Scaffolds are devices with interconnected pores that favor cell interaction and proliferation. They play a significant role in tissue engineering, as they mimic the conditions of tissue production in vivo. The aim of this study was to synthesize scaffolds of chitosan, collagen, and Jatropha mollissima by lyophilization and characterize their chemical/biodegradability and morphological properties. For that, techniques of optical microscopy, infrared spectrometry, biodegradation test, and degree of swelling were performed. A 2% (m/v) chitosan/collagen (1:9) in lactic acid solution was produced. Then, Jatropha mollissima crude extract was added to this solution in different proportions of mass (5, 10, and 15%). Optical microscope images indicated the three-dimensional network formation with interconnected pores and predominantly lamellar shape. Through infrared spectrometry, characteristic bands indicated a physical mixture. Also, the swelling degree of all samples was proportional to the amount of Jatropha mollissima extract with the highest percentage of 1852%. Biodegradation test also revealed a proportional ratio between the amount of sap used and the degraded percentage with the lowest value of around 35% in 28 days. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the scaffolds produced show potential to be used in tissue engineering as dressings. proliferation vivo chitosan collagen chemicalbiodegradability chemical biodegradability properties microscopy spectrometry performed 2 m/v mv m v (m/v chitosancollagen 19 1 9 (1:9 Then 5, 5 (5 10 15%. 15 15% . 15%) threedimensional three dimensional shape mixture Also 1852 1852% 35 days conclusion dressings (1: ( 185 3 (1 18

Abstract The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are \ a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25–250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 μg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 μg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells. spp effects S MFC. . MFC) colonyforming colony forming unitsmL units mL units/mL method assay strains 3125250 31 25 250 31.25–25 μgmL μg compound 200 3125 31.2 C 2 4 p 0 05. 05 05) 12 hours Furthermore line biofilms Additionally cells 312525 3 31.25–2 20 312 31. 1 31252 31.25–

ABSTRACT Seven strawberry genotypes were analyzed in order to differentiate fruit production and quality. The discarded leaves (by-product) were also used to characterize their phytochemical profile with a view to potential use in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. The multivariate analysis gave rise to heterogeneous groups among the seven genotypes. ‘Fronteras’ and ‘Monterey’ were the most productive. ‘Camino Real’ produced fruits with the highest polyphenols concentrations. ‘Fronteras’ produced leaves with the best phytochemical profile and, together with ‘Camino Real’, the highest antioxidant activity. The genotypes differ in terms of the yield and fruit, and leaf phytochemical profiles. ‘Camino Real’ can be used to optimize and market all the organs produced (fruits and leaves) and ‘Fronteras’ to increase the fruit yield and the use of leaves as a cultivation by-product. quality byproduct by product (by-product industries ‘Fronteras Fronteras ‘Monterey Monterey productive Camino Real concentrations Real, , activity profiles byproduct. product. by-product

Abstract Eustachys presents lower diversity in the Old World than in the Neotropics and it occurs disjunctly between main tropical regions. This qualifies Eustachys as a good model to test whether lineages expand their niches during the process of range expansion. We performed ancestral range reconstruction, compared environmental spaces of the different geographic areas and assessed bioclimatic trait evolution. Ancestral range reconstruction indicated that most speciation in Eustachys occurred in the South America. Ancestral climatic niches of the New World are different from those of African and Australasia lineages. Our results show that Eustachys experienced niche expansion when it reached the New World. Evolutionary history of Eustachys illustrates how the range expansion promoted climatic niche shifts, which could drive unbalanced species richness of the genus among different tropical regions. regions evolution America shifts

Abstract A new species of Duguetia from Reserva Natural Vale, in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, is described and illustrated, and an updated key to the Duguetia species from this state is presented. Duguetia rolimii is known only from two large trees, restricted to the municipality of Linhares. It resembles D. sooretamae in having young twigs densely covered with stellate scales, narrow and shiny leaves with similar dimensions, and fruits with more than 200 fertile monocarps. Nevertheless, these two species can be distinguished from each other mainly by the type of vegetation where they occur, plant size, the density of stellate scales at the lower side of the leaves, the angle between the primary and secondary leaf veins, the shape of the flower buds, length of the upper bract, the shape of the fertile monocarps and indument of the areoles. Comments on distribution, conservation status and field photos of the new species, and comparisons with other related species are provided. Vale Santo illustrated presented trees Linhares D dimensions 20 Nevertheless occur size veins buds bract areoles distribution provided 2

