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1.
Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.
; Lindoso, Livia
; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.
; Astley, Camilla
; Queiroz, Ligia B.
; Rose, Natalia
; Santos, Claudia Renata P.
; Bolzan, Thalis
; Peralta, Rita María I.A.
; Franco, Ruth R.
; Cominato, Louise
; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.
; Tannuri, Uenis
; Campos, Lucia Maria A.
; Lourenço, Benito
; Toma, Ricardo K.
; Medeiros, Karina
; Watanabe, Andréia
; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno
; Farhat, Sylvia C.
; Casella, Caio B.
; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.
; Gualano, Bruno
; Silva, Clovis A.
; Sallum, Adriana M. E.
; Iraha, Amanda Y.
; Ihara, Bianca P.
; Mazzolani, Bruna C.
; Martinez, Claudia A.
; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.
; Fonseca, Claudia B.
; Lima, Dandara C. C.
; Setoue, Debora N. D.
; Roz, Deborah F. P.
; Smaira, Fabiana I.
; Roschel, Hamilton
; Miyatani, Helena T.
; Marques, Isabela G.
; Oba, Jane
; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.
; Simon, Juliana R.
; Kozu, Katia
; Saccani, Ligia P.
; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.
; Miranda, Luana C. A.
; Silva, Luiz E. V.
; Laurentino, Moisés F.
; Aikawa, Nadia E.
; Sakita, Neusa K.
; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.
; Pereira, Paulo R. A.
; Palmeira, Patrícia
; Angelo, Simone S.
; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.
; Bernardes, Tamires M.
; Franco, Tathiane C.
; Viana, Vivianne S. L.
; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.
; Zheng, Yingying
.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.
2.
Ontogeny of the skull of Sotalia guianensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) on the Northern coast of Brazil
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RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o desenvolvimento ontogenético craniano do boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis Van Bénéden, 1864), comparando 29 caracteres morfológicos não métricos aliados às estimativas de idade de 54 espécimes provenientes de quatro áreas da Costa Norte do Brasil. Cada estado de caráter foi associado à idade de cada espécime para avaliar a formação de estruturas ósseas e o grau de fusionamento das suturas em cada estado de caráter analisado. Foram analisados estatisticamente 19 caracteres morfológicos qualitativos que apresentaram variação nos estados de caráter. A análise revelou que os caracteres que diferiram de acordo com a idade foram aqueles ligados à sutura parietal-frontal, parietal-supraoccipital, parietal-exoccipital, supraoccipital-exoccipital e basioccipital-pterigóide. Os resultados indicaram que a maturidade física do crânio foi mais precoce nos espécimes da Costa Norte, sugerindo uma estruturação geográfica da espécie ou uma resposta biológica a uma intensa pressão de captura acidental em redes de pesca sobre as populações.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the ontogenetic development of the skull in the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis Van Bénéden, 1864 ) through the comparison of 29 morphological non-metrical characters together with the estimated age of 54 specimens derived from four areas on the northern coast of Brazil. The state of each character was associated with the age of each specimen to assess the formation of bone structures, and the degree of fusion of the sutures in each state of the character studied. Nineteen qualitative morphological characters presenting state ontogenetic variations have been analyzed statistically. The analysis depicted that the characters associated with the parietal-frontal suture, parietosupraoccipital, parietoexoccipital, supraoccipital-exoccipital and basioccipital-pterygoid varied according with the age. The results suggest that the physical maturity of the cranium was more premature in the specimens from the Northern Coast, suggesting a geographical adjustment of the species, or a biological response to an intense pressure of by-catch in fisheries over decades on the populations.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2020024
596 downloads
3.
β-Carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid: antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects
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Gabriel, Renata S.
; Amaral, Ana Claudia F.
; Lima, Iasmim C.
; Cruz, Jefferson D.
; Garcia, Andreza R.
; Souza, Hercules Antonio S.
; Adade, Camila M.
; Vermelho, Alane B.
; Alviano, Celuta S.
; Alviano, Daniela S.
; Rodrigues, Igor A.
.
