Resumo As armadilhas extracelulares de neutrófilos (NETs) foram relatadas pela primeira vez como uma estratégia microbicida para neutrófilos ativados. Por meio de uma resposta imunológica contra vários estímulos, os neutrófilos liberam seu DNA ligado a proteínas de grânulos, núcleo e citoplasma (por exemplo, elastase e mieloperoxidase). Até o momento, os NETs têm sido implicadas em danos aos tecidos durante processos inflamatórios intensos, principalmente quando sua liberação depende da geração de radicais de oxigênio. Os flavonóides são agentes antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórios, e destes, a quercetina é comumente encontrada em nossa dieta diária. Portanto, a quercetina pode exercer alguma atividade protetora contra o dano tecidual induzido por NETs. Em nossos ensaios in vitro, a quercetina reduziu a liberação das NETs, mieloperoxidase (MPO) e elastase a partir de neutrófilos estimulados com forbol 12-miristato 13-acetato (PMA). A atividade dessas enzimas também foi diminuída na presença de quercetina. A quercetina também reduziu o efeito citotóxico dos NETs sobre células alveolares (linha celular A549). Além disso, os ensaios in silico indicaram interações favoráveis entre a quercetina e as proteínas da NET (MPO e elastase). No geral, nossos resultados demonstram que a quercetina diminui os efeitos deletérios das NETs, reduzindo sua liberação à partir de neutrófilos ativados e diminuindo a atividade enzimática de MPO e elastase, possivelmente por meio de interação direta.

Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were first reported as a microbicidal strategy for activated neutrophils. Through an immunologic response against several stimuli, neutrophils release their DNA together with proteins from granules, nucleus, and cytoplasm (e.g., elastase and myeloperoxidase). To date, NETs have been implicated in tissue damage during intense inflammatory processes, mainly when their release is dependent on oxygen radical generation. Flavonoids are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents; of these, quercetin is commonly found in our daily diet. Therefore, quercetin could exert some protective activity against tissue damage induced by NETs. In our in vitro assays, quercetin reduced NETs, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and elastase release from neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The activity of these enzymes also decreased in the presence of quercetin. Quercetin also reduced the cytotoxic effect of NETs on alveolar cells (A549 cell line). Further, in silico assays indicated favorable interactions between quercetin and NET proteins (MPO and elastase). Overall, our results demonstrate that quercetin decreases deleterious cellular effects of NETs by reducing their release from activated neutrophils, and diminishing the enzymatic activity of MPO and elastase, possibly through direct interaction.

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is among the most important food crops in the world. Due to its high genetic diversity, this species has cultivars that can respond in different ways depending on mineral fertilization. Among the nutrients, phosphorus is related to physiological and biochemical processes that can influence the final quality of the product. This study aimed to assess the influence of P doses on the quality and bioactive compounds of sweet potato cultivars - Paraná, BRS Amélia, and BRS Cuia. The pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, and the bioactive compounds - flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids - were evaluated. The P doses influenced sweet potato cultivars. The dose of 120 kg ha-1 promoted increments in the parameters pH, SS, TA, and SS/TA ratio for the cultivar BRS Cuia. The same dose promoted an increase in total soluble sugars for the cultivar BRS Amélia. P dose of 240 kg ha-1 promoted higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in the cultivar Paraná, and there was an increase in carotenoid content at the dose of 60 kg ha-1.

RESUMO A batata-doce está entre as culturas alimentícias mais importantes do mundo. Por apresentar alta diversidade genética, essa espécie possui cultivares que podem responder de maneiras diferentes em função da adubação mineral. Dentre os nutrientes, o fósforo está relacionado com processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos que podem influenciar na qualidade final do produto. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de doses de P na qualidade e compostos bioativos de cultivares de batata-doce - Paraná, BRS Amélia e BRS Cuia. Foram avaliados o pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, açúcares solúveis e os compostos bioativos - flavonoides, antocianinas e carotenoides. As doses de P influenciaram as cultivares de batata-doce. A dose de 120 kg ha-1 promoveu incrementos nos parâmetros pH, SS, AT e relação SS/AT para a cultivar BRS Cuia. A mesma dose promoveu incrementos nos açúcares solúveis totais para a cultivar BRS Amélia. A dose de 240 kg ha-1 promoveu maiores teores de flavonoides e antocianinas na cultivar Paraná, e houve aumento no teor de carotenoides na dose de 60 kg ha-1.