RESUMO Introdução: A tonometria gástrica é uma ferramenta útil para examinar a perfusão esplâncnica regional por permitir o fornecimento de uma avaliação indireta do estado do enxerto hepático. Isso ocorre devido à hipoperfusão esplâncnica ser um parâmetro crítico no contexto do transplante de fígado, estando associada ao desenvolvimento de problemas como insuficiência hepática aguda e falência de múltiplos órgãos. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da tonometria gastrointestinal no perioperatório dos pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Foram utilizados os descritores: “Tonometry”, “Splanchnic circulation” e “Liver transplantation”, incluindo o operador booleano “AND”, e selecionados artigos de relevância para o tema. Foram selecionados inicialmente 24 artigos, todos publicados nos últimos 20 anos, em português e/ou inglês. Após análise, seis artigos corresponderam ao objetivo proposto. Resultado: Observou-se que a diferença entre a PraCO2 no final da cirurgia e na fase anepática foi maior em pacientes sem disfunção do enxerto hepático. Foi identificada uma correlação positiva entre ΔpraCO2 e o pico de ALT após o transplante de fígado. Em outro estudo, verificou-se que a presença de enzimas hepáticas elevadas e a piora da função hepática sintética, coagulopatia e encefalopatia estava relacionada à má função do enxerto. Também foi comprovado que o pH gástrico intramucoso pode predizer a funcionalidade precoce do enxerto. Em um grupo com disfunção hepática, os pacientes apresentaram pH gástrico intramucoso abaixo de 7,3 no período perioperatório, mantendo-se baixo até a 24ª hora pós-operatória, enquanto o grupo sem disfunção apresentou pH gástrico intramucoso acima de 7,3, exceto na fase anepática, quando ficou abaixo desse valor. Conclusão: Descreve-se a utilidade da tonometria gastrointestinal para monitorar a circulação esplâncnica e a função do enxerto hepático durante o transplante hepático. Embora alguns estudos ofereçam suporte a essa afirmação, esta revisão apresenta limitações devido à quantidade restrita de artigos disponíveis, o que a impede de abranger uma ampla gama de evidências científicas. Introdução fígado órgãos Objetivo Metodologia Tratase Trata se BVS descritores Tonometry, Tonometry , “Tonometry” Splanchnic circulation Liver transplantation, transplantation transplantation” AND, AND “AND” tema 2 anos eou ou inglês análise proposto Resultado Observouse Observou PraCO ΔpraCO estudo verificouse verificou sintética 73 7 3 7, mantendose mantendo ª pósoperatória, pósoperatória pós operatória, operatória pós-operatória valor Conclusão Descrevese Descreve afirmação disponíveis científicas “Tonometry “AND

ABSTRACT Introduction: Gastric tonometry is a useful tool for examining regional splanchnic perfusion as it provides an indirect assessment of the state of the liver graft. This is because splanchnic hypoperfusion is a critical parameter in the context of liver transplantation, being associated with the development of problems such as acute liver failure and multiple organ failure. Objective: To analyze the effects of gastrointestinal tonometry in the perioperative period of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methodology This is an Integrative Review using the PubMed and VHL databases. The following descriptors were used: “Tonometry”, “Splanchnic circulation” and “Liver transplantation” with the Boolean operator “AND”, and articles of relevance to the topic were selected. Initially, 24 articles were selected, all published in the last 20 years, in Portuguese and/or English. After analysis, 6 articles matched the proposed objective. Results: It was observed that the difference between PraCO2 at the end of surgery and in the anepathic phase was greater in patients without liver graft dysfunction. A positive correlation was found between ΔpraCO2 and peak ALT after liver transplantation. In another study, it was found that the relationship between poor graft function was the presence of elevated liver enzymes, worsening synthetic liver function, coagulopathy and encephalopathy. It has also been shown that intramucosal gastric pH can predict early graft function. In a group with liver dysfunction, patients had an intramucosal gastric pH of less than 7.3 in the perioperative period, which remained low until the 24th hour postoperatively, while the group without dysfunction had an intramucosal gastric pH of more than 7.3, except in the anepathic phase when it was below this value. Conclusion: The usefulness of gastrointestinal tonometry to monitor splanchnic circulation and liver graft function during liver transplantation has been described and although support for this statement was found in some studies, this review had limitations due to the small number of articles available, which prevents it from covering a wide range of scientific evidence. Introduction Objective databases used Tonometry, Tonometry , “Tonometry” Splanchnic Liver AND, AND “AND” selected Initially 2 years andor or English analysis objective Results PraCO ΔpraCO study enzymes encephalopathy 73 7 3 7. th postoperatively value Conclusion studies available evidence “Tonometry “AND