ABSTRACT Pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B remain as the main drugs to treat human leishmaniasis. However, the high toxicity and variable efficacy of treatment have stimulated the search for novel drug candidates. Naturally occurring alkaloids have a long history of antileishmanial activity. Here, we investigate the effects of the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid isolated from Quassia amara L., Simaroubaceae, against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infatum. The alkaloid was isolated after liquid-liquid fractionation followed by chromatographic purification of the Q. amara methanol extract. The antileishmanial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method, using resazurin as the viability indicator. In addition, annexin and propidium iodide were used to detect parasites undergoing apoptosis. The anti-amastigote activity of the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid was determined by the infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages. The alkaloid displayed leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentration ranging from 2.7 ± 0.82 to 9.4 ± 0.5 µg/ml and selectivity indexes >10. Moreover, apoptotic Leishmania amazonensis (19.5%) and L. infantum (40.4%) promastigotes were detected after 5 h incubation with the alkaloid. Finally, the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid inhibited the production of NO of infected macrophages, suggesting that the intracellular amastigote elimination occurs in a nitrosative stress-independent way. The results shown here suggest that the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid has potential as an antileishmanial agent.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.08.002
402 downloads
4.
The Surface Treatment of Niobium Superconducting Reentrant Cavities by Means of High Temperature Nitrogen Plasma Based Ion Implantation
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Oliveira, Rogério Moraes
; Aguiar, Odylio Denys
; Araujo, Michel Felipe Lima de
; Silva, Matheus M. N. F.
; Mello, Carina B.
; Ferreira, Elvis
; Liccardo, Vincenzo
; Savonov, Graziela da Silva
; Baba, Koumei
; Souza, Renata Lopes Gonçalves de
.
High Temperature Nitrogen Plasma Based Ion Implantation (HT-NPBII) has been used to treat the surface of niobium superconducting reentrant cavities, which are part of parametric transducers in a resonant-mass gravitational wave detector. The aim is to enhance the corresponding electrical quality factors (Q-factors) which are closely related with the increase of the sensitivity of the system. In this experiment, the cavities are immersed in plasma and bombarded by energetic nitrogen ions, which are implanted into the surfaces of these heated substrates. The heating temperature of the cavities is controlled during the treatment and its level directly affects the N implantation depth profile due to the diffusion process. Additional tailoring of the nitrogen doping can be performed by the adjustment of the intensity and the duty cycle of the high negative voltage pulses used for ion implantation. For implantations performed at 5 kV /20 µs /300 Hz/ 700 °C, nitrogen atoms occupy interstitial spaces in the crystal lattice of niobium. The treatment of niobium superconducting cavities under these parameters caused the enhancement of two orders of magnitude of respective Q-factors. A set of characterization techniques was performed herein in order to help with the understanding of the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0277
676 downloads
5.
Nanoencapsulated Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil exerts anesthetic effects in the brachyuran crab using Neohelice granulate
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SOUZA, CARINE F.
; LIMA, TÁBATA
; BALDISSERA, MATHEUS D.
; GEIHS, MÁRCIO A.
; MACIEL, FÁBIO E.
; NERY, LUIZ E.M.
; SANTOS, ROBERTO C.V.
; RAFFIN, RENATA P.
; HEINZMANN, BERTA M.
; CARON, BRAULIO O.
; BALDISSEROTTO, BERNARDO
.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several anesthetics in the brachyuran crab Neohelice granulata, an emergent experimental model. The essential oils (EOs) of Lippia alba, Aloysia tryphilla, and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil; TTO), the isolated compounds eugenol, menthol, terpinen-4-ol, and the nanoencapsulated form of TTO, were administered in one or more of the following ways: added to the water (immersion), through an arthrodial membrane (injected), or by oral gavage. Unexpectedly, most EOs did not produce an anesthetic effect after immersion. Only TTO and eugenol induced anesthesia by immersion, with very long induction and recovery times compared to anesthesia of other crustaceans. However, a good anesthetic effect was observed with the injection of terpinen-4-ol and nanoencapsulated TTO in N. granulata; both demonstrated ideal induction and recovery times. These substances appear to be promising anesthetic alternatives for crustaceans.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170930
1098 downloads
6.
Quantification of Synthetic Amino-Nitroquinoxaline Dyes: An Approach Using Image Analysis
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Silva, Lilian C. da
; Lima, Djalan F. de
; Silva, Janine A.
; Morais, Camilo L. M. de
; Albuquerque, Brunno L.
; Bortoluzzi, Adailton J.
; Domingos, Josiel B.
; Araújo, Renata M.
; Menezes, Fabrício G.