This is an initial study using infrared (IR) in silico data as a standard database in preliminary method for new synthetic seized drugs. For this purpose, ten of the most common synthetic illicit seized substances on the Brazilian market were compared and computational chemistry was used as a tool for theoretical standard database. Infrared data from standard electronic library, experimental data from seized samples and data simulated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) were evaluated. The feasibility of the method was based on the degree of correlation of evaluated data. The results suggest that the computational methodology can be a viable way to analyze the structures of new synthetic drugs and obtain preliminary infrared profiles. Correlations data indicated a presumptive identification of the analyzed samples and it was also possible to observe a preliminary identification of drugs in five classes. However, it was observed that some synthetic cathinones and phenylethylamines were confused with amphetamines. Therefore, new studies must be developed to optimize the use of these data, because the simulated IR spectra can be advantageous to evaluate the profile of possible substances that may be synthesized in the future. (IR purpose library DFT (DFT profiles classes However amphetamines Therefore future

Abstract Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) infection results in death and hospitalization of thousands of people worldwide each year. Unfortunately, there are no vaccines or specific treatments for hRSV infections. Screening hundreds or even thousands of promising molecules is a challenge for science. We integrated biological, structural, and physicochemical properties to train and to apply the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) able to predict flavonoids with potential anti-hRSV activity. During the training and simulation steps, the AI produced results with hit rates of more than 83%. The better AIs were able to predict active or inactive flavonoids against hRSV. In the future, in vitro and/or in vivo evaluations of these flavonoids may accelerate trials for new anti-RSV drugs, reduce hospitalizations, deaths, and morbidity caused by this infection worldwide, and be used as input in these networks to determine which parameter is more important for their decision.

Resumo A infecção pelo Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano (hRSV) resulta na morte e hospitalização de milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo a cada ano. Infelizmente, não existem vacinas ou tratamentos específicos para tais infecções. A testagem de centenas, ou mesmo milhares, de moléculas promissoras é um desafio para a ciência. Neste trabalho, nós integramos propriedades biológicas, estruturais e físico-químicas para treinar e aplicar o conceito de inteligência artificial (IA) capaz de prever flavonoides com potencial atividade anti-hRSV. Durante as etapas de treinamento e simulação, a IA produziu resultados com taxas de acerto superiores a 83%, sendo capaz de prever flavonoides ativos ou inativos contra o hRSV. No futuro, avaliações in vitro e/ou in vivo desses flavonoides poderão acelerar os testes de novas drogas anti-RSV, reduzir hospitalizações, mortes e morbidade causadas por essa infecção. Além disso, a validação futura destes dados poderá determinar qual parâmetro tem maior peso na decisão da inteligência.

Abstract Simultaneous analysis studies of several agronomic traits in cultivated plants make it possible to identify phenotypic and genotypic differences due to environmental variations, such as altitude. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate, through multivariate analysis of agronomic, physicochemical and physiological characters, passion fruit hybrids cultivated in different environments. The hybrids used were Gigante Amarelo, Rubi do Cerrado and Sol do Cerrado, cultivated in the southern region of Espírito Santo in four municipalities/environments: Marataízes (41 m), Jerônimo Monteiro (104 m), Alegre (711 m), and Ibitirama (1016 m). The agronomic characters of the plants, the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits and the physical, biochemical and physiological qualities of the seeds were analyzed. The Singh method was used to determine the most important differentiating characters between hybrids growing in different environments. Based on these characters, a dissimilarity matrix was generated and a principal coordinate analysis was performed. It was observed that the pulp yield was influenced by altitude. The three hybrids showed greater performance in terms of agronomic characters at altitude (41 m) than at altitude (104 m). The Sol do Cerrado hybrid showed high performance in the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits at altitude (104 m).

