

Off-farm employment and multidimensional poverty: empirical evidences from the Yellow River Basin in China
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Wu, Xixi

; Zhang, Qiangqiang

; Ma, Hongyu

; Hu, Yujie

Ciência Rural

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2024, Volume 54 N. 1 elocation e20220367

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: As an essential way to enhance farmers’ self-development ability, off-farm employment plays an indispensable role in farmers’ multidimensional poverty reduction in many countries. Employing a survey of 1926 farmers in five provinces of the Yellow River Basin in China, this paper examined the multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect of off-farm employment and the heterogeneous influence of different dimensions of off-farm employment (modes, levels, distances and frequency). The results showed that (1) although absolute poverty in the income dimension was largely eliminated in the Yellow River Basin, the poverty in social resources, transportation facilities, employment security were the key bottlenecks restricting farmers’ self-development. (2) The province with the best multidimensional poverty reduction effect for non-farm employment was Shaanxi, with the largest contribution to employment security. (3) Improving off-farm employment level, distance and time can significantly alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers. Therefore, to lessen the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers in the Yellow River Basin, it is necessary to focus on the governance of multi-dimensional key poverty-stricken areas, such as the middle and upper courses of the Yellow River, adopting multidimensional poverty alleviation strategy of off-farm employment according to local conditions, working on the farmers’ deficiencies in social resources, mobility, employment security, and deepening the effect of off-farm employment on benefiting farmers and helping the poor.

RESUMO: Como uma forma essencial de aumentar a capacidade de autodesenvolvimento dos agricultores, o emprego fora da fazenda desempenha um papel indispensável na redução da pobreza multidimensional dos agricultores em muitos países. Empregando uma pesquisa com 1926 agricultores em cinco províncias da Bacia do Rio Amarelo na China, este documento examina o efeito multidimensional de redução da pobreza do emprego e a influência heterogênea de diferentes dimensões do emprego fora da fazenda (modos, níveis, distâncias e frequência). Os resultados mostram que (1) embora a pobreza absoluta na dimensão da renda tenha sido em grande parte eliminada na Bacia do Rio Amarelo, a pobreza em recursos sociais, facilidades de transporte e segurança no emprego são os principais gargalos que restringem o autodesenvolvimento dos agricultores. (2) A província com o melhor efeito multidimensional de redução da pobreza para o emprego não agrícola foi Shaanxi, com a maior contribuição para a segurança no emprego. (3) A melhoria do nível de emprego fora da fazenda, distância e tempo pode aliviar significativamente a pobreza multidimensional dos agricultores. Portanto, para diminuir esta pobreza é necessário concentrar-se na governança de áreas-chave multidimensionais atingidas, tais como os cursos médio e superior do Rio Amarelo, adotando uma estratégia multidimensional de redução da pobreza de emprego fora da fazenda de acordo com as condições locais, trabalhando nas deficiências dos agricultores em recursos sociais, mobilidade, segurança no emprego e aprofundando o efeito do emprego fora da fazenda em benefício dos agricultores e ajudando os pobres.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220367

10.

Experimental and numerical simulation analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a new piezoelectric friction damper
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Dai, Jianbo

; Zhao, Zewen

; Wang, Hao

; Ma, Jing

; Liang, Xuhao

Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures

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2024, Volume 21 N. 1 elocation e517

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Based on the inverse piezoelectric effect and other characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, a new type of piezoelectric variable friction damper is developed, and the output performance test of piezoelectric ceramic actuator and piezoelectric variable friction damper is carried out, and the parametric mechanical model of the damper is established by using Simulink to carry out numerical simulation, and compared and analyzed with the test results. The results of the study show that the simulation and the test present a good regular agreement. With the increment of loading voltage, the displacement deformation and zero-displacement thrust of piezoelectric ceramic actuator are approximately linear with the loading voltage; when the loading voltage is increased by 15V every time, the test value of the output damping force of the damper increases by 259.66N on average step by step, and the simulated value increases by 256.14N step by step, and the damping force has a linearly incremental relationship with the voltage and the slope of the linear increase is 16.434.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78257902

11.