; Lima, Kássio M. G.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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This paper describes the use of digital imaging acquired from a conventional desktop scanner for characterization of newly synthesized amino-nitroquinoxaline dyes. The synthetic protocol was based on reactions of building block 2,3-dichloro-6,7-dinitroquinoxaline with aliphatic amines and experiments based on image analysis were carried out with compounds in solution (96-microwell plates) and/or adsorbed on silica (thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates). Three main goals were achieved: firstly, compounds 2-chloro-6,7-dinitro-3-pyrrolidinoquinoxaline and 6,7-dinitro-2,3-dipyrrolidinoquinoxaline had their concentration predicted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, as a mixture. Secondly, TLC studies were performed to build a kinetic profile in attempt to monitor reaction involving conversion of 2-chloro-6,7-dinitro-3-pyrrolidinoquinoxaline into 6,7-dinitro-2,3-dipyrrolidinoquinoxaline. Lastly, image analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy were applied to study the interaction of 2,3-di-n-butylamino-6,7-dinitroquinoxaline with hydroxide anion in DMSO. These approaches based on digital image characterization were successfully implemented in qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic dyes.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20160002
1308 downloads
7.
Perfil citológico pulmonar de bezerros sadios nos três primeiros meses de vida
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Vianna, Raphael S.
; Batista, Camila F.
; Lima, Daniel M.
; Santos, Kamila R.
; Gomes, Renata C.
; Bertagnon, Heloisa G.
; Della Libera, Alice M.M.P.
.
Resumo: A citologia é um importante exame complementar utilizado para a detecção de alterações no perfil celular do trato respiratório e auxílio no diagnóstico de doenças. No entanto, como os primeiros meses de vida compõem o período de adaptação à vida extrauterina resultando em possíveis alterações das populações celulares, é essencial a padronização das características comuns aos animais sadios, possibilitando a identificação e análise de qualquer mudança no quadro esperado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o perfil celular por citologia do lavado broncoalveolar obtido semanalmente por broncoscopia de dez bezerros durante os três primeiros meses de vida. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o software Minitab® 15.0, empregando-se o teste T pareado para as amostras paramétricas e Mann-Whitney para as amostras não paramétricas, considerando nivel de significância P≤0,05. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que o perfil celular do lavado broncoalveolar de bezerros hígidos durante os primeiros 90 dias de vida apresentou predomínio de macrófagos, com média geral de 63,17%, seguido de 33,69% de neutrófilos. Porém observou-se diminuição significativa na porcentagem de macrófagos (P=0,04) e aumento de neutrófilos (P=0,05) ao longo dos momentos, comprovada pela forte correlação negativa entre as porcentagens de macrófagos e neutrófilos ao longo dos momentos. Não houve diferença entre as porcentagens de células gigantes, células epiteliais, linfócitos, eosinófilos e basófilos durante o experimento. Apesar dos resultados serem influenciados por fatores ambientais e de manejo, os resultados dessa pesquisa fornecem subsídios para a identificação de alterações críticas que descaracterizem o perfil celular de bezerros acometidos por doenças respiratórias.
Abstract: Cytology is an important supplementary test used for the detection of changes in the mobile profile of the respiratory tract and aid in the diagnosis of diseases. However, as the first few months of life make up the period of adjustment to extrauterine life resulting in possible changes in cellular populations, it is essential to the standardization of the characteristics common to healthy animals, enabling the identification and analysis of any change in the expected frame. The objective of this research was to characterize the cellular profile by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage obtained weekly for bronchoscopy of ten calves during the first three months of life. Statistical analysis was performed using the Minitab® 15.0 software, using the paired T test for parametric samples, and Mann-Whitney for nonparametric samples, considering significance level as P≤0,05. The results obtained showed that the profile of bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy calves during the first 90 days of life showed a predominance of macrophages, with medium average of 63.17%, followed by 33.69% neutrophils. However it was observed significant decrease in percentage of macrophages (P=0.04) and increased neutrophils (P=0,05) over the times, proven by the strong negative correlation between percentages of macrophages and neutrophils along the times. There was no difference between the percentages of giant cells, epithelial cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils during the experiment. Although the results are influenced by environmental factors and management, the results of this research provide subsidies for the identification of critical changes in cell profile of calves affected by respiratory diseases.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000500015
1187 downloads
8.
LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HERPESVIRUS DETECTION IN SALIVA AND GINGIVITIS IN HIV‑INFECTED CHILDREN
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OTERO, Renata A.
; NASCIMENTO, Flávia N.N.
; SOUZA, Ivete P.R.
; SILVA, Raquel C.
; LIMA, Rodrigo S.
; ROBAINA, Tatiana F.
; CÂMARA, Fernando P.