Resumo Estudos de análise simultânea de diversos caracteres agronômicos em plantas cultivadas permitem identificar diferenças fenotípicas e genotípicas devido a variações ambientais, como a altitude. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar através da análise multivariada de caracteres agronômicos, fisico-químicos e fisiológicos, híbridos de maracujazeiros cultivados em diferentes ambientes. Os híbridos utilizados foram Gigante Amarelo, Rubi do Cerrado e Sol do Cerrado, cultivados na região sul do Espírito Santo em quatro municípios/ambientes: Marataízes (41 m), Jerônimo Monteiro (104 m), Alegre (711 m), e Ibitirama (1016 m). Foram analisados os caracteres agronômicos das plantas, as características físico-químicas dos frutos e as qualidades físicas, bioquímicas e fisiológicas das sementes. O método Singh foi usado para determinar os caracteres diferenciadores mais importantes entre híbridos crescendo em diferentes ambientes. Com base nesses caracteres, uma matriz de dissimilaridade foi gerada e uma análise de coordenadas principais foi realizada. Observou-se que o rendimento de polpa foi influenciado pela altitude. Os três híbridos apresentaram maior desempenho em termos de caracteres agronômicos na altitude (41 m) do que na altitude (104 m). O híbrido Sol do Cerrado apresentou alto desempenho nas características físico-químicas dos frutos na altitude (104 m).

Abstract The impact of the Antarctic Ozone Hole Influence over Southern Brazil in October 2015 was analyzed using daily mean data of the Total Column Ozone (TCO), Ultraviolet Index (UVI) and Radiative Cloud Fraction (RCF) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument satellite instrument. Vertical profiles and fields of ozone content and Potential Vorticity available from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast reanalysis, air masses backward trajectories from the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model and channel 3 water vapor images from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-13 were also analyzed. The five identified events showed an -7.4±2.3% average TCO reduction, leading to an +16.6±54.6% UVI increase even with a predominance of partly cloudy days. Other impacts were observed in the ozone profiles, where the most significant anomalies occurred from 650 K reaching 1.2 ppmv at the 850 K level. In the ozone fields at 700 K, the presence of a polar origin tongue was observed causing negatives anomalies between -0.2 and 0.4 ppmv in a transient system format forced with eastward-traveling Rossby waves passing through the Southern of Brazil and Uruguay.

ABSTRACT The quantification of torques and moments of inertia for horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine driveline is important to precisely predict the dynamic behavior of the complete system. Initially, this paper presents different models used in the literature for describing torques and moments of inertia of turbine components. A dynamic model of a small hydrokinetic turbine using belt transmission is developed. The model uses the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) for determining the power coefficient of the turbine rotor. It considers the inertial effects and dissipative torques of the whole system. The results of the turbine dynamical behavior are compared with experimental data, showing good agreement. In order to numerically analyze a more efficient drivetrain, the belt transmission is replaced by a planetary gearbox in the model, and the new results are also assessed. It was found that with planetary gears, a more compact transmission can be used, reducing the inertial effects, bringing a better performance to the machine starting, shortening the transient regime time. system Initially components developed BEM (BEM rotor data agreement drivetrain assessed gears starting time

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen that is a common cause of severe infections, including pyogenic liver abscess. Dissemination of K. pneumoniae to other organs, including the eye, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the particular case of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) by K. pneumoniae the prognosis is poor. We report the case of a middle-aged female with K. pneumoniae liver abscess. The patient developed metastatic endophthalmitis that was aggressively treated with systemic antibiotics. The liver abscess resolved with antimicrobials and percutaneous transhepatic drainage, but regarding the endophthalmitis she was discharged from our hospital without recovery of her eyesight. Metastatic spread to the eye should be considered in all patients with liver abscesses who experience ocular signs and symptoms in order to establish a timely diagnosis of EE.

