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1.
[SciELO Preprints] - Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy
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Marin-Neto, José Antonio
Rassi Jr., Anis
Moraes Oliveira, Gláucia M.
Lemos Correia, Luís Claudio
Novaes Ramos Jr., Alberto
Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel
Luquetti Ostermayer, Alejandro
Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de
Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Angelo
Sobral de Sousa, Antonio Carlos
Pinho Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz
Correia Filho, Dalmo
Moraes de Souza, Dilma do Socorro
Cunha-Neto, Edecio
J. A. Ramires, Felix
Bacal, Fernando
Pereira Nunes, Maria do Carmo
Martinelli Filho, Martino
Ibrahim Scanavacca, Maurício
Magalhães Saraiva, Roberto
Alves de Oliveira Júnior, Wilson
M. Lorga-Filho, Adalberto
de Jesus Benevides de Almeida Guimarães, Adriana
Lopes Latado Braga, Adriana
Sarmento de Oliveira, Adriana
V. L. Sarabanda, Alvaro
Yecê das Neves Pinto, Ana
Assis Lopes do Carmo, André
Schmidt, André
Costa, Andréa Rodrigues da
Ianni, Barbara Maria
Markman Filho, Brivaldo
Eduardo Rochitte, Carlos
Thé Macedo, Carolina
Mady, Charles
Chevillard, Christophe
Bittencourt das Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo
Nery de Castro, Cleudson
De Paoli de Carvalho Britto, Constança Felícia
Pisani, Cristiano
do Carmo Rassi, Daniela
C. Sobral Filho, Dario
Rodrigues Almeida, Dirceu
A. Bocchi, Edimar
T. Mesquita, Evandro
de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, Fernanda
Pereira, Francisca Tatiana
Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo
de Lima Peixoto, Giselle
Glotz de Lima, Gustavo
H. Veloso, Henrique
Turin Moreira, Henrique
Bellotti Lopes, Hugo
Masciarelli Francisco Pinto, Ibraim
Pinto Dias, João Carlos
Bemfica, João Marcos
Silva-Nunes, João Paulo
Soares Barreto-Filho, José Augusto
Kerr Saraiva, José Francisco
Lannes-Vieira, Joseli
Menezes Oliveira, Joselina Luzia
V. Armaganijan, Luciana
Martins, Luiz Cláudio
C. Sangenis, Luiz Henrique
Barbosa, Marco Paulo
Almeida-Santos, Marcos Antônio
Simões, Marcos Vinicius
Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida
Vieira Moreira, Maria da Consolação
Higuchi, Maria de Lourdes
Costa Monteiro, Maria Rita de Cássia
Felix Mediano, Mauro Felippe
Maia Lima, Mayara
T. Oliveira, Maykon
Moreira Dias Romano , Minna
Nitz, Nadjar
de Tarso Jorge Medeiros, Paulo
Vieira Alves, Renato
Alkmim Teixeira, Ricardo
Coury Pedrosa, Roberto
Aras, Roque
Morais Torres, Rosália
dos Santos Povoa, Rui Manoel
Rassi, Sérgio Gabriel
Salles Xavier, Sérgio
Marinho Martins Alves , Silvia
B. N. Tavares, Suelene
Lima Palmeira, Swamy
da Silva Junior, Telêmaco Luiz
da Rocha Rodrigues, Thiago
Madrini Junior, Vagner
Maia da Costa , Veruska
Dutra, Walderez
This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.nbsp;
Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities.
nbsp;
Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.nbsp;
The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.nbsp;
The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;
Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.
Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou.
A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica.
Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas.
A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica.
A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;
Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.nbsp;
2.
Samanea tubulosa Benth. (Fabaceae): Antinociceptive effect on acute pain in mice: K+ATP channel and opioid activity
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ALIXANDRE, TAMNATA F.
; SOUSA, RENATO P.
; GOMES, BRUNO S.
; SILVA, ARÊTHA H.S.
; SOUSA NETO, BENEDITO P.
