Abstract Introduction Dysphonia is an oral communication disorder. The voice and hearing are interrelated aspects. Hearing is an important sensory input for monitoring the vocal pattern. The relation between hearing abilities and dysphonia represents a contribution both in scientific and in clinical terms, especially in cases in which satisfactory results are not achieved in the therapeutic process. Objective To characterize long-latency auditory evoked potential (P300) with tonal and complex stimuli, and to make a behavioral evaluation of auditory processing in adults with behavioral dysphonia. Method The sample used for the present study consisted of 20 subjects from both genders with ages ranging from 18 and 58, who were diagnosed with behavioral dysphonia. The evaluations occurred in a single 2-hour session, in which the procedures of clinical history, pure tone and speech audiometries, acoustic immittance measures, and behavioral and electrophysiological evaluations of auditory processing were performed. Results The descriptive measures of P3 latency elicited by tonal and complex stimuli showed similar results for the right and left ears, without statistically significant differences. In the qualitative analysis, the results observed were within the normality patterns for the P3 component for both tonal and complex stimuli. As for the behavioral evaluation of auditory processing, abnormal results were observed in 100% of the sample. Abnormalities were found in the auditory skills of ordering and temporal resolution and figure-background obtained from the duration pattern, random gap detection, and dichotic tests (syllables and words), respectively. Conclusion The evaluated patients presented central auditory processing disorder, evidenced by behavioral assessment.

Abstract Introduction The auditory structures of the brainstem are involved in binaural interaction, which contributes to sound location and auditory figure-background perception. Objective To investigate the performance of young adults in the masking level difference (MLD) test, brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) with click stimulus, and frequency-following response (FFR), as well as to verify the correlation between the findings, considering the topographic origin of the components of these procedures. Methods A total of 20 female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age, with normal hearing and no complaints concerning central auditory processing underwent a basic audiological evaluation, as well as the MLD test, BAEP and FFR. Results The mean result on the MLD test was of 10.70 dB. There was a statistically significant difference in the absolute latencies of waves I, III and V in the BAEPs of the ears. A change in the FFR characterized by the absence of the C, E and F waves was noticed. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive correlation of wave V in the BAEPs with the MLD. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive correlation of the mean MLD and the V, A and F components of the FFR. Conclusion The mean MLD was adequate. In the BAEPs, we observed that the click stimulus transmission occurred faster in the right ear. The FFR showed absence of some components. The mean MLD correlated positively with the BAEPs and FFR.

RESUMO A avaliação eletrofisiológica e comportamental do processamento auditivo tem sido uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico e monitoramento terapêutico de indivíduos pós traumatismo cranioencefálico. No presente relato de caso o paciente foi submetido à avaliação eletrofisiológica e comportamental do processamento auditivo pré e pós treinamento auditivo acusticamente controlado (TAAC) e seis meses após a intervenção. O TAAC foi organizado em oito sessões, enfocando o treinamento das habilidades auditivas de ordenação temporal, fechamento auditivo e figura-fundo. Na avaliação pós TAAC foi observada melhora quanto aos processos gnósicos de codificação, organização e não verbal. Em relação à avaliação eletrofisiológica houve melhora na morfologia e na latência das ondas do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico e na amplitude do componente potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência (P300). Na reavaliação após 6 meses do TACC foi verificada estabilidade e melhora da avaliação comportamental e eletrofisiológica. O treinamento auditivo acusticamente controlado mostrou-se eficaz ao desenvolver e refinar diferentes habilidades auditivas como demonstrado na avaliação eletrofisiológica e comportamental do processamento auditivo e os benefícios mostraram-se estáveis no longo prazo.