Abstract Objective: The present study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) (Chandler, Mortimore & Wormald, and Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima) and observed which of them presented the best clinical applicability. Methods: Clinical data and CT scan findings of patients with orbital infection were retrospectively collected. To compare the three classification systems, we revised and graded all CT images accordingly, and divided the patients into four groups: Eyelid cellulitis (EC), orbital cellulitis (OC), subperiosteal abscess (SA), and orbital abscess (OA). The groups were compared regarding the presence of sinus opacification, the need for hospitalization and/or surgical treatment, and the presence of further complications/sequelae. Results: 143 patients were included. The median number of sinuses involved in patients in the OC, SA, and OA groups was 2.0. ARS was rarely associated with signs of EC (present in both Chandler’s and Mortimore & Wormald’s classifications. The hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the EC group compared to the other three groups. Surgery was performed in all cases in the OA group, in 58.1% in the SA group, 19.4% in the OC group, and 12.5% in the EC group (p-value < 0.0001 ). Complications were present at higher rates in the OA group compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: ARS was rarely associated with Eyelid Cellulitis. The stratification in the other three groups showed to be clinically relevant. Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima's classification system proved valid, simple, and effective for categorizing orbital complications of ARS. Level of evidence: 3. Objective (ARS Chandler, Chandler (Chandler Wormald AnselmoLima Anselmo Lima Anselmo-Lima applicability Methods collected accordingly EC, , (EC) (OC) (SA) OA. . (OA) opacification andor or treatment complicationssequelae sequelae complications/sequelae Results 14 included 20 2 0 2.0 Chandlers s Wormalds classifications 581 58 1 58.1 194 19 4 19.4 125 12 5 12.5 pvalue p value 00001 0001 0.000 ) Conclusions Cellulitis relevant AnselmoLimas valid simple evidence 3 (EC (OC (SA (OA 2. 58. 19. 12. 0000 000 0.00 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO O handebol caracteriza-se por transições rápidas entre ações ofensivas e defensivas durante o jogo com objetivo de marcar gols. O nível de conhecimento tático declarativo (CTD) e de aptidão física (APF) do atleta pode influenciar o desempenho. Este estudo objetivou-se em analisar a correlação entre o nível de CTD e de APF de atletas de handebol. A população amostra envolveu 16 atletas, com idade de 16,69 (± 0,60) anos, sexo masculino, escolhidos por conveniência. Utilizamos os protocolos do Projeto Esporte Brasil e CTD. O índice de massa corporal do grupo analisado apresentou média de 24,05 (± 5,71), apontando eutrofia e a relação cintura e média de estatura foi de 0,82 (± 0,13), zona saudável. Em relação à APF dos atletas, identificamos níveis fraco para agilidade (100%), muito bom para flexibilidade (62,5%), bom para força de membros inferiores, (62,5%) muito bom para força de membros superiores (50%), bom para resistência cardiorrespiratória (68,8%), razoável para resistência muscular localizada (37,5%) e fraco para velocidade (100%). O nível de CTD apresentou nível fraco e em evolução com média de 2,50 (± 1,03). Os componentes da APF e CTD não apresentaram correlações significativas. Ademais, os resultados foram promissores, porém, estão aquém dos padrões de excelência, necessitando melhorias.