Resumo A Klebsiella pneumoniae, bactéria gram-negativa, é causa comum de infeções graves, incluindo abscesso hepático piogénico. A disseminação da K. pneumoniae para outros órgãos, incluindo o olho, está associada a morbimortalidade significativas. A endoftalmite endógena por K. pneumoniae, apresenta um mau prognóstico. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de meia-idade com um abscesso hepático por K. pneumoniae. A paciente desenvolveu en doftalmite metastática, tratada agressivamente com antibióticos sistêmicos. O abscesso hepático foi resolvido com antibioterapia e drenagem percutânea. No que diz respeito à endoftalmite a paciente acabou por ter alta clínica sem recuperação da visão. A disseminação metastática para o olho deve ser considerada em todos os pa cientes com abscessos hepáticos que apresentam sinais e sintomas oculares, a fim de estabelecer um diagnóstico oportuno de endoftalmite endógena.

Resumo O Brasil é um dos líderes mundiais no setor do agronegócio e essa liderança tende a impactar diretamente numa dependência crescente de insumos importados, especificamente, agroquímicos sintéticos. A nível de estado, em 2013, o Tocantins se destacava em primeiro lugar no ranking de consumidores de agroquímicos, contudo, esses produtos podem causar diversos problemas, como intoxicação ao homem, contaminação do ambiente e aumento da resistência de fitopatógenos. Um método alternativo ao uso de agroquímicos é o controle biológico, o qual busca a eliminação de pragas de forma natural, utilizando-se de organismos vivos chamados de Agentes de Controle Biológico (ACB). Atualmente, entre os organismos mais usados no controle biológico de pragas estão os fungos do gênero Trichoderma, isto, por possuir algumas características relevantes que os favorecem em termos de sobrevivência no ambiente, tais como: a alta capacidade de adaptação às condições ecológicas, potencial em colonizar a rizosfera das plantas, micoparasitismo, produção de metabólitos voláteis e não voláteis. Além disso, atua no crescimento e produtividade das plantas. Geralmente, o uso de Trichoderma favorece o controle de patógenos do solo, como: Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Sclerotinia e nematoides. Assim, a presente revisão visa demostrar a importância da utilização do Trichoderma no controle biológico, assim como apresentar um panorama e perspectivas das pesquisas desenvolvidas por pesquisados da região Centro-Oeste brasileiro e no estado do Tocantins.

Abstract Brazil is one of the world leaders in the agribusiness sector tending to directly influence a growing dependence on imported inputs, specifically synthetic agrochemicals. At the state level, in 2013, Tocantins stood out in first place in the ranking of agrochemical consumers, however, these products can cause several problems, such as poisoning to humans, environmental contamination, and increased resistance to phytopathogens. Biological control is an alternative to the use of agrochemicals towards eliminating pests naturally by using living organisms called Biological Control Agents (BCA). Currently, fungi of the Trichoderma genus are some of the most used organisms in biological pest control for their relevant characteristics that favor them in terms of survival in the environment, such as high capacity to adapt to ecological conditions, potential to colonize the rhizosphere of plants, mycoparasitism, production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In addition, it works on plant growth and productivity. In general, the use of Trichoderma favors the control of soil pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Sclerotinia, and nematodes. Thus, this review aims to demonstrate the importance of using Trichoderma in biological control, as well as to present an overview and perspectives of research developed by respondents in the Brazilian Midwest region and Tocantins state.

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar os microrganismos e sua suscetibilidade antimicrobiana em uroculturas de idosos residentes de uma instituição de longa permanência. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal com 116 indivíduos de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos de um município do sul da Bahia. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e utilizou-se Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram realizadas coleta e análise laboratorial de urina tipo I e urocultura. Realizaram-se testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos conforme os critérios do European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Para o diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário, foram utilizados os critérios de McGeer. A análise de dados se deu por estatística descritiva, com frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados A prevalência de infecção do trato urinário foi de 33,62%, com predominância no sexo feminino e idade acima de 80 anos. Os uropatógenos foram: 69,2% Escherichia coli, 20,6% Klebsiella pneumoniae e 5,1% Providencia stuartii e Acinetobacter baumannii. As cepas de E. coli apresentaram suscetibilidade para a maior parte dos antimicrobianos; já nas de K. pneumoniae, a suscetibilidade foi variável. P. stuartii e A. baumannii não apresentaram resistência a carbapenêmicos e aos betalactâmicos aztreonam e piperacilina associados a tazobactam. Conclusão As cepas mais prevalentes e o perfil de suscetibilidade seguiram padrão próximo ao hospitalar, o que implica a necessidade de a instituição promover melhores estratégias de controle de infecção e envolver a equipe de enfermagem no gerenciamento dos casos e na qualificação da prescrição antimicrobiana, para reduzir a resistência bacteriana e efeitos adversos nos idosos.