ABSTRACT Electrophysiological and behavioral assessment of auditory processing has been an important tool for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in individuals after traumatic brain injury. In this case report, the patient underwent electrophysiological and behavioral assessment of auditory processing pre and post acoustically controlled auditory training (ACAT) and six months after the intervention. The ACAT was organized in eight sessions, focusing on the training of auditory abilities of temporal ordering, auditory closure and figure-ground. Post evaluation ACAT showed better results considering the processes of encoding, organization, and non-verbal. Electrophysiological evaluation showed improved morphology and shorter latencies in auditory brainstem response and higher amplitude of long latency auditory evoked potential (P300). During the reassessment six months after of the ACAT, stability and improved behavioral and electrophysiological evaluation were observed. Acoustically controlled auditory training proved to be effective in developing and refining different auditory abilities as demonstrated in electrophysiological and behavioral assessments of the central auditory processing and the benefits were stable long term.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar se há relação entre as habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida e o diagnóstico de linguagem entre os 2 e 4 anos de idade em crianças nascidas pré-termo com peso abaixo de 2000 gramas. Métodos: foram selecionados um grupo de 54 crianças com emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulos transientes presentes nos primeiros três meses, com avaliação audiológica comportamental entre os 6 e 18 meses e avaliação de linguagem entre os 2 e 4 anos de idade. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre a ocorrência de reflexo cócleo palpebral e a habilidade de localização sonora entre 6 e 18 meses com resultado da avaliação de linguagem.Em relação à habilidade de reconhecimento de ordens verbais entre os 12 e 18 meses foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante.Crianças que apresentam reconhecimento de ordens verbais alterado entre 12 e 18 meses tem 12,25 vezes mais chances de apresentar linguagem alterada entre os 2 e 4 anos. Conclusão: existe uma relação entre o reconhecimento de ordens verbais alterado entre 12 e 18 meses e a alteração no resultado da avaliação de linguagem entre os 2 e 4 anos.

ABSTRACT Purpose: this article aims at investigating the relation between the hearing abilities in the first year of life and the diagnosis of language between 2 and 4 years of age in preterm infants born weighing less than 2,000 grams. Methods: the infants were selected from the database of this program composing a group of 54 infants with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions present in the first three months, with an auditory behavior between 6 and 18 months and an evaluation of language between 2 and 4 years of age. Results: there were no statistically significant differences between the occurrence of cochlear-palpebral reflex and the ability of sound localization between 6 and 18 months regarding result of language assessment. Regarding the ability of recognition of verbal commands for children aged between 12 and 18 months, there was a statistically significant difference. Infants who present alteration on the recognition of verbal commands from 12 to 18 months are 12.25 times more likely to have language alteration at the age between 2 and 4 years. Conclusion: there is a relation between alteration on the recognition of verbal commands for children aged between 12 and 18 months and the alteration in the result of language evaluation for those aged between 2 and 4 years.

RESUMO Introdução A aplicabilidade do potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável tem crescido no diagnóstico audiológico. Objetivo Verificar a correlação entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos obtidos no Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável e os limiares comportamentais obtidos na audiometria tonal liminar em crianças e adolescentes com audição normal e perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau moderado a moderadamente severo. Métodos Foram avaliados 25 indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idade entre 5 e 15 anos, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: 15 indivíduos com audição normal e 10 indivíduos com perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau moderado a moderadamente severo. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a: audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria, medidas de imitância acústica (timpanometria e pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos) e ao potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável. Resultados No grupo com audição normal, os limiares eletrofisiológicos máximos situaram-se entre 19 a 27 dBcgNA. No grupo com perda auditiva de grau moderado a moderadamente severo, a correlação encontrada foi de 0,42 a 0,74. As diferenças médias do limiar eletrofisiológico e o limiar comportamental situaram-se entre: –0,3 e 12 dB para o grupo de audição normal e de –9 e 2 dB no grupo com perda auditiva de grau moderado a moderadamente severo. Conclusão No grupo com audição normal não houve correlação entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos e comportamentais, em contrapartida foi encontrada correlação positiva no grupo com perda de grau moderado a moderadamente severo.

ABSTRACT Introduction The applicability of the Steady-State Auditory Evoked Potential has grown in audiological diagnosis. Objective To investigate the correlation between the electrophysiological thresholds and behavioural thresholds in individuals with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss. Method We evaluated 25 individuals of both genders aged between 5 and 15 years divided into the following groups: 15 individuals with normal hearing and 10 individuals with moderate and moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. The individuals were submitted to pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic impedance and Steady-State Auditory Evoked Potential. Results In the group with normal hearing, the maximum thresholds electrophysiological ranged from 19 to 27dBcgNA. In the group with moderate and moderately severe hearing loss the correlation was 0.42 to 0.74. Mean differences in electrophysiological and behavioural thresholds were between –0.3 and 12dB for the normal hearing group, –9 and 2dB in the moderate and moderately hearing loss group. Conclusion In the group with normal hearing there was no correlation between the electrophysiological and behavioural thresholds, however positive correlation was found in the group with loss of moderate and moderately severe.