ABSTRACT Handball is characterised by rapid transitions between offensive and defensive actions during the game in order to score goals. The level of declarative tactical knowledge (DTC) and physical fitness (FPA) of the athlete can influence performance. This study aimed to analyse the correlation between the level of CTD and APF of handball athletes. The sample population involved 16 athletes aged 16.69 (± 0.60) years, male, chosen by convenience. We used the Sport Brazil Project and CTD protocols. The body mass index of the analysed group had an average of 24.05 (± 5.71), indicating eutrophy and the waist-to-height ratio had an average of 0.82 (± 0.13), a healthy zone. Regarding the fitness level of the athletes, we identified weak levels for agility (100%), very good for flexibility (62.5%), good for lower limbs strength (62.5%), very good for upper limbs strength (50%), good for cardiorespiratory resistance (68.8%), reasonable for localised muscle resistance (37.5%) and weak for speed (100%). The CTD level was poor and evolving with a mean of 2.50 (± 1.03). The components of APF and CTD did not show significant correlations. Furthermore, the results were promising; however, they are below the standards of excellence, requiring improvement.

Resumen Introducción: Una buena relación médico-paciente es crucial para la práctica médica. Un elemento fundamen tal de la misma es la empatía del médico tratante, y esta puede ser cuantificada mediante una escala validada llamada Escala de Empatía de Jefferson. Métodos: En este estudio buscamos correlacionar los valores de empatía de los médicos del servicio con los resultados de las encuestas de satisfacción del pa ciente ambulatorio, medido mediante una herramienta llamada HCAPS. Resultados: Encontramos que los pacientes percibían un mayor trato respetuoso y que se les explicaba mejor sus opciones de tratamiento por parte de los médicos con mayores niveles de empatía. No hubo diferencias en los niveles de empatía de los médicos según su edad, sexo, o tiempo desde la obtención del título de especialista. Discusión: Los resultados validan a la empatía como una habilidad clave dentro de la relación médico-paciente.

Abstract Introduction: A good doctor-patient relationship is crucial to medical practice. A fundamental element of it is the empathy of the treating physician, and it can be quantified by means of a validated scale called the Jefferson Empathy Scale. Methods: In this study we sought to correlate the empathy values of our physicians with the results of outpatient satisfaction surveys, measured using a tool called HCAPS. Results: We found that patients perceived greater respectful treatment and had their treatment options better explained to them by physicians with higher lev els of empathy. There were no differences in physicians’ empathy levels according to their age, gender, or time since qualifying as a specialist. Discussion: These results validate empathy as a key skill in the doctor-patient relationship.

Abstract The first record of a species of Lexiphanes Gistel (Cryptocephalini) on Waltheria indica Linnaeus (Malvaceae) flowers in eastern Brazil is presented. From eggs obtained in laboratory rearing, the duration of the life cycle of this species from egg to adult is reported, which was estimated at 66.5 days.