Visual analysis of Chinese and international green manure research based on bibliometrics
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Ma, Xueting

; Liao, Jiean

; Zhao, Jinfei

Ciência Rural

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2024, Volume 54 N. 5 elocation e20220438

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: To investigate the development and dynamics of green manure research, we collected 802 and 4588 papers on green manure research from China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WoS) between 1992 and 2021, respectively, and conducted quantitative and visual analyses based on bibliometric methods on the annual number of publications, authors and institutions, keywords, and emergent words. The main research hotspots in the field of green manure are discussed and summarized based on the results of the visualization analysis and the important publications explored by the results of the visualization analysis. The results showed that: the overall number of publications on green manure research exhibits an increasing trend, and research in this field is receiving more and more attention; the United States is the core country in this research field, with a great influence; although, the number of Chinese publications is large, the intermediary centrality value is small and the level of scientific research needs to be improved; the research characteristics in the field of green manure research mainly focus on green manure cultivation technology, the effects on soil and crops, and the effects on pests and diseases. The study was conducted based on CiteSpace, a visualization tool of bibliometrics, with comprehensive literature information and intuitive results, providing important references for relevant researchers to understand the extent of research in this field, academic communication, and grasp research dynamics.

RESUMO: Para investigar o desenvolvimento e a dinâmica da pesquisa de adubo verde, coletamos 802 e 4.588 artigos sobre pesquisa de adubo verde da infraestrutura nacional de conhecimento da China (CNKI) e da Web of Science (WoS) entre 1992 e 2021, respectivamente, e realizamos estudos quantitativos e visuais. Análises baseadas em métodos bibliométricos sobre o número anual de publicações, autores e instituições, palavras-chave e palavras emergentes. Os principais focos de pesquisa na área de adubação verde são discutidos e resumidos com base nos resultados da análise de visualização e nas importantes publicações exploradas pelos resultados da análise de visualização. Os resultados mostram que: o número total de publicações sobre a pesquisa de adubação verde apresenta uma tendência crescente, e as pesquisas nessa área estão recebendo cada vez mais atenção; os Estados Unidos são o país central neste campo de pesquisa, com grande influência, embora o número de publicações chinesas seja grande, o valor de centralidade intermediária seja pequeno e o nível de pesquisa científica precise ser melhorado; as características da pesquisa no campo da pesquisa de adubo verde concentram-se principalmente na tecnologia de cultivo de adubo verde, nos efeitos sobre o solo e as culturas e os efeitos sobre pragas e doenças. O estudo foi realizado com base no CiteSpace, ferramenta de visualização da bibliometria, com informações bibliográficas abrangentes e resultados intuitivos, fornecendo referências importantes para pesquisadores relevantes compreenderem a extensão da pesquisa neste campo, a comunicação acadêmica e a compreensão da dinâmica da pesquisa.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220438

12.

MSC-derived exosomes protect auditory hair cells from neomycin-induced damage via autophagy regulation MSCderived MSC derived neomycininduced neomycin induced
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Liu, Huan

; Kuang, Huijuan

; Wang, Yiru

; Bao, Lili

; Cao, Wanxin

; Yu, Lu

; Qi, Meihao

; Wang, Renfeng

; Yang, Xiaoshan

; Ye, Qingyuan

; Ding, Feng

; Ren, Lili

; Liu, Siying

; Ma, Furong

; Liu, Shiyu

Biological Research

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2024, Volume 57 elocation 3

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) poses a major threat to both physical and mental health; however, there is still a lack of effective drugs to treat the disease. Recently, novel biological therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their products, namely, exosomes, are showing promising therapeutic potential due to their low immunogenicity, few ethical concerns, and easy accessibility. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes remain unclear. Results Exosomes derived from MSCs reduced hearing and hair cell loss caused by neomycin-induced damage in models in vivo and in vitro. In addition, MSC-derived exosomes modulated autophagy in hair cells to exert a protective effect. Mechanistically, exogenously administered exosomes were internalized by hair cells and subsequently upregulated endocytic gene expression and endosome formation, ultimately leading to autophagy activation. This increased autophagic activity promoted cell survival, decreased the mitochondrial oxidative stress level and the apoptosis rate in hair cells, and ameliorated neomycin-induced ototoxicity. Conclusions In summary, our findings reveal the otoprotective capacity of exogenous exosome-mediated autophagy activation in hair cells in an endocytosis-dependent manner, suggesting possibilities for deafness treatment. SNHL (SNHL health however disease Recently therapies (MSCs products namely immunogenicity concerns accessibility Nevertheless MSCderived MSC unclear neomycininduced neomycin induced vitro addition effect Mechanistically formation survival ototoxicity summary exosomemediated exosome mediated endocytosisdependent endocytosis dependent manner treatment

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00475-w

13.