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar os microrganismos e sua suscetibilidade antimicrobiana em uroculturas de idosos residentes de uma instituição de longa permanência. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal com 116 indivíduos de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos de um município do sul da Bahia. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e utilizou-se Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram realizadas coleta e análise laboratorial de urina tipo I e urocultura. Realizaram-se testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos conforme os critérios do European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Para o diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário, foram utilizados os critérios de McGeer. A análise de dados se deu por estatística descritiva, com frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados A prevalência de infecção do trato urinário foi de 33,62%, com predominância no sexo feminino e idade acima de 80 anos. Os uropatógenos foram: 69,2% Escherichia coli, 20,6% Klebsiella pneumoniae e 5,1% Providencia stuartii e Acinetobacter baumannii. As cepas de E. coli apresentaram suscetibilidade para a maior parte dos antimicrobianos; já nas de K. pneumoniae, a suscetibilidade foi variável. P. stuartii e A. baumannii não apresentaram resistência a carbapenêmicos e aos betalactâmicos aztreonam e piperacilina associados a tazobactam. Conclusão As cepas mais prevalentes e o perfil de suscetibilidade seguiram padrão próximo ao hospitalar, o que implica a necessidade de a instituição promover melhores estratégias de controle de infecção e envolver a equipe de enfermagem no gerenciamento dos casos e na qualificação da prescrição antimicrobiana, para reduzir a resistência bacteriana e efeitos adversos nos idosos.

Resumen Objetivo Caracterizar los microorganismos y su susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en urocultivos de adultos mayores residentes en una institución de larga estadía. Métodos Estudio observacional transversal con 116 individuos de una institución de larga estadía para adultos mayores de un municipio del sur del estado de Bahia. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación y se utilizó Consentimiento Informado. Se obtuvieron muestras de orina, con las cuales se realizó análisis de laboratorio tipo I y urocultivo. Se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos según los criterios del European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Para el diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario, se utilizaron los criterios de McGeer. El análisis de datos se obtuvo mediante estadística descriptiva, con frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados La prevalencia de infección del tracto urinario fue del 33,62 %, con predominancia del sexo femenino y edad superior a 80 años. Los uropatógenos fueron: 69,2 % Escherichia coli, 20,6 % Klebsiella pneumoniae y 5,1 % Providencia stuartii y Acinetobacter baumannii. Las cepas de E. coli presentaron susceptibilidad en la mayor parte de los antimicrobianos, en las de K. pneumoniae, la susceptibilidad fue variable. P. stuartii y A. baumannii no presentaron resistencia a carbapenémicos ni a los betalactámicos aztreonam y piperacilina asociados a tazobactam. Conclusión Las cepas más prevalentes y el perfil de susceptibilidad presentaron un patrón parecido al hospitalario, lo que implica la necesidad de que la institución promueva mejores estrategias de control de infecciones e involucre al equipo de enfermería en la gestión de los casos y en la cualificación de la prescripción antimicrobiana para reducir la resistencia bacteriana y los efectos adversos en los adultos mayores.

Abstract Objective Therapeutic targets in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) are based on the opinions of physicians/specialists, which may not reflect the main concerns of patients. The authors, therefore, assessed the outcome concerns of patients with IIM and compared them with the concerns of rheumatologists in order to develop an IIM outcome standard set. Methods Ninety-three IIM patients, 51 rheumatologists, and one physiotherapist were invited to participate. An open questionnaire was initially applied. The top 10 answers were selected and applied in a multiple-choice questionnaire, inquiring about the top 3 major concerns. Answers were compared, and the agreement rate was calculated. Concerns were gathered in an IIM outcome standard set with validated measures. Results The top three outcome concerns raised by patients were medication side effects/muscle weakness/prevention functionality loss. The top three concerns among rheumatologists were to prevent loss of functionality/to ensure the quality of life/to achieve disease remission. Other's outcomes concerns only pointed out by patients were muscle pain/diffuse pain/skin lesions/fatigue. The agreement rate between both groups was 41%. Assessment of these parameters guided the development of an IIM standard set which included Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Visual Analogue Scale/Manual Muscle Testing/fatigue and pain Global Visual Analogue Scale/Health Assessment Questionnaire/level of physical activity. Conclusion The authors propose a novel standard set to be pursued in IIM routine follow-up, which includes not only the main patients/rheumatologist outcome concerns but also additional important outcomes only indicated by patients. Future studies are necessary to confirm if this comprehensive approach will result in improved adherence and ultimately in better assistance.