; SOUSA, ELCILENE A.
; LIMA, MARLUCE P.D.
; LOPES, EVERTON M.
; PIAUILINO, CELYANE A.
; NASCIMENTO, REJANE T.
; REIS FILHO, ANTÔNIO C.
; ALMEIDA, FERNANDA R.C.
; OLIVEIRA, FRANCISCO A.
; CHAVES, MARIANA H.
; COSTA, LUCIANA M.
; ALVES, MICHEL M. MORAES
; COSTA, AMILTON P.R.
.
Abstract Samanea tubulosa Benth. it has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect and mechanism of action of the fractions obtained from the Samanea tubulosa pods in mice. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests and the. The possible mechanisms of action involved in the antinociceptive effect of the hexane and ethyl acetate fraction in the opioid system, also the the K + ATP channels and the L-arigine pathways of nitric oxide were evaluated. The chemical characterization analysis revealed in the hexane fraction the presence of triterpenes such as lupenone and lupeol. In the glutamate test, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed antinociceptive activity at the dose of 12.5 and 25 mg kg-1. The antinociception produced by the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions was significantly reversed by naloxone, indicating that the fractions act through the opioid pathway. Antinociceptive response of the ethyl acetate fraction was blocked by glibenclamide, indicating that this fraction acts via the K + ATP channels activation. It is concluded that the fractions under study exert antinociceptive activity possibly related to the opioid route and through K+ ATP channels activation.
3.
Gender-related differences in the modulation of anthropometric, biochemical, and immune markers by physical activity in hypertensive and diabetic individuals
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SANTOS, DÉBORAH C. DOS
; RIBEIRO, ISRAEL S.
; LOPES, DIEGO PATRICK S.
; PEREIRA, ÍTALO S.
; SANTOS, DENISAR P.
; MUNIZ, IGOR P.R.
; LIMA, FERNANDA M. DA SILVA
; COSTA, ANDRESSA ANTÔNIA S.
; SOUZA, DANIELA DA SILVA P.
; CALADO, STÉFANO PEDRO DE MELO
; GONÇALVES, CAROLINE V.
; GALANTINI, MARIA POLIANA L.
; LOPES, DANILO N.
; SILVA, ROBSON A.A. DA
; SANTOS, GILVANÉIA S.
.
Abstract Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compose the two major noncommunicable chronic inflammatory diseases. Physical activity has been shown as a promising complementary approach to control the systemic inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether this modulation is gender-dependent. The objective of this study was evaluate the gender-related influence of physical activity on the inflammatory response and biochemical profile of individuals with SAH and T2DM. An international physical activity questionnaire was applied to 376 individuals diagnosed with SAH and T2DM in order to access their exercises routine and was evaluated the influence of physical activity in biochemical, anthropometrical, and immunological markers involved in these disorders in men and women. Even though active individuals have exhibited lower serum levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A, the ratios between IL-10 and all inflammatory cytokines were higher in men than in women. Physically active individuals also demonstrated increased HDL/LDL and HDL/VLDL ratios. Moreover, multiple correlations revealed that in active women both IL-10 and TNF-α serum levels positively correlate with fasting glucose levels, and were negatively associated with HDL levels. Our findings suggest that gender-related differences dictate a distinct crosstalk between inflammatory and biochemical markers in physically active individuals.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201905
1 downloads
4.
Mild and moderate cognitive impairment and mortality among Brazilian older adults in long-term follow-up: The Bambui Health Aging Study
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Campos, Cecilia G.
; Diniz, Breno S.
; Firmo, Josélia O.
; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda
; Blay, Sergio L.
; Castro-Costa, Erico
.