Resumen Se presenta el primer registro de una especie de Lexiphanes Gistel (Cryptocephalini) sobre flores de Waltheria indica Linnaeus (Malvaceae) en el este de Brasil. A partir de huevos obtenidos de una crianza en laboratorio, se reporta la duración del ciclo de vida de esta especie desde huevo hasta adulto, el cual se estimó en 66,5 días.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, temporal e espacial sobre a mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM/Datasus). As informações foram estratificadas por ano do diagnóstico, região do país, municípios (de residência). Foram calculadas as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade (TPM). A tendência temporal foi estimada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten e a distribuição espacial pelo Índice Global de Moran (IGM). Resultados: As maiores médias da TPM no Brasil foram para hepatite viral crônica, com 0,88 mortes para cada 100 mil habitantes (desvio padrão — DP=0,16), seguida de outras hepatites virais, com 0,22/100 mil (DP=0,11). No Brasil, a tendência temporal da mortalidade por hepatite A foi de −8,11% ao ano (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% −9,38; −6,82), enquanto por hepatite B foi de −4,13% (IC95% −6,03; −2,20); de outras hepatites virais, foi de −7,84% (IC95% −14,11; −1,11) e de hepatite não especificada, de −5,67% ao ano (IC95% −6,22; −5,10). A mortalidade por hepatite viral crônica cresceu 5,74% (IC95%3,47; 8,06) no norte e 4,95% no nordeste (IC95% 0,27; 9,85). O Índice de Moran (I) para hepatite A foi de 0,470 (p<0,001), para hepatite B de 0,846 (p<0,001), hepatite viral crônica=0,666 (p<0,001), outras hepatites virais=0,713 (p<0,001) e hepatites não especificadas=0,712 (p<0,001). Conclusão: A tendência temporal das hepatites A, B, de outras hepatites virais e das não especificadas foi de diminuição no Brasil, enquanto a mortalidade por hepatites crônicas foi de crescimento nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and the temporal trend of the hepatitis mortality rate in Brazil from 2001 to 2020. Methods: Ecological, temporal, and spatial study on mortality from hepatitis in Brazil with data from the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM/DATASUS). Information was stratified by year of diagnosis, region of the country, municipalities (of residence). Standardized mortality rates (SMR) were calculated. The temporal trend was estimated by Prais-Winsten regression and the spatial distribution by the Global Moran Index (GMI). Results: The highest SMR means in Brazil were for Chronic viral hepatitis with 0.88 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (SD=0.16), followed by Other viral hepatitis with 0.22/100,000 (SD=0.11). In Brazil, the temporal trend of mortality from Hepatitis A was −8.11% per year (95%CI −9.38; −6.82), while for Hepatitis B it was −4.13% (95%CI −6.03; −2.20), of Other viral hepatitis of −7.84% (95%CI −14.11; −1.11) and of Unspecified Hepatitis −5.67% per year (95%CI −6.22; −5.10). Mortality due to chronic viral hepatitis increased by 5.74% (95%CI 3.47; 8.06) in the North and 4.95% in the Northeast (95%CI 0.27; 9.85). The Moran Index (I) for Hepatitis A was 0.470 (p<0.001), for Hepatitis B 0.846 (p<0.001), Chronic viral hepatitis=0.666 (p<0.001), other viral hepatitis=0.713 (p<0.001), and Unspecified Hepatitis=0.712 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The temporal trend of hepatitis A, B, other viral, and unspecified hepatitis was decreasing in Brazil, while mortality from chronic hepatitis was increasing in the North and Northeast.

RESUMO Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo são, no estado de Sergipe: (1) analisar a tendência temporal da tuberculose e os desfechos do tratamento; (2) identificar a existência de sazonalidade da tuberculose; (3) verificar a influência do teste rápido molecular (TRM-TB) na série temporal da tuberculose e seus desfechos de tratamento; e (4) verificar os desfechos do tratamento. Métodos: Estudo ecológico sobre tuberculose e três desfechos do tratamento (cura, interrupção do tratamento e óbito) extraídos do Datasus. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência e de mortalidade para as ocorrências brutas de casos e as proporções de cura e interrupção do tratamento (%). A série temporal foi analisada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: A taxa de incidência total foi de 36,35 casos por 100 mil habitantes, com aumento de 0,44% ao mês (IC95% 0,35; 0,54). A proporção de cura foi de 64,0%, com tendência estacionária (p>0,05). O percentual de interrupção do tratamento foi de 13,3%, com redução de 0,73% ao mês (IC95% −1,11; −0,34). A taxa de mortalidade total foi de 1,92 morte por100 mil habitantes, com tendência estacionária. Posteriormente à implementação do TRM-TB, a taxa de incidência cresceu 0,65% ao mês. A sazonalidade não foi identificada em nenhuma das análises realizadas (p>0,05). Conclusão: Cresceram as taxas de incidência, redução da interrupção do tratamento e mortalidade no estado de Sergipe. Não foi identificado sazonalidade. O teste rápido molecular apresentou efeito de crescimento na taxa de incidência.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the temporal trend of tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the state of Sergipe; (2) to identify the existence of seasonality of tuberculosis; (3) to verify the influence of the rapid molecular test (MTB-RIF) in the time series of tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes in the state of Sergipe; and (4) to verify treatment outcomes. Methods: Ecological study on tuberculosis and three treatment outcomes (cure, interruption of treatment, and death) extracted from Datasus. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated for the crude occurrences of cases and deaths and the proportions of cure and interruption of treatment (%). The time series was analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression from Jan to Dec/2021. Results: The total incidence rate was 36.35 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with an increase of 0.44% per month (95%CI 0.35; 0.54). The cure rate was 64.0% with a steady trend (p>0.05). The percentage of treatment interruption was 13.3%, with a reduction of −0.73%/month (95%CI −1.11; −0.34). The total mortality rate was 1.92 deaths/100,000 inhabitants with a stationary trend. After the implementation of the MTB-RIF, there was an increase in the incidence rate of 0.65% per month. Seasonality was not identified in any of the analyses performed (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was an increase in incidence rates, reduction in treatment interruption and mortality in the state of Sergipe. Seasonality was not identified. The rapid molecular test showed a growth effect on the incidence rate.