The development of visible-light active photocatalysts is vital to harvest the solar irradiation and build efficient photoelectrochemical devices. Bismuth oxyhalide (BiOCl, BiOBr and BiOI) materials stand out due to their remarkable properties, e.g., the band gap energy can be tuned from 1.9 to 3.4 eV depends on the halide employed. However, the hydrothermal synthesis of this material class was not properly investigated and compared. Then, we evaluated the effect of the hydrothermal treatment in the BiOX’s structural, electronic, morphological and textural properties and the relationship with their photocatalytic performance. Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as probe for photocatalytic performance evaluation under ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) radiation. BiOCl and BiOBr samples showed a good photoactivity under both UV and visible radiation, on other hand the BiOI samples was not active, likely due to the fast charge recombination. BiOCl and BiOBr samples exhibit a favorably interaction with MB dye, because their surfaces are negatively charged. BiOCl samples were able to promote around 40 and 80% of the MB dye degradation under visible and UV radiation, respectively. The samples were also employed as photoanode for O2 evolution, BiOI sample exhibited the best performance, due to the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.

The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of DM) to replace soybean meal protein on the intake, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), blood glucose, ruminal fermentation, and protozoal population in lambs. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, 40 crossbred male lambs weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, to study intake and ruminal parameters. In experiment two, 25 crossbred male lambs weighing 23.44 ± 1.04 kg were used to study digestibility. The intake of dry matter and total carbohydrate (TC) (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75), crude protein (kg/lambs/day) and final body weight decreased with increase of crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein, while ether extract ( EE) intake (kg/lambs/day and g/kg075) increased. The ADC of EE presented a positive linear effect and the ADC of TC and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a negative linear effect. There was no interaction within treatments and collection period (0, 3, 6 and 9 h) on ruminal fluid characteristics. Blood glucose presented a quadratic effect for levels of crambe cake protein in diets (max. P = 35.18%), and linear increase for collection period. Ruminal pH showed a quadratic effect for sampling hours (max. P = 5.43 h). For protozoa evaluation, the total amount, Entodinium, and Eudiplodium presented linear decreasing effects with treatment, while Isotricha, Eudiplodium, Ostracodinium and the total amount of protozoa had a linear decrease with sampling hours. Soybean meal protein can be replaced by crambe cake protein at up to 250 g/kg DM.

Resumo A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) causada pela Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum e transmitida por flebotomíneos e é uma das principais zoonoses do Brasil que se encontra em expansão em estados da região sul do país, sendo os cães o principal reservatório urbano do parasito. O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de LVC em dois municípios, Erval Velho e Herval d’Oeste localizados no meio-oeste de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, amostras de sangue periférico de 126 cães foram coletadas em ambas as cidades e submetidas à detecção de anticorpos anti-L. infantum por meio de testes de ELISA e imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), bem com a detecção de k-DNA pela reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Além disso, também foram observados os sintomas clínicos e as condições ambientais associadas a esses animais. Dos cães examinados, 35,7% (45/126) foram positivos para pelo menos um dos três testes, dois cães (1,6%) foram positivos em todos os três testes, 12 cães (9,5%) foram positivos tanto no ELISA quanto na IFI, enquanto 21 cães (16,7%) foram positivos para ELISA e 15 (11,9%) para o IFI. A amplificação do k-DNA de L. infantum foi positiva em 9 dos 126 cães (7,1%). Entre os cães positivos seis apresentaram um ou mais sintomas clínicos correlacionados com a LVC. Esses resultados confirmaram a ocorrência de LVC na região e destacaram a importância do monitoramento e implementação de medidas de controle para a LVC nessa região