Objective: To compare mortality in older adults with and without mild or moderate cognitive impairment over 15 years of follow-up in a middle-income country, where little information on this subject is available. Methods: A total of 1,281 community-dwelling older adults were followed-up for a median of 13.3 years. We evaluated their cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination, categorizing it as none (1.0 SD above cutoff means), mild (1.0 SD below cutoff means) or moderate (2.0 SD below cutoff means). The date of death was determined by reviewing death certificates. Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk of mortality in participants with cognitive impairment. Results: Participants with mild or moderate cognitive impairment had a higher mortality risk than those without it in the unadjusted model, but these associations did not remain in the final model. After sex stratification, only men with moderate cognitive impairment had a higher mortality risk in the final model. Conclusion: The findings suggest an association between moderate cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality in men in a large Brazilian cohort of older adults.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0654
481 downloads
5.
Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro, in vivo and in silico Anti-Inflammatory Studies of the Novel Hybrid Based on Ibuprofen and 3-Hydroxy-Copalic Acid Isolated from Copaiba Oil (Copaifera multijuga)
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Souza, Fábio C. de
; Brito, Larissa F.
; Silva, Marcos T.
; Sugimoto, Michelle A.
; Pinto, Ana Cristina S.
; Almeida, Patrícia D. O. de
; Souza, Rodrigo O. S.
; Costa, Renyer A.
; Guilhon-Simplicio, Fernanda
; Wanderley, Almir G.
; Oliveira, Kelson M. T. de
; Sousa, Lirlândia P.
; Veiga-Junior, Valdir F. da
; Lima, Emerson S.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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A novel anti-inflammatory hybrid 3-ibuprofenyl-copalic acid (3-IbuCA) was synthesized from 3-hydroxy-copalic acid isolated from Amazonian copaiba oil (Copaifera multijuga Hayne), and the anti-inflammatory ibuprofen. After full characterization, several assays to verify its anti-inflammatory effects were performed in vitro, in vivo and in silico (molecular docking). Induced fit docking was performed to observe the interactions with the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In vitro tests of cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibition, and in vivo tests of pleurisy, protein expression and gastrocytotoxicity were performed. Molecular docking studies with COX-1 and 2 showed binding free energies (ΔG) of -2.2 and -7.8 kcal mol-1, respectively, while for mofezolac and indomethacin, the binding free energies ΔG presented values of -8.5 and -10.1 kcal mol-1, which makes 3-IbuCA selective for COX-2 inhibition. This hybrid showed no toxicity against human macrophage at concentrations up to 2 µM, and inhibited TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. In the pleurisy assays, 3-IbuCA reduced the total leukocytes and mononuclear cells, which was followed by reduction of p-IKBα (phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha) protein expression. Compared with ibuprofen alone, the hybrid caused less gastric damage. Thus, the docking, together with in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that this novel hybrid has potential as a new anti-inflammatory agent.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190266
429 downloads
6.
The Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration for Determining the Active Principle of Olanzapine in a Pharmaceutical Formulation
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The aim of this study was to quantitatively determine the olanzapine in a pharmaceutical formulation for assessing the potentiality of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression. The method was developed with samples based on a commercial formulation containing olanzapine and seven excipients. Laboratory and commercial samples (n = 27 and 18, respectively) were used by defining the calibration and prediction sets. The method was validated in the range from 1.0 to 12.5 of olanzapine per 100 mg of powder (average mass 210 mg), by accuracy, precision, linearity, analytical sensitivity, limit of detection and quantification. The multivariate model developed for olanzapine was based on PLS and the determination coefficient (rc and rp), with the root mean square error of calibration and prediction being 0.95, 0.93, 3.2 × 10-3 and 4.0 × 10-3% m/m, respectively. The proposed NIR method is an effective alternative for quantification of olanzapine in the pharmaceutical industry.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20160233
1598 downloads
7.
Multivariate Control Charts for Simultaneous Quality Monitoring of Isoniazid and Rifampicin in a Pharmaceutical Formulation Using a Portable Near Infrared Spectrometer
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Costa, Fernanda S. L.
; Pedroza, Ricardo H. P.
; Porto, Dayanne L.
; Amorim, Marcelo V. P.
