O trabalho de campo nas serras vizinhas do nosso litoral continua a render anfíbios novos e raros. Aos já versados em publicações anteriores, acrescentamos as quatro espécies que formam o assunto so presente trabalho. Duas delas, ambas novas, pertencem ao gênero Eleutherodactylus, não só pelo seu hábitat e sua morfologia como também pelos caracteres osteológicos, verificados em exemplares diafanisados pelo meu ilustre colega Sr. ANTENOR LEITÂO DE CARVALHO e estudados por ambos os herpetólogos do Museu Nacional. Diferem das outras espécies do gênero pertencentes á fauna regional apenas pelo porte lanceolado e esgio e pelos discos mais curtos e mais largos de alguns dos dedos. As fêmeas da espéciemenor continham um certo número de ovos macrolecitais, característicos do gênero, cujo desenvolvimento é embrionário, sem fase larval. É interessante notar que, em duas delas, só os ovários direitos eram perceptíveis externamente. As outras duas espécies aqui versadas se filiam ao gênero Holoaden criado, em 1920, pelo nosso eminente predecessor, Professor ALIPIO DE MIRANDA RIBEIRO. Trata-se do genótipo, H. lüderwaldti, que continua a ser raríssimo, e de H. bradei nov. sp., que é muito abundante na localidade-tipo e parece endêmico no Alto Itatiaia.

Field-work in the sierras near the sea-board of south-eastern Brazil continues to yield new or rare frogs. Four more of these forms are presented here. Two of them, both new, are put into the genus Eleutherodactylus, to which they belong by their general habitat, morphology, and also by the osteological characters. They differs from the known regional species of this genus only by the wider and shorter disks of some of the digits and the more lanceolate build. The other two species belong to the very little known genus Holoaden, established by MIRANDA RIBEIRO in 1920. One of them is his type-species, H. lüderwaldti, which continues to be very rare. The other, H. bradei, is new. It seems endemic to the Upper Itatiaia and is very plentiful there.

Ao correr dos últimos anos, a co-autora dêste trabalho vem se dedicando ao estudo da fauna anura das zonas mais elevadas das serras vizinhas da costa brasileira. Êste fato conduziu à descoberta, ou ao conhecimento mais exato, de certo número de formas muito interessantes que não ocorrem em altitudes menores ou na planície. Uma destas formas constitui o assunto do presente trabalho. Tratando-se de batrácio que não se enquadra perfeitamente em nenhum dos gêneros descritos, resolveu ela consultar o seu colega Sr. Antenor Leitão de Carvalho, conhecedor exímio de anatomia, que diafanisou um exemplar adulto e outro juvenil. Os caractéres osteológicos encontrados levaram á criação de mais um gênero cujos caractéres diferenciais são enumerados abaixo. Ficou resolvido que seria descrito por ambos os herpetologistas do Museu Nacional, de conjunto, versando a autora as suas notas de campo, os caractéres morfológicos e o texto, ao passo que o autor contribuiria com a osteologia, os desenhos e as mensurações. O nome genérico foi sugerido pela autora e o específico pelo Sr. Antenor Leitão de Carvalho, em homenagem ao Professor Adolpho Lutz, um dos pioneiros no estudo dos anfíbios anuros do Brasil. A propósito da designação específica, a autora, filha de Adolpho Lutz, deseja publicar preliminarmente a Nota, por ela assinada, que segue sob a sua responsabilidade pessoal.

During the last years, one of the authors has turned her attention, increasingly, to the anuran fauna of the high forested ranges near the sea-board of S.E. Brazil. This has led to the finding of a number of very interesting frogs which do not occur in the lower, mesic, or, occasionally, xeric, open country. One of these forms is presented here. As it did not fit perfectly into any of the known genera, she decided to consult her fellow herpetologist at the National Museum, Mr. Antenor Leitão de Carvalho, who is interested in anatomy. He cleared an adult and a juvenille specimen; the osteological characters found are given below. Joint publication was decided upon, one author contributing her field-notes and the morphological characters and drafting the text, whereas the other contributed the osteology, drawings and measurements. The specific name was also chosen by Leitão de Carvalho, in homage to the late Professor Adolpho Lutz, a pioneer in the study of Brazilian frogs. In regard to the specific designation, the co-author and daughter of Adolpho Lutz wishes to publish the following.

The Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, known as Instituto de Manguinhos during the life-time of its foundr, is primus inter pares among the biological research institutions of Brazil. It had a good beginning, for a number of outstanding men were brought together to lay the foundations of a school of research. Future scientists were selected among the most promisin youn medical men. In half a century, it has assumed leadership, in Tropical Medicine and Zoology, and in pure Biology as well. Several of the scientists have been interested in Botany, foremost among them Dr. LUTZ, who always collected plants and studied the flora wherever he went, and left a Herbarium of about two thousan plants. Drs. HENRIQUE ARAGÃO and SOUZA ARAÚJO, also collected in Minas, and gave their collections to Dr. LUTZ. A list of the plants collected by ARAGÃO and LUTZ on the Serra da Mantiqueira, at Pacáu, where Dr. ARAGÃO's family had a fazenda, especially at two interesting points, Morro da Mira and Campos de Safira, is given below. Tribute is paid to Dr. ARAGÃO, Dean of the living research workers of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, for the stimulus, which as Director, he gave to non-medical, biological research, including Oceanography Limnology and especially Plant Ecology.

The frogs of the Federal District of Brazil are listed and discussed as to habit, biology and ecology. The F. D is situated 22° 54' 24" S. & 43° 10' 21" W Gr. and comprises 1.356 km². Its topography includes sea-shore, maritime scrub, lagoons, plains and marsh, open slopes, forested mountains and great heads of rock. Three thousand feet of altitude are attained at two points. Fifty two different frogs occur in the F.D. Three fifths of them live in open country. Two fifths of these have never been found above the plains; the others range higher but mostly in open country. Their environment offers conditions suitable for average tadpoles and adults. these frogs are more or less unspecialized. There are six genera and thirty species. Two thirds of the latter belong to the type genera of the large neotropical families Bufonidae, Leptodactylidae and Hylidae. Only in the maritime scrub formation are conditions somewhat different. Water for average tadpoles is provided by the lagoons. The xerophytism of the vegetation is, however, so marked that bromeliads growing on the ground provide almost the only appropriate shelter for adult tree-frogs used to sleeping upright on the vegetation. One large Hylid genus lives entirely in them. It is casque-headed and phragmotic, shutting the lumen of the leaf-cup with head used as a plug. Another large Hylid genus shows a lesser degree of the same specialization. (Lutz A & Lutz B, 1939 II). One genus with two species is entirely saxicolous; it lives on wet ledges of rock at all phases of its life history. (B. Lutz 1948). The other two fifths of the frogs from F. D. are montane forest forms. Their environment offers numerous and varied biotopes and is near optimum for adults. There is,however, hardly any standing water available for larvae. These frogs are ecologically diversified. They also show a general trend towards spawning in the adult biotipe, which leads to delayed hatching, semi-aquatic and terrestrial larvae and direct development. (B Lutz, 1948). The author interprets the morphological specialization of the casque-headed Hylids and the biological specialization of the montane forest forms as adaptive. Casque-headedness and phragmosis increase protection against blood-suckers and predators. The humidity of the rain forest permits eggs, embryos and larvae to develop, unharmed, outside their usual, aquatic, environment.

Hyla claresignata Lutz & Lutz, 1939, is a large species apparently not closely allied to the other known Brazilian hylas. It is characterized by the very small tympanum; the head is short and the snout rounded; the legs are long, the hands and feet unusually large, the latter extensively webbbed. The specific name is derived from the insular, irregular, or roughly triangular, dark spots, with a light halo, found mostly in the dorso-lateral region and on the legs. It belongs to the rain-forest fauna of the Marítime Range. The adult is a bromeliad-dweller and the tadpole rhyacophilous. DESCRIPTION. Vomerine teeth in two separate, oblique, groups, behind the large choanae, parallel to the posterior half of their inner border. Tongue entire, short, very broad and hardly free behind. Snout short, rounded, with distinct canthus rostralis and gradually sloping loreal region. Eye very large and prominent, its horizontal diameter almost equal to the distance between its anterior corner and the tip of the snout. Tympanum very small, less than one third of the diameter of the eye, but distinct, partly covered by a short, heavy ridge. Lateral fingers less than one third webbed; fourth finger slightly longer than the second, just reaching the base of the disk of the third; subarticular tubercles well developed; an angular pollex rudiment, more noticeable in the males. Toes almost completely webbed, the edge of the web inserted at the base of the disk on the third and the fifth; an inner metatarsal tubercle. Skin smooth above, granular beneath, on the throat minutely so. No dermal appendage on the hell. Habit robust, head broader than long, body rather heavy, slightly narrowed in the postaxillary region. Legs long, the tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the tip of the snout when adpressed. Type (female): 61 mm. (Fig. 1.) DIAGNOSIS of TADPOLE (by G. Orton). "A large specialized, mountain-stream tadpole, with wide head an elongated, flattened snout, greatly enlarged lips and high tooth formula. Eyes dorsal. Spiracle sinistral, projecting, situated far back on side. Anus dextral. Tooth formula 8/12 to 9/14 in fully grown larvae. Tail with a prominent, vertical dark band across musculature and fins; a second concentration of dark pigment near tip of tail, may or may not form a similar but narrower band. Maximum known total length: 60mm.; head and body length 25mm. (Figs. 6 e 7). For further details see Lutz & Lutz, 1939 and Lutz B. & Orton G. 1946.