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies and a major zoonotic disease in Brazil. Due to the southward expansion of the disease within the country and the central role of dogs as urban reservoirs of the parasite, we have investigated the occurrence of CVL in two municipalities Erval Velho and Herval d’Oeste in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina state. Peripheral blood samples from 126 dogs were collected in both cities and tested for anti-L. infantum antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF) and for the presence of parasite DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood. From examined dogs, 35.71% (45/126) were positive for at least one of the three tests and two (1.6%) were positive in all performed tests. Twelve dogs (9.5%) were positive for both ELISA and IIF, while 21 dogs were exclusively positive for ELISA (16.7%), and 15 (11.9%) for IIF. L. infantum k-DNA was detected by PCR in 9 out of 126 dogs (7.1%) and clinical symptoms compatible with CVL were observed for 6 dogs. Taken together, these results indicate the transmission of CVL in this region, highlighting the needs for epidemiological surveillance and implementation of control measures for CVL transmission in this region.

Abstract: Introduction: Cystic nephroma is a rare benign renal tumor of uncertain etiology. In children, it can manifest as a palpable abdominal mass, hematuria, and recurrent urinary infections. Imaging tests such as ultra sound and computed tomography assist in the diagnosis, but confirmation is made through anatomopathological study. Treatment is surgical and may be partial or total nephrectomy, with a good prognosis. Objective: To report a rare case of pediatric cystic nephroma, its clinical manifestations, radiological and histopathological aspects, as well as the treatment used and its evolution. Clinical Case: Pre-school, male, with a history of recurrent urinary infections in the first year of life. At 2 years and 8 months, he presented nodulation in the right hypochondrium with local pain on palpation, associated with urinary disorders and hematuria. An ultrasonography showing enlarged right kidney due to multiseptated cystic formation. Computed tomography showing multiloculated cystic expan sive formation in the right kidney. At 2 years and 10 months, he underwent partial right nephrec tomy for excision and anatomopathological study, which was compatible with Cystic Nephroma. He evolved with regression of hematuria and recurrent episodes of urinary infections, maintaining renal function preserved. Currently, at 4 years and 6 months, asymptomatic. Conclusions: Cystic nephro ma is a rare entity, generally with a good prognosis. The association of clinical findings, radiological images, and anatomopathological study are fundamental for the establishment of diagnosis and a better definition of therapeutic conduct.

Resumen: Introducción: El nefroma quístico es un tumor renal benigno raro, de etiología incierta. En niños puede manifes tarse como una masa abdominal palpable, hematuria e infecciones urinarias recurrentes. Exámenes de imagen como ultrasonografía y tomografía computadorizada ayudan en el diagnóstico, sin embar go, la confirmación se realiza mediante el estudio anatomopatológico. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, pudiendo ser nefrectomía parcial o total, con buen diagnóstico. Objetivo: Describir un caso raro de nefroma quístico pediátrico, sus manifestaciones clínicas, aspectos radiológicos e histopatológicos, así como tratamiento y su evolución. Caso Clínico: Preescolar, sexo masculino, con historia clínica de infecciones urinarias de repetición en el primer año de vida. A los 2 años y 8 meses, presentó nodulación en hipocondrio derecho con dolor local a la palpación, asociado a molestias disúricas y hematuria. La ecografía mostró un riñón derecho aumentado de volumen por formación quística multiseptada. La tomografía computadorizada demostró formación expansiva quística multiocula- da en el riñón derecho. A los 2 años y 10 meses, realizó nefrectomía parcial derecha para exéresis y estudio anatomopatológico, compatible con nefroma quístico. Evolucionó con regresión de la hema turia y de los episodios recurrentes de infecciones urinarias, manteniendo función renal preservada. Actualmente, con 4 años y 6 meses, asintomático. Conclusiones: El nefroma quístico es una entidad rara, en general de buen pronóstico. La asociación de hallazgos clínicos, imágenes radiológicas y es tudio anatomopatológico son fundamentales para el establecimiento diagnóstico y mejor definición de la conducta terapéutica.