; Lima, Kássio M. G.
.
Uma das chaves para manter a melhoria da alta qualidade de fabricação está no uso de cartas de controle. Neste trabalho, cartas de controle multivariada baseadas nos escores da componente principal mais significativa e no sinal analítico líquido foram desenvolvidas para monitoramento simultâneo da qualidade de dois princípios ativos (isoniazida e rifampicina) numa formulação farmacêutica (amostras produzidas no laboratório e na produção) empregando um espectrômetro portátil na região do infravermelho próximo. Os limites previstos em ambas as cartas multivariadas foram calculados a partir das especificações de qualidade da formulação farmacêutica (± 5% do valor nominal para cada princípio ativo). O uso das cartas de controle multivariadas forneceu uma simples e poderosa ferramenta para avaliar a formulação farmacêutica aliada a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo. O procedimento é rápido e flexível para o monitoramento da produção desta formulação farmacêutica produzida na UFRN/Brasil, com o objetivo de introduzir a tecnologia analítica de processos ao tratamento de tuberculose pulmonar.
One of the keys to maintain high manufacturing quality improvement is the use of control charts. In this work, multivariate control charts based on significant principal component (PC) scores and net analytical signal (NAS) were developed to simultaneously monitor the quality of two active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) (isoniazid and rifampicin) in pharmaceutical formulation (laboratory samples and production samples) using a portable near infrared spectrometer. The limits for both multivariate charts were estimated using the quality specifications from the pharmaceutical formulation (± 5% of the nominal content of each API). The use of these multivariate control charts has provided a simple and powerful tool to evaluate the content of pharmaceutical formulations based on isoniazid and rifampicin capsules combined with near infrared spectroscopy. The procedure is rapid and adjustable for monitoring the production of the pharmaceutical preparations produced at UFRN/Brazil toward the process analytical technology (PAT) for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140214
2342 downloads
8.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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9.
Perguntas mínimas para rastrear dependência em atividades da vida diária em idosos
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Ramos, Luiz Roberto
; Andreoni, Solange
; Coelho-Filho, João Macedo
; Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda
; Matos, Divane Leite
; Rebouças, Monica
; Veras, Renato
.
OBJETIVO: Analisar questões não redundantes sobre independência nas atividades da vida diária de idosos que representem o espectro de dependência em idosos. MÉTODOS: Projeto multicêntrico com amostra populacional probabilística de 5.371 idosos residentes em São Paulo, SP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Bambuí, MG, e Fortaleza, CE, em 2008. Foi realizado inquérito domiciliar e aplicado questionário com 20 atividades da vida diária dos idosos para autoavaliação da dificuldade/necessidade de ajuda para realizá-las. As respostas foram analisadas segundo: a prevalência de alguma dificuldade ou necessidade de ajuda para cada atividade da vida diária; a frequência de não resposta; e o agrupamento das atividades numa análise fatorial. RESULTADOS: As atividades pessoais (e.g., vestir-se) tiveram prevalência de dificuldade ou necessidade de ajuda referida baixa quando comparadas às atividades instrumentais (e.g., fazer compras), além de terem taxas de respostas inválidas mais baixas. Foram identificados três fatores de agrupamento das atividades da vida diária: mobilidade (andar 100 m); necessidades pessoais (tomar banho); e o que outra pessoa pode fazer pelo idoso (lavar roupa). As atividades da vida diária com maiores autovalores em cada grupo foram analisadas à luz da prevalência de necessidade de ajuda referida e da proporção de respostas válidas. Três atividades foram selecionadas como representativas do espectro de dependência e bem compreendidas pelos idosos: levantar da cama, banhar-se e andar 100 m. CONCLUSÕES: Com três atividades da vida diária podemos ter um instrumento de rastreio simples e confiável capaz de identificar idosos com necessidade de ajuda no dia a dia. A estimativa de demanda por cuidados na vida diária é um indicador importante para o planejamento e gestão dos serviços de saúde dentro do paradigma das doenças crônicas e do envelhecimento populacional.