Impacto de la Responsabilidad Social empresarial en el desempeño financiero: Evidencia de México
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Cuellar Hernández, Ma. De Lourdes

; Morales Ramírez, Dionicio

; Alvarado Lagunas, Elías

Análisis económico

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dec 2023, Volume 38 N. 99 Pages 101 - 117

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar si la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial tiene un impacto sobre el desempeño financiero de las empresas no financieras listadas en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores. Para lo cual, se construye un índice de responsabilidad social empresarial empleando 12 indicadores que incluyen distintivos, certificaciones, adhesiones o acciones de responsabilidad social en una muestra de 101 empresas para el período 2017 - 2019. El rendimiento sobre los activos (ROA) y el rendimiento sobre el capital (ROE) fueron las variables utilizadas para medir el desempeño financiero. Se examinó la relación entre las variables mediante un análisis de regresión con la técnica de errores estándar corregidos para panel (PCSE). Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos que indican que existe una relación positiva entre las variables. Lo anterior es relevante para los gerentes de las empresas mexicanas, puesto que provee evidencia respecto a los beneficios de ser una empresa socialmente responsable en un país emergente.

Abstract The paper´s aim is to identify if Corporate Social Responsibility has an impact on the financial performance of non-financial companies listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange. For which, an index of corporate social responsibility is constructed using 12 indicators that include distinctives, certifications, adhesions, or actions of social responsibility in a sample of 101 companies for the period 2017 - 2019. The return on assets (ROA) and the return on equity (ROE) were the variables used to measure financial performance. The relationship between the variables was examined by means of a regression analysis with the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) technique. The results were consistent with previous studies that indicate that there is a positive relationship between the variables. The foregoing is relevant for managers of Mexican companies since it provides evidence regarding the benefits of being a socially responsible company in an emerging country.

https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2023v38n99/cuellar

14.

Alejandro Balazote y Hernán Palermo (compiladores). Estudios de ciencias sociales del trabajo. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Universidad de Buenos Aires
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Curbelo, Ma. Magdalena

Revista Uruguaya de Antropología y Etnografía

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dec 2023, Volume 8 N. 2 elocation e401

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.29112/ruae.v8i2.2023

15.

Infarto pulmonar: signos que no debemos dejar pasar en TC de tórax sin contraste
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Airaldo, Dominique

; Gómez-Bolívar, Ana M.

; Ojeda, Gissel

; Catalán-González, Clara

; Sotelo, Maira

; Tregea, Ma. Candelaria

; Flórez, Juan

; Re, Ricardo Heberto

; Larrañaga, Nebil

Revista argentina de radiología

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dec 2023, Volume 87 N. 4 Pages 155 - 159

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Pulmonary infarction (PI) results from occlusion of the distal pulmonary arteries leading to ischemia, hemorrhage, and necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. The most common cause of pulmonary infarction is pulmonary embolism (PE). Early diagnosis of PI allows early initiation of treatment and supportive care, thus reducing the associated morbidity and mortality. This review aims to highlight the importance of identifying signs that are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PE even without IV contrast. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is the method that provides the most information, as it observes classic signs of PI such as wedge-shaped opacity, central lucencies in peripheral consolidation, and the feeding vessel sign, as well as signs with high negative predictive value such as consolidating opacity with air bronchogram that are suggestive of other pathologies, whether infectious or tumoural.

Resumen El infarto pulmonar (IP) resulta de la oclusión de las arterias pulmonares distales que generan isquemia, hemorragia y finalmente necrosis del parénquima pulmonar, siendo la causa más frecuente la embolia pulmonar (EP). El diagnóstico oportuno de IP permite el inicio precoz del tratamiento y el respectivo manejo de sostén, disminuyendo así la morbimortalidad asociada. El objetivo de esta revisión es remarcar la importancia de identificar aquellos signos, que en la tomografía computada (TC) sin contraste son altamente sensibles y específicos para el diagnóstico de IP. La TC de alta resolución constituye el método que más información aporta, pudiendo observar signos clásicos de IP como la opacidad en forma de cuña, opacidad con radiolucencia central y el signo del vaso nutricio; así como signos con alto valor predictivo negativo para IP, como la opacidad consolidativa con broncograma aéreo, sugestivo de otras patologías, ya sean infecciosas o tumorales.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rar.23000037

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