; SANTOS, Norma
; CASTRO, Gloria F.
.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
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Os objetivos deste estudo foram detectar a presença de herpesvírus humanos (HHVs) na saliva de crianças infectadas pelo HIV, em comparação com controles saudáveis e avaliar a associação entre infecção viral, gengivite e imunodeficiência. Para este fim, foram colhidas amostras de saliva de 48 crianças HIV-positivas e 48 controles saudáveis. O índice gengival e extensão de gengivite foram determinados por um dentista treinado. Informações clínicas e laboratoriais foram obtidas durante a consulta odontológica e dos registros médicos. As amostras de saliva foram testadas para detecção de vírus herpes simplex tipos 1 e 2 (HSV-1 e HSV-2), vírus da varicela-zoster (VVZ), vírus Epistein-Barr (EBV) e citomegalovírus (CMV) através de nested-PCR. Trinta e cinco crianças HIV-positivas e 16 crianças do grupo controle apresentavam gengivite. Dezessete (35,4%) crianças HIV-positivas e 13 (27%) crianças controle testaram positivo para a presença de HHVs. CMV foi o vírus mais comum detectado em ambos os grupos (25% HIV-positivas e 12,5% de controle), seguido por HSV-1 (6,2% de ambos os grupos) e HSV-2 (4,2% HIV-positivas e 8,3% de controle). Não houve associação entre a detecção de HHVs na saliva e a presença de gengivite em ciranças HIV-positivas (p = 0.104) ou crianças saudáveis (p = 0,251), ou com imunossupressão em indivíduos HIV-positivos (p = 0,447). Foi observada uma correlação entre a infecção por HIV e a presença de gengivite (p = 0,0001). Os resultados sugerem que a detecção salivar assintomática de HHVs é comum entre crianças HIV-positivas e crianças saudáveis, e não está associada à gengivite.
The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva of HIV-infected and healthy control children, and to evaluate associations between viral infection and gingivitis and immunodeficiency. Saliva samples were collected from 48 HIV-infected and 48 healthy control children. Clinical and laboratory data were collected during dental visits and from medical records. A trained dentist determined gingival indices and extension of gingivitis. Saliva samples were tested for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. Thirty-five HIV-infected and 16 control children had gingivitis. Seventeen (35.4%) HIV-infected children and 13 (27%) control children were positive for HHVs. CMV was the most commonly detected HHV in both groups (HIV-infected, 25%; control, 12.5%), followed by HSV-1 (6.2% in both groups) and HSV-2 (HIV-infected, 4.2%; control, 8.3%). The presence of HHVs in saliva was not associated with the presence of gingivitis in HIV-1-infected children (p = 0.104) or healthy control children (p = 0.251), or with immunosuppression in HIV-infected individuals (p = 0.447). Gingivitis was correlated with HIV infection (p = 0.0001). These results suggest that asymptomatic salivary detection of HHVs is common in HIV-infected and healthy children, and that it is not associated with gingivitis.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652015000300007
1616 downloads
9.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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10.
Influences of hand dominance on the maintenance of benefits after home-based modified constraint-induced movement therapy in individuals with stroke
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Lima, Renata C. M.
; Nascimento, Lucas R.
; Michaelsen, Stella M.
; Polese, Janaine C.
; Pereira, Natália D.
; Teixeira-Salmela, Luci F.
.
Objective: To investigate the influence of hand dominance on the maintenance of gains after home-based modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT). Method: Aprevious randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the addition of trunk restraint to the mCIMT. Twenty-two chronic stroke survivors with mild to moderate motor impairments received individual home-based mCIMT with or without trunk restraints, five times per week, three hours daily over two weeks. In this study, the participants were separated into dominant group, which had their paretic upper limb as dominant before the stroke (n=8), and non-dominant group (n=14) for analyses. The ability to perform unimanual tasks was measured by the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL), whereas the capacity to perform bimanual tasks was measured using the Bilateral Activity Assessment Scale (BAAS). Results: Analysis revealed significant positive effects on the MAL amount of use and quality of the movement scales, as well as on the BAAS scores after intervention, with no differences between groups. Both groups maintained the bimanual improvements during follow-ups (BAAS-seconds 0.1, 95% CI -10.0 to 10.0), however only the dominant group maintained the unilateral improvements (MAL-amount of use: 1.5, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.3; MAL-quality: 1.3, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.1). Conclusions: Upper limb dominance did not interfere with the acquisition of upper limb skills after mCIMT. However, the participants whose paretic upper limb was dominant demonstrated better abilities to maintain the unilateral gains. The bilateral improvements were maintained, regardless of upper limb dominance.
https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0050
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11.