ABSTRACT Water management aims to ensure the water availability necessary to meet the current and future demand for water resources. For which it is essential to implement monitoring networks that support the investigation of events that interfere with the rainfall regime of watersheds, such the phases of the ocean-atmospheric phenomenon El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The classification of the rainfall network was proposed according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for 14 management watersheds in the Upper Parana River (UPR) region, Brazil. On the other hand, the spatial and temporal variability of annual rainfall was analyzed using geostatistical techniques and confronted with ENSO data. To this purpose, data from 408 stations were collected via the Hidroweb portal, for the period from 1990 to 2020. The low representativeness of data in the region was verified from the observational network. The areas with the lowest and highest rainfall reduction were the north and northwest regions of the UPR, and the areas surrounding the Paraná River, respectively. The years 2019 and 2020 were identified as the most critical period of the last 3 decades with below-average rainfall (-13.21%) in 49.55% of the studied area, indicating a persistence in the drought scenario. resources oceanatmospheric ocean atmospheric ENSO. . (ENSO) WMO (WMO 1 UPR (UPR Brazil hand purpose 40 portal 199 respectively 201 202 belowaverage below average 13.21% 1321 13 21 (-13.21% 4955 49 55 49.55 area scenario (ENSO 4 19 20 13.21 132 2 (-13.21 495 5 49.5 13.2 (-13.2 49. 13. (-13. (-13 (-1 (- (

RESUMO A gestão das águas visa assegurar a disponibilidade hídrica necessária para suprir a demanda atual e futura dos recursos hídricos. Para isto é essencial a implantação de redes de monitoramento que apoiam a investigação de eventos que interferem no regime de chuva de bacias hidrográficas, como as fases do fenômeno oceano-atmosférico El Niño – Oscilação Sul (ENOS). A classificação da rede pluviométrica foi proposta conforme a Organização Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) para 14 bacias hidrográficas de gestão na região Alto Rio Paraná (ARP), Brasil. Por outro lado, a variabilidade espacial e temporal das chuvas anuais foi analisada utilizando-se técnicas geoestatísticas e confrontadas com dados do ENOS. Para tanto, dados de 408 estações foram coletados via portal Hidroweb, para o período de 1990 a 2020. A baixa representatividade de dados na região foi verificada a partir da rede observacional. As áreas de menor e maior redução de chuva foram as regiões norte e noroeste da ARP, e as áreas que circundam o rio Paraná, respectivamente. Já 2019 e 2020, foi identificado como o período mais crítico das 3 últimas décadas com chuva abaixo da média (-13,21%) em 49,55% da área estudada, indicando uma persistência no cenário de secas. hídricos oceanoatmosférico oceano atmosférico ENOS . (ENOS) OMM (OMM 1 ARP , (ARP) Brasil lado utilizandose utilizando se tanto 40 Hidroweb 199 2020 observacional respectivamente 201 13,21% 1321 13 21 (-13,21% 4955 49 55 49,55 estudada secas (ENOS (ARP 4 19 202 20 13,21 132 2 (-13,21 495 5 49,5 13,2 (-13,2 49, 13, (-13, (-13 (-1 (- (