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze non-redundant questions on independence in activities of daily living in the elderly, representing the spectrum of dependency. METHODS: Multicenter project with a probabilistic population sample of 5,371 elderly residents in Sao Paulo, SP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Fortaleza, CE and Bambui, MG in 2008. A household survey was carried out and a questionnaire with 20 activities of daily living applied for the elderly to self-assess the difficulty/need for help in performing them. The responses were analyzed according to: the prevalence of some kind of difficulty/need for help for each activities of daily living, the frequency of non-response, and the grouping of activities in factor analysis. RESULTS: The personal activities (e.g., dressing) have, on average, a low prevalence of difficulty or need for help, compared to instrumental activities (e.g., shopping), and have lower rates of non- response. In factor analysis it was possible to identify three factors grouping the activities of daily living: one relative to mobility (e.g., walking 100 m), another for personal needs (e.g., bathing) and one relative to what someone else can do for the elderly (e.g., washing clothes). The activities of daily living with the highest eigenvalues in each group were also analyzed in the light of the prevalence of reported need for help and the proportion of non response. Three activities of daily living were selected as representing the spectrum of dependency and being well understood by the elderly - getting out of bed, bathing and walking 100 m. CONCLUSIONS: With only three activities of daily living we can have a simple and reliable screening instrument capable of identifying elderly in need of help in daily life. Estimating demand for care on a daily basis is an important indicator for planning and administration of health services within the paradigm of chronic diseases and population aging.
OBJETIVO: Analizar aspectos no redundantes sobre independencia en las actividades de la vida diaria de ancianos que representen el espectro de dependencia en ancianos. MÉTODOS: Proyecto multicéntrico con muestra poblacional probabilística de 5.371 ancianos residentes en Sao Paulo, SP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Bambuí, MG y Fortaleza, CE, (Brasil), en 2008. Se realizó pesquisa domiciliar y se aplicó cuestionario con 20 actividades de la vida diaria de los ancianos para auto-evaluación de la dificultad/necesidad de ayuda para realizarlas. Las respuestas fueron analizadas de acuerdo a: la prevalencia de alguna dificultad o necesidad de ayuda en cada actividad de la vida diaria; la frecuencia de respuesta no válidas; y el agrupamiento de las actividades en un análisis factorial. RESULTADOS: Las actividades personales (ej: vestirse) tuvieron prevalencia de dificultad o necesidad de ayuda referida baja al compararse con las actividades instrumentales (ej: hacer compras), además de tener tasas de respuestas: inválidas más bajas. Se identificaron tres factores de agrupamiento de las actividades de la vida diaria: movilidad (andar 100m); necesidades personales (bañarse) y lo que otra persona puede hacer por el anciano (lavar ropa). Las actividades de la vida diaria con mayores auto-valores en cada grupo fueron analizadas a la luz de la prevalencia de necesidad de ayuda referida y de la proporción de respuestas válidas. Tres actividades fueron seleccionadas como representativas del espectro de dependencia y bien comprendidas por los ancianos: levantar de la cama, bañarse y andar 100 m. CONCLUSIONES: Con tres actividades de la vida diaria podemos tener un instrumento de rastreo simple y confiable capaz de identificar ancianos con necesidad de ayuda en el día a día. La estimativa de demanda por cuidados en la vida diaria es un indicador importante para la planificación y gestión de los servicios de salud dentro del paradigma de las enfermedades crónicas y del envejecimiento poblacional.
10.
Preparation of pellets containing Pothomorphe umbellata extracts by extrusion-spheronization: improvement of 4-nerolidylcatechol photostability
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Araújo-Júnior, César A. de
; Costa, Fernanda S. de Oliveira
; Taveira, Stephânia F.
; Marreto, Ricardo N.
; Valadares, Marize C.
; Lima, Eliana M.
.
Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq., Piperaceae, has been extensively used in Brazilian folk medicine and it is well known for its strong antioxidant properties. However, its main active constituent, 4-nerolydilcatechol (4-NC), is sensitive to ultraviolet and visible light, which can limit the use of intermediate and final herbal preparations of this species. In the present work, coated multiparticulate solid dosage forms of P. umbellata were obtained with the purpose of increasing the stability of 4-NC. P. umbellata extract was used as a wetting liquid for the preparation of pellets by extrusion-spheronization. Pellets were coated in a fluidized bed by three different polymers (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), polyvynilpirrolidone K-30 (PVP-K30), and polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft-copolymer (PVAPEG)). 4-NC photostability was evaluated by an accelerated photostability protocol. Pellets showed a narrow size distribution and low friability. 4-NC photodegradation followed a second order degradation kinetics with similar k values for the percolate, uncoated pellets and HPMC coated pellets. Photoprotection was higher in pellets coated with PVP-K30 and PVA-PEG. PVA-PEG coated pellets with 6 and 9% weight gain resulted in a final concentration of 4-NC approximately cinco times higher than uncoated pellets or liquid extracts, suggesting the potential of this formulation as a multiparticulate solid dosage form for P. umbellata extracts.
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11.
Leaf anatomy and histochemistry of Macropeplus dentatus (Perkins) I. Santos & Peixoto and Macropeplus ligustrinus (Tul.) Perkins (Monimiaceae)
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A família Monimiaceae está representada na região Neotropical por seis gêneros. Macropeplus Perkins é um gênero, exclusivamente brasileiro, constituído por quatro espécies restritas às Florestas Alto-Montanas e que carecem de estudos anatômicos. O presente trabalho visa caracterizar a estrutura anatômica e a histoquímica da folha de Macropeplus ligustrinus (Tul.) Perkins e Macropeplus dentatus (Perkins) I. Santos & Peixoto, a fim de ampliar o conhecimento sobre esses táxons e auxiliar na taxonomia do gênero. Os indivíduos amostrados estão localizados no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ) e do Parque Natural do Caraça (MG). Dentre as características observadas comuns às espécies destacam-se: estrutura dorsiventral, folha hipoestomática, estômatos paracíticos, estrato subepidérmico, sistema vascular colateral em forma de arco no pecíolo, padrão de venação do tipo semicraspedobroquidódromo e presença de cristais prismáticos. Alguns metabólitos especiais foram identificados como substâncias fenólicas, lipídios e mucilagem, sendo o último detectado pela primeira vez na família. O contorno do pecíolo, a ocorrência e distribuição das células secretoras e das braquiesclereídes, em associação com os dados morfológicos, são úteis na distinção dessas espécies.
The Monimiaceae is represented in the Neotropical region by six genera. Macropeplus Perkins is a Brazilian genus comprising four species restricted to high-montane Atlantic Forest areas, which have not been properly examined from the anatomical point of view. This study characterizes the anatomical structure and histochemical aspects of the leaves of Macropeplus dentatus and M. ligustrinus, and adds to our taxonomic knowledge ofthe genus. The individuals studied were collected in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park and in the Caraça Natural Park in southeastern Brazil. Among the characteristics common to the two species, hypostomatic leaves, dorsiventral structure, paracytic stomata, a subepidermal layer, collateral vascular system in the form of an arc in the petiole, semicraspedobrochidodromous venation, and the presence of prismatic crystals were registered. Intracellular metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, lipids and mucilage, were identified. The petiole shape, occurrence and distribution of secretory cells and brachysclereids, in association with other morphological features, were relevant to species identification.
12.