Atividade antitríptica de proteínas em polpas e sementes de frutas tropicais
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Bezerra, Ágnes Denise de Lima
; Barbosa, Claudia Renata Montenegro
; Carvalho, Fabiana Maria Coimbra de
; Serquiz, Alexandre Coelho
; Morais, Ana Heloneida de Araújo
.
A alimentação saudável e diversificada é essencial para a manutenção da saúde física e mental, e apesar de o perfil alimentar atual valorizar a praticidade do comer, nota-se que a população está consumindo, de forma crescente, frutas, tanto na forma in natura como na forma de sucos. No entanto, o consumo de certas frutas in natura ocorre acompanhado da ingestão de suas sementes, cascas ou mesmo outras partes, podendo existir fatores antinutricionais, moléculas e/ou compostos que podem interferir na biodisponibilidade e/ou digestibilidade de nutrientes, tais como os inibidores de tripsina. Tais inibidores podem prejudicar o aproveitamento de proteínas presentes nos alimentos, porém estudos recentes vêm sendo divulgados, demonstrando também os efeitos benéficos dos mesmos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar inibidores de tripsina nos extratos aquosos das frutas: goiaba (Psidium guajava L), das variedades Kumagai (branca) e Paluma (vermelha); maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis f.) e melancia (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad). Para tal, foi realizada a detecção da presença da atividade antitríptica e a dosagem de proteínas solúveis. Em todos os extratos analisados, foi detectada atividade inibitória de tripsina, bem como de proteínas solúveis. Assim, a inibição pode ser explicada pela presença de inibidores proteicos, pois, nos extratos de sementes, em SDS-PAGE, foi possível visualizar um largo espectro de bandas proteicas. Vale ressaltar que, no estudo, as bandas proteicas que coincidem com as massas moleculares dos inibidores de tripsina não apareceram de forma majoritária, demonstrando que os extratos de sementes, provavelmente, possuem inibidor proteico, no entanto em pouca quantidade, justificando a baixa atividade antitríptica (1,36 a 15,15 UI / mg de peso seco), também apresentada pelos extratos de polpa. Portanto, tendo em vista o consumo recomendado das frutas, incluindo goiaba, maracujá e melancia, possivelmente, esta atividade inibitória esteja mais relacionada a benefícios do que a prejuízos à saúde, enfatizando, entretanto, o cuidado com o consumo de quantidades elevadas de sementes presentes e consumidas nestas frutas.
A healthy and diversified eating is essential for the maintenance of physical and mental health, and despite the current trend that appreciates the convenience of eating, it is noted that the population is increasingly consuming fruit, both in natura and / or juices. However, the use of certain fresh fruits is accompanied by the consumption of the seeds, peels or other parts may contain antinutritional factors, molecules and / or compounds that may adversely affect the bioavailability and / or digestibility of nutrients, such as inhibitors of trypsin. Such inhibitors may impair the utilization of proteins in food, but recent studies have been published also demonstrating the beneficial effects of the same. This study aimed to evaluate the trypsin inhibitors in aqueous extracts of fruits: guava (Psidium guajava L) varieties Kumagai (white) and Paluma (red), yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.) and watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad). Tests were done in order to detect the presence of antitryptic activity and the dosage of soluble proteins. Trypsin inhibitory activity was detected in all extracts tested, as well as soluble proteins. Thus, inhibition can be explained by the presence of an inhibitor protein, because it was possible, in seed extracts, in SDS-PAGE, to visualize a wide range of protein bands. It is noteworthy that in the study, the protein bands that coincide with the molecular masses of the trypsin inhibitors did not appear in a majority, showing that seed extracts are likely to have protein inhibitor, however sparingly, justifying the low antitryptic activity (1, 36 to 15.15 IU / mg of dry weight), also shown by the extracts of the pulp. Therefore, having the recommended consumption of fruits including guava, passion fruit and watermelon in sight, possibly this inhibitory activity is more related to benefits than to hazards, regarding one's health. However, it is important to emphasize a careful consumption of large quantities of seeds present in these fruits.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-270/13
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12.