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and the temporal trend of the hepatitis mortality rate in Brazil from 2001 to 2020. Methods: Ecological, temporal, and spatial study on mortality from hepatitis in Brazil with data from the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM/DATASUS). Information was stratified by year of diagnosis, region of the country, municipalities (of residence). Standardized mortality rates (SMR) were calculated. The temporal trend was estimated by Prais-Winsten regression and the spatial distribution by the Global Moran Index (GMI). Results: The highest SMR means in Brazil were for Chronic viral hepatitis with 0.88 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (SD=0.16), followed by Other viral hepatitis with 0.22/100,000 (SD=0.11). In Brazil, the temporal trend of mortality from Hepatitis A was −8.11% per year (95%CI −9.38; −6.82), while for Hepatitis B it was −4.13% (95%CI −6.03; −2.20), of Other viral hepatitis of −7.84% (95%CI −14.11; −1.11) and of Unspecified Hepatitis −5.67% per year (95%CI −6.22; −5.10). Mortality due to chronic viral hepatitis increased by 5.74% (95%CI 3.47; 8.06) in the North and 4.95% in the Northeast (95%CI 0.27; 9.85). The Moran Index (I) for Hepatitis A was 0.470 (p<0.001), for Hepatitis B 0.846 (p<0.001), Chronic viral hepatitis=0.666 (p<0.001), other viral hepatitis=0.713 (p<0.001), and Unspecified Hepatitis=0.712 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The temporal trend of hepatitis A, B, other viral, and unspecified hepatitis was decreasing in Brazil, while mortality from chronic hepatitis was increasing in the North and Northeast. Objective 200 2020 Methods Ecological Sistema SIM/DATASUS. SIMDATASUS SIM/DATASUS . SIM DATASUS SIM/DATASUS) diagnosis country residence. residence residence) (SMR calculated PraisWinsten Prais Winsten GMI. GMI (GMI) Results 088 0 88 0.8 100000 100 000 100,00 SD=0.16, SD016 SD SD=0.16 , 16 (SD=0.16) 022100000 22 0.22/100,00 SD=0.11. SD011 SD=0.11 11 (SD=0.11) 811 8 −8.11 95%CI 95CI CI 95 −9.38 938 9 38 −6.82, 682 −6.82 6 82 −6.82) 413 4 13 −4.13 −6.03 603 03 −2.20, 220 −2.20 2 20 −2.20) 784 7 84 −7.84 −14.11 1411 14 −1.11 111 1 567 5 67 −5.67 −6.22 622 −5.10. 510 −5.10 10 −5.10) 574 74 5.74 3.47 347 3 47 8.06 806 06 495 4.95 0.27 027 27 9.85. 985 9.85 85 9.85) I (I 0470 470 0.47 p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) 0846 846 0.84 hepatitis0666 666 hepatitis=0.66 hepatitis0713 713 hepatitis=0.71 Hepatitis0712 712 Hepatitis=0.71 p<0.001. Conclusion 202 (GMI 08 0. 10000 00 100,0 SD01 SD=0.1 (SD=0.16 02210000 0.22/100,0 (SD=0.11 81 −8.1 −9.3 93 68 −6.8 41 −4.1 −6.0 60 −2.2 78 −7.8 −14.1 141 −1.1 56 −5.6 −6.2 62 51 −5.1 57 5.7 3.4 34 8.0 80 49 4.9 0.2 02 98 9.8 047 0.4 p000 p<0.00 (p<0.001 084 hepatitis066 66 hepatitis=0.6 hepatitis071 71 hepatitis=0.7 Hepatitis071 Hepatitis=0.7 1000 100, SD0 SD=0. (SD=0.1 0221000 0.22/100, −8. −9. −6. −4. −2. −7. −14. −1. −5. 5. 3. 8. 4. 9. 04 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 hepatitis06 hepatitis=0. hepatitis07 Hepatitis07 Hepatitis=0. SD=0 (SD=0. 