Moss diversity in the tropical rainforests of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
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A diversidade de musgos na Floresta Tropical Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil é considerada alta, com 338 táxons, distribuídos em 123 gêneros e 49 famílias. Comparações em relação à riqueza de espécies na Floresta Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil sugerem que a flora de musgos não é uniforme e que as florestas das terras baixas, submontana, montana e altomontana apresentam floras muito diferentes. A Floresta Atlântica Montana conta com maior riqueza específica e número de táxons exclusivos, a Floresta Submontana tem riqueza intermediária e a Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas apresenta menor número de táxons. A alta diversidade da Floresta Montana pode ser explicada pelos fatores climáticos, edáficos e da vegetação. Sematophyllaceae conta com 19% dos táxons na floresta de terra baixa, Meteoriaceae com 10% dos táxons na floresta montana e Dicranaceae com 18% dos táxons na floresta altomontana. Os táxons neotropicais (40% do total de táxons) são elementos importantes para todas as florestas, enquanto que aqueles restritos ao Brasil são o segundo em importância para as florestas altomontana e montana.
Moss diversity at various sites in the Tropical Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil is high, with 338 taxa distributed among 49 families and 129 genera. Comparisons of species richness in the Tropical Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil suggest that the moss flora is not uniform, and that lowland, montane, submontane, and upper montane Atlantic rainforests have very different moss floras. Montane Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of exclusive species and the highest species richness, Sub-Montane Atlantic Rainforest has intermediate species richness, while the Lowland Atlantic Rainforest has fewer species. The high diversity of the Montane Atlantic Rainforest could be explained by the diversity of climatic, edaphic, and physiographic changes of the vegetation. Sematophyllaceae accounted for 19% of the taxa in lowland forest, Meteoriaceae for 10% of the taxa in montane forests, and Dicranaceae for 18% of the taxa in upper montane forests. Taxa with broad Neotropical distributions (40% of the total taxa) are important elements in all the forests, while taxa restricted to Brazil comprise the second most important element in upper montane and montane forests.
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13.
Detection of 13q deletion in multiple myeloma using immunomagnetically selected plasma cells
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Ortega, Manoela M.
; Pereira, Fernanda G.
; Souza, Cármino A.
; Costa, Fernando F.
; Lima, Carmen S. P.
.
Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia
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14.
Socioeconomic position and health in a population of Brazilian elderly: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study (BHAS)
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OBJECTIVE: Despite the vast scientific literature on the social determinants of health, there is still a debate on the extent to which this relationship remains in old age. The objective of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic circumstances and health among older adults in a small town in Brazil. METHODS: The study was carried out in Bambuí, a town of around 15 000 inhabitants that is located in the state of Minas Gerais, which is in southeastern Brazil. From 1 177 residents aged 65 years or older, 1 074 of them (91.2%) were interviewed and 997 (84.7%) were examined (physical measurements and blood tests). Those in the lowest third of the distribution of total household monthly income, with an income of less than US$ 240 per month, were compared with those who had an income above that level. RESULTS: Lower family income was independently associated with: (1) some lifestyle risk factors (less consumption of fresh fruits or vegetables and less frequent exercise during leisure time in the preceding 30 days), (2) several indicators of worse health status (General Health Questionnaire score, self-rated health, self-rated visual acuity, level of difficulty in walking 300 meters, inability to perform routine activities because of a health problem in the preceding 2 weeks, and seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi), (3) a higher number of nonprescribed medications used in the preceding 3 months, and (4) a higher number of hospitalizations in the preceding 12 months. Obesity was more frequent in the higher-income group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not confirm observations in some developed countries of a lack of association between socioeconomic status and health among the aged. Our results showed that a small difference in monthly family income was sufficiently sensitive to identify elderly persons in worse health, even within a community that appears to be uniformly poor.