Thrips species (Insecta: Thysanoptera) associated to Fabaceae of agricultural importance in Cerrado and Amazon-Caatinga ecotone from Brazilian Mid-North
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Pouco se sabe sobre a fauna de Thysanoptera do Meio-Norte do Brasil. A despeito de ser uma região com pelo menos três biomas e alguns ecótonos, os estudos sobre essa ordem de insetos na região são relacionados a associações a poucas espécies vegetais cultivadas. Em Fabaceae, família vegetal com o segundo maior número de registros de espécies de tripes associadas no Brasil e grande importância econômica no Meio-Norte, há registros somente em feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Devido à falta de dados sobre a fauna de Thysanoptera nessa área diversa e à importância de culturas dessa família na região, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer as espécies de tripes associadas a Fabaceae de importância agrícola em áreas de Cerrado e ecótono Amazônia-Caatinga no Meio-Norte do Brasil, bem como disponibilizar informações biológicas básicas sobre danos e hospedeiros. Além disso, comparações entre as faunas de Thysanoptera de fabáceas cultivadas na região e no resto do País e uma chave para as espécies são apresentadas. Os tripes foram coletados em seis espécies de Fabaceae de importância agrícola em quatro municípios do estado do Maranhão e em um município no estado do Piauí. Oito espécies de tripes foram identificadas: Caliothrips phaseoli (Pergande, 1895), Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937, F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948, F. insularis (Franklin, 1908), F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. tritici (Fitch, 1855), Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908) e Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935. Duas outras espécies não identificadas foram coletadas: Plesiothrips sp. e Scolothrips sp. Exceto por F. schultzei, todas as espécies de tripes coletadas no Maranhão são registradas pela primeira vez no estado, e F. gardeniae é registrada pela primeira vez no estado do Piauí. Foram estabelecidos os primeiros registros de tripes em Phaseolus lunatus L. no Brasil. Algumas espécies conhecidas como pragas de Fabaceae no Brasil, principalmente no sul e sudeste, não foram encontradas no Meio-Norte. Os espécimes-testemunha estão depositados na Coleção Entomológica do Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ / USP).
Little is known about the Thysanoptera fauna from Brazilian Mid-North. In spite of being a region with at least three biomes and some ecotones, the studies on this insect order in the region are related to associations to a few cultivated plant species. On Fabaceae, plant family with the second largest number of records of thrips species associated in Brazil and huge economic importance for Mid-North, there are thrips records only on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Due to the lack of knowledge on the Thysanoptera fauna in such a diverse area and the importance of crops of this family in the region, this research aimed to survey the thrips species associated to Fabaceae of agricultural importance in areas of Cerrado and Amazon-Caatinga ecotone in Brazilian Mid-North, as well as provide basic biological information about damage and hosts. Also, comparison between the Thysanoptera fauna of fabaceous crops in the region and the rest of the Country and a key to species are presented. Thrips were collected on six fabaceous crops in four municipalities in the state of Maranhão and in one municipality in the state of Piauí. Eight thrips species were identified: Caliothrips phaseoli (Pergande, 1895), Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937, F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948, F. insularis (Franklin, 1908), F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. tritici (Fitch, 1855), Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908) and Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935. Two other unidentified species were collected: Plesiothrips sp. and Scolothrips sp. Except for F. schultzei, the thrips species surveyed in Maranhão are first records in the state, and F. gardeniae is first record in the state of Piauí. The first records of thrips on Phaseolus lunatus L. in Brazil were established. Some species known as pests of Fabaceae mostly in southern and southeastern Brazil were not found in Mid-North. Voucher-specimens are deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP).
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000200027
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13.
Testing simple criteria for de age estimation of six hunted mammal species in Brazilian amazon
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Mendes-Oliveira, Ana Cristina
; de Maria, Susanne L. S
; Soares de Lima, Renata Cecília
; Fernandes, Alexandre S
; de Almeida, Paula C. R
; Montag, Luciano F. A
; de Carvalho Jr, Oswaldo
.