Objetivo Verificar a correlação entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos obtidos no Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável (PEAEE) e os limiares comportamentais obtidos com audiometria tonal liminar, em crianças e adolescentes com perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau severo e profundo e perda auditiva de configuração descendente. Métodos Foram avaliados 20 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 5 e 15 anos, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: 10 indivíduos com perda auditiva neurossensorial descendente (GD) e 10 indivíduos com perda auditiva neurossensorial horizontal de grau severo e profundo (GS). Os indivíduos foram submetidos à audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria, medidas de imitância acústica e ao potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável, nas frequências de 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz e 4000 Hz. Resultados No grupo com perda descendente, a correlação foi de 0,68 a 0,94 e no grupo com perda auditiva de grau severo e profundo, a correlação foi de 0,59 a 0,86. As diferenças médias do limiar do PEAEE e do limiar da audiometria situaram-se entre 1,4 e 7,5 dB no grupo com perda descendente e entre -0,40 e -8,5 dB, no grupo com perda auditiva de grau severo e profundo. Conclusão Houve correlação positiva entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos e comportamentais nos grupos de crianças e adolescentes com perda auditiva neurossensorial horizontal de grau severo e profundo e descendente.

Purpose To verify the correlation between the electrophysiological thresholds in Auditory Evoked Potential Steady State (ASSR) and behavioral thresholds obtained with pure tone audiometry in children and adolescents with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and steeply sloping hearing loss. Methods Twenty subjects from both gender aged between five and 15 years-old were evaluated and divided into the following groups: 10 subjects with steeply sloping sensorineural hearing loss and 10 subjects with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The subjects underwent pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry (SRT and SDT), acoustic immittance measures and ASSR. Results In the group with steeply sloping hearing loss, the correlation was 0.68 and 0.94. In the group with severe to profound hearing loss, the correlation was 0.59 to 0.86. Mean differences between ASSR and audiometry threshold were 1.4 and 7.5 dB in the group with steeply sloping hearing loss and -0.40 e-8.5 dB in the group with severe to profound hearing loss. Conclusion There was a positive correlation between the electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds in children and adolescents with severe to profound hearing loss and steeply sloping hearing loss.

Os lactentes devem ser submetidos à triagem auditiva ao nascimento e, para que os resultados sejam completos, é necessário avaliar as condições de orelha média. OBJETIVO: Verificar se o tipo de amamentação em lactentes de zero a quatro meses tem influência nas condições de orelha média por meio da avaliação otorrinolaringológica e das medidas de imitância acústica, comparando neonatos que passaram na triagem auditiva com os que falharam. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Realizaram-se emissões otoacústicas (EOA) em 60 lactentes de zero a quatro meses. Foram distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo grupo I lactentes com EOA presente e grupo II lactentes com EOA ausente. Foram submetidos à timpanometria, com tom teste de 1000 Hz e avaliação otorrinolaringológica. RESULTADOS: Os lactentes que eram alimentados por mamadeira exclusiva ou aleitamento misto apresentaram mais alterações na timpanometria e na avaliação otorrinolaringológica, com diferença estatisticamente significante. Os com aleitamento materno apresentaram maior ocorrência de timpanogramas normais e avaliação otorrinolaringológica normal, com diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que os lactentes que receberam aleitamento materno apresentaram menos alterações na avaliação otorrinolaringológica e nas medidas de imitância acústica, permitindo, assim, que as EOA estivessem presentes. O aleitamento materno exclusivo poderia ser considerado como fator de proteção contra alterações da orelha média.

Infants should be submitted to hearing screening upon birth, and for the results to be complete, it is necessary to assess middle ear conditions. OBJECTIVE: To check whether the type of breastfeeding in infants between zero and four months can impact middle ear conditions my means an ENT assessment and acoustic immittance comparing neonates who were submitted to hearing screening with those who failed it. Materials and METHODS: Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) was carried out in 60 infants between zero and four months. They were distributed in two groups; group I had the infants with OAE and those infants in group II did not have OAE. They were submitted to tympanometry with a 1000 Hz test tone and ENT assessment. RESULTS: Bottle fed infants or those who were fed in a mixed way had more changes to their audiometry and ENT assessment, with a statistically significant difference. The breastfed infants had a higher occasion of normal tympanometries and normal otorhinolaryngological assessment, with statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: We then concluded that those breastfed implants had less ENT changes and as well as less acoustic immittance change, thus enabling OAEs. Breastfeeding alone can be considered a protection factor against middle ear changes.