OBJETIVOS: A pesar de la abundante bibliografía científica existente sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud, aún se debate hasta qué punto esa relación se mantiene durante la edad avanzada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la asociación entre la situación socioeconómica y la salud en adultos mayores de una pequeña localidad de Brasil. MÉTODOS: El estudio se llevó a cabo en Bambuí, una ciudad de alrededor de 15 000 habitantes ubicada en el estado de Minas Gerais, en el sudeste brasileño. De los 1 177 residentes de 65 años de edad o más, 1 074 (91,2%) fueron entrevistados y a 997 (84,7%) se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y análisis de sangre. Se comparó a las personas ubicadas en el tercio más bajo según la distribución de los ingresos mensuales totales de su núcleo familiar -con ingresos mensuales inferiores a US$ 240,00- con las que tenían ingresos superiores. RESULTADOS: Los ingresos familiares inferiores estuvieron asociados de manera independiente con: 1) algunos factores de riesgo en el estilo de vida (menos consumo de frutas o vegetales frescos y ejercicios menos frecuentes en el tiempo libre durante los 30 días previos a la entrevista), 2) peor estado de salud según varios indicadores (puntuación en el Cuestionario General de Salud, autovaloración del estado de salud y de la agudeza visual, grado de dificultad para caminar 300 metros, incapacidad para realizar las actividades cotidianas debido a problemas de salud en las 2 semanas previas y seropositividad a Trypanosoma cruzi), 3) uso de un mayor número de medicamentos no prescritos en los 3 meses anteriores, y 4) mayor número de hospitalizaciones en los 12 meses previos a la entrevista. La obesidad fue más frecuente entre las personas del grupo de mayores ingresos. CONCLUSIONES: Contrario a lo observado en algunos países desarrollados, se encontró correspondencia entre la situación socioeconómica y el estado de salud de los adultos mayores. Según nuestros resultados, pequeñas diferencias en los ingresos mensuales de una familia permiten identificar a personas mayores en peor estado de salud, aun dentro de una comunidad que parece tener un nivel uniforme de pobreza.
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Cited 7 times in SciELO
15.
Obesity and underweight among Brazilian elderly: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study
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A coexistência de obesidade (Índice de Massa Corpórea: IMC > ou = 30kg/m²) e de baixo peso (IMC <=20kg/m²) e seus fatores relacionados foram investigados em 1.451 idosos, 85,5% da população com 60+ anos residente em Bambuí, Minas Gerais, utilizando-se a análise logística multinomial. O IMC (média = 25,0; DP = 4,9kg/m²) foi maior nas mulheres e diminuiu com a idade. A obesidade ocorreu em 12,5% dos idosos; foi associada positivamente ao sexo feminino, à maior renda familiar e presença de hipertensão e diabete, e inversamente à atividade física. O baixo peso ocorreu em 14,8% dos idosos, aumentou com a idade, foi maior nos homens e nas famílias com menor renda, esteve inversamente associado à presença de hipertensão e de hiperglicemia e diretamente associado à infecção por Tripanossoma cruzi e duas ou mais internações no último ano. A obesidade e o baixo peso foram ambos associados a uma maior morbidade. A associação do baixo peso com a infecção por T. cruzi, maior hospitalização e menor renda pode estar refletindo a perda de peso secundária a doenças ou à privação social do idoso nesta comunidade. Envelhecer na pobreza pode aumentar as deficiências nutricionais e os problemas de saúde entre idosos.
The coexistence of obesity (body mass index, BMI > or = 30kg/m²) and underweight (BMI <= 20kg/m²) and related factors were investigated among all residents aged 60+ years in Bambuí, Minas Gerais State, using multinomial logistic regression. 1,451 (85.5%) of the town's elderly participated. Mean BMI was 25.0 (SD = 4.9kg/m²) and was higher for women and decreased with age. Prevalence of obesity was 12.5% and was positively associated with female gender, family income, hypertension, and diabetes and inversely related to physical activity. Underweight affected 14.8% of participants, increased with age, and was higher among men and low-income families. It was negatively associated with hypertension and diabetes and directly associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection and > or = 2 hospitalizations in the previous 12 months. Both obesity and underweight were associated with increased morbidity. The association of underweight with T. cruzi infection, increased hospitalization, and low family income may reflect illness-related weight loss and social deprivation of elderly in this community. Aging in poverty may lead to an increase in nutritional deficiencies and health-related problems among the elderly.
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