Muitos métodos para estimativa de idade de mamíferos têm sido utilizados ultimamente. Entretanto, a maioria deles requerem procedimentos laboratoriais, que geralmente, não estão disponíveis em campo. Neste artigo nós definimos categorias de idade para seis espécies de mamíferos através da análise de desgaste dentário, erupção dentária e massa corporal. Nós analisamos 632 crânios, incluindo Mazama nemorivaga (veado cinza), Mazama americana (veado vermelhor), Tayassu pecari (queixada), Pecari tajacu (cateto), Cuniculus paca (paca) and Dasyprocta leporina (cotia). Usando critérios biológicos e morfológicos nós definimos quatro categorias de idade para cada espécie: jovem, sub-adulto, adulto e adulto senescente. Foram definidos padrões de desgaste e erupção dos molares para cada categoria de idade para cada uma das espécies analisadas. Nós encontramos diferenças significativas das médias de peso entre as categorias de idade para as espécies D. leporina (F = 81.1; df = 3; p < 0.05), C. paca (F = 39.0; df = 3; p < 0.05), P. tajacu (F = 24.6; df = 3; p < 0.05) and M. americana (F = 30.6; df = 3; p < 0.05), sugerindo que a massa corporal pode ser usada como um critério complementar de estimativa de idade. Embora seja um método menos quantitativo do que aqueles citados com mais frequência na literatura, como deposição de bandas de cementum, o método descrito neste artigo mostrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente para pesquisadores e manejadores em trabalhos de campo na Amazônia brasileira. Embora métodos similares já tenham sido utilizados em estudos de caça, é a primeira vez que esta metodologia é descrita em detalhes, podendo ser replicada em outros estudos semelhantes.
Many methods of age determination have been used to date. However, most of them require laboratory procedures which are, in general, not available for wildlife managers in the field. In this paper we attempt to standardize the age categories for six mammal species through the analysis of dental wear, dental eruption and body mass. We analyzed 632 skulls, including Mazama nemorivaga (brown brocket deer), Mazama americana (red brocket deer), Tayassu pecari (white-lipped peccary), Pecari tajacu (collared peccary), Cuniculus paca (paca) and Dasyprocta leporina (agouti). Using biological and morphological criteria we define four age categories: young, sub adult, adult and senescent adult. Scores and variables of molar cusp wear and eruption were defined for each age category within each species. We found significant differences in mean weights among age categories for D. leporina (F = 81.1; df = 3; p < 0.05), C. paca (F = 39.0; df = 3; p < 0.05), P. tajacu (F = 24.6; df = 3; p < 0.05) and M. americana (F = 30.6; df = 3; p < 0.05), suggesting that body mass can be a complementary criterion for estimating age. Despite being less quantitative than methods such as those which use deposition of cementum layers, the method described here proved to be an efficient tool for field researchers and managers in the Brazilian Amazon. Although similar methods have already been applied in the study of hunted mammals in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon, it is the first time such a method is described in detail and therefore it can be easily used in future works.
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14.
Disfunção miocárdica e alterações no trânsito de cálcio intracelular em ratos obesos
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Lima-Leopoldo, Ana Paula
; Leopoldo, André S.
; Sugizaki, Mário M.
; Bruno, Alessandro
; Nascimento, André F.
; Luvizotto, Renata A. M.
; Oliveira Júnior, Silvio A. de
; Castardeli, Edson
; Padovani, Carlos R.
; Cicogna, Antonio C.
.
FUNDAMENTO: Vários mecanismos têm sido propostos contribuir para a disfunção cardíaca em modelos de obesidade, tais como alterações nas proteínas do trânsito de cálcio (Ca+2) e nos receptores beta-adrenérgicos. Todavia, o papel desses fatores no desenvolvimento da disfunção miocárdica induzida pela obesidade ainda não está claro. OBJETIVO: Este estudo pretende investigar se a obesidade induzida por um ciclo de dieta hipercalóricas resulta em disfunção cardíaca. Além disso, foi avaliado se essa alteração funcional em ratos obesos está relacionada com o prejuízo do trânsito de Ca+2 e do sistema beta-adrenérgico. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos, 30 dias de idade, foram alimentados com ração padrão (C) e um ciclo de cinco dietas hipercalóricas (Ob) por 15 semanas. A obesidade foi definida pelo aumento da porcentagem de gordura corporal dos ratos. A função cardíaca foi avaliada mediante análise isolada do músculo papilar do ventrículo esquerdo em condições basais e após manobras inotrópicas e lusitrópicas. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com o grupo controle, os ratos obesos apresentaram aumento da gordura corporal e intolerância a glicose. Os músculos dos ratos obesos desenvolveram valores basais semelhantes; entretanto, as respostas miocárdicas ao potencial pós-pausa e aumento de Ca+2 extracelular foram comprometidas. Não houve alterações na função cardíaca entre os grupos após a estimulação beta-adrenérgica. CONCLUSÃO: A obesidade promove disfunção cardíaca relacionada com alterações no trânsito de Ca+2 intracelular. Esse prejuízo funcional é provavelmente ocasionado pela redução da atividade da bomba de Ca+2 do retículo sarcoplasmático (SERCA2a) via Ca+2 calmodulina-quinase.
BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to cardiac dysfunction in obesity models, such as alterations in calcium (Ca2+) handling proteins and β-adrenergic receptors. Nevertheless, the role of these factors in the development of myocardial dysfunction induced by obesity is still not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether obesity induced by hypercaloric diets results in cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, it was evaluated whether this functional abnormality in obese rats is related to abnormal Ca2+ handling and the β-adrenoceptor system. METHODS: Male 30-day-old Wistar rats were fed with standard food (C) and a cycle of five hypercaloric diets (Ob) for 15 weeks. Obesity was defined as increases in body fat percentage in rats. Cardiac function was evaluated by isolated analysis of the left ventricle papillary muscle under basal conditions and after inotropic and lusitropic maneuvers. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the obese rats had increased body fat and glucose intolerance. The muscles of obese rats developed similar baseline data, but the myocardial responsiveness to post-rest contraction stimulus and increased extracellular Ca2+ were compromised. There were no changes in cardiac function between groups after β-adrenergic stimulation. CONCLUSION: Obesity promotes cardiac dysfunction related to changes in intracellular Ca2+ handling. This functional damage is probably caused by reduced cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) activation via Ca2+ calmodulin kinase.
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Confiabilidade da versão brasileira do Wolf Motor Function Test em adultos com hemiparesia
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Pereira, Natalia D.
; Michaelsen, Stella M.
; Menezes, Isabella S.
; Ovando, Angélica C.
; Lima, Renata C. M.
; Teixeira-Salmela, Luci F.
.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) avalia o membro superior (MS) de adultos com hemiparesia combinando medidas de tempo e qualidade de movimento em movimentos isolados e em tarefas funcionais. OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar para a língua portuguesa o formulário, a escala de habilidade funcional (EHF) e o manual de aplicação do WMFT e avaliar a confiabilidade intra e inter-observadores. MÉTODOS: Participaram 15 indivíduos com média de idade de 57,9±11,1 anos e 68,5±53,5 meses pós acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). O WMFT foi aplicado por um fisioterapeuta utilizando as informações do manual e cotado por dois outros fisioterapeutas independentes pela observação dos vídeos. Foram acrescentadas informações mais detalhadas na EHF sobre a movimentação compensatória em relação à escala original. A confiabilidade intra e interobservadores do desempenho no tempo e da EHF dos itens individuais e do escore total foi avaliada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e pelo método Bland e Altman. Kappa ponderado (Kp) foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância intra e interobservadores da EHF. RESULTADOS: O CCI interobservador do desempenho no tempo foi >0,75 em 13 das 15 tarefas. A EHF apresentou CCI interobservador entre 0,87 e 0,99 em todas as tarefas e Kp entre 0,63 e 0,92. O CCI intraobservador do tempo variou entre 0,99 e 1 e na EHF, entre 0,96 e 1. O Kp intraobservador na EHF nas tarefas variou entre 0,79 e 0,96, sendo 0,93 para o escore total. CONCLUSÃO: A versão brasileira do WMFT demonstrou confiabilidade adequada para avaliar o MS parético pós-AVE.
BACKGROUND: The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) evaluates the upper limb (UL) performance of adults with hemiparesis by combining time and quality of movement measures in both isolated movements and functional tasks. OBJECTIVES: To translate and adapt the WMFT form, functional ability scale (FAS) and manual to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate the intra and inter-rater reliabilities. METHODS: Fifteen individuals with a mean age of 57.9±11.1 years and a mean time since stroke onset of 68.5±53.5 months participated. The WMFT was administered by one physiotherapist based on information in the manual, and video observations were assessed by two other independent physical therapists. Information regarding compensatory movements was included in the FAS. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to examine the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for performance time and FAS, whereas weighted kappa (Kp) was used to examine the agreement strength for FAS. RESULTS: The inter-rater ICC values for performance time were above 0.75 in 13 of the 15 tasks. For the FAS, they ranged from 0.87-0.99 for all evaluated tasks, with Kp values ranging from 0.63-0.92. For intra-rater reliability, the ICC ranged from 0.99-1.0 and from 0.96-1.0 for time measurement and FAS, respectively. Kp values ranged from 0.79-0.96 for individual and 0.93 for total scores. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the WMFT showed adequate intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for evaluating the paretic UL of individuals with stroke.
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