022100 0.22/100 −8 −9 −6 −4 −2 −7 −14 −1 −5 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 hepatitis0 hepatitis=0 Hepatitis0 Hepatitis=0 SD= (SD=0 02210 0.22/10 − p<0 (p<0. hepatitis= Hepatitis= (SD= 0221 0.22/1 p< (p<0 (SD 022 0.22/ (p< 0.22 (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, temporal e espacial sobre a mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM/Datasus). As informações foram estratificadas por ano do diagnóstico, região do país, municípios (de residência). Foram calculadas as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade (TPM). A tendência temporal foi estimada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten e a distribuição espacial pelo Índice Global de Moran (IGM). Resultados: As maiores médias da TPM no Brasil foram para hepatite viral crônica, com 0,88 mortes para cada 100 mil habitantes (desvio padrão — DP=0,16), seguida de outras hepatites virais, com 0,22/100 mil (DP=0,11). No Brasil, a tendência temporal da mortalidade por hepatite A foi de −8,11% ao ano (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% −9,38; −6,82), enquanto por hepatite B foi de −4,13% (IC95% −6,03; −2,20); de outras hepatites virais, foi de −7,84% (IC95% −14,11; −1,11) e de hepatite não especificada, de −5,67% ao ano (IC95% −6,22; −5,10). A mortalidade por hepatite viral crônica cresceu 5,74% (IC95%3,47; 8,06) no norte e 4,95% no nordeste (IC95% 0,27; 9,85). O Índice de Moran (I) para hepatite A foi de 0,470 (p<0,001), para hepatite B de 0,846 (p<0,001), hepatite viral crônica=0,666 (p<0,001), outras hepatites virais=0,713 (p<0,001) e hepatites não especificadas=0,712 (p<0,001). Conclusão: A tendência temporal das hepatites A, B, de outras hepatites virais e das não especificadas foi de diminuição no Brasil, enquanto a mortalidade por hepatites crônicas foi de crescimento nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste. Objetivo 200 2020 Métodos ecológico SIM/Datasus. SIMDatasus SIM/Datasus . SIM Datasus (SIM/Datasus) diagnóstico país residência. residência residência) TPM. (TPM) PraisWinsten Prais Winsten IGM. IGM (IGM) Resultados 088 0 88 0,8 10 desvio DP=0,16, DP016 DP DP=0,16 , 16 DP=0,16) 022100 22 0,22/10 DP=0,11. DP011 DP=0,11 11 (DP=0,11) 811 8 −8,11 intervalo 95 IC95 IC −9,38 938 9 38 −6,82, 682 −6,82 6 82 −6,82) 413 4 13 −4,13 (IC95 −6,03 603 03 −2,20 220 2 20 −2,20) 784 7 84 −7,84 −14,11 1411 14 −1,11 111 1 especificada 567 5 67 −5,67 −6,22 622 −5,10. 510 −5,10 −5,10) 574 74 5,74 IC95%3,47 IC95347 3 47 (IC95%3,47 8,06 806 06 495 4,95 0,27 027 27 9,85. 985 9,85 85 9,85) I (I 0470 470 0,47 p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 001 0846 846 0,84 crônica0666 666 crônica=0,66 virais0713 713 virais=0,71 (p<0,001 especificadas0712 712 especificadas=0,71 p<0,001. Conclusão Nordeste 202 (SIM/Datasus (TPM (IGM 08 0, DP01 DP=0,1 02210 0,22/1 (DP=0,11 81 −8,1 IC9 −9,3 93 68 −6,8 41 −4,1 (IC9 −6,0 60 −2,2 78 −7,8 −14,1 141 −1,1 56 −5,6 −6,2 62 51 −5,1 57 5,7 IC95%3,4 IC9534 (IC95%3,4 8,0 80 49 4,9 0,2 02 98 9,8 047 0,4 p000 p<0,00 00 084 crônica066 66 crônica=0,6 virais071 71 virais=0,7 (p<0,00 especificadas071 especificadas=0,7 DP0 DP=0, 0221 0,22/ (DP=0,1 −8, −9, −6, −4, (IC −2, −7, −14, −1, −5, 5, IC95%3, IC953 (IC95%3, 8, 4, 9, 04 p00 p<0,0 crônica06 crônica=0, virais07 virais=0, (p<0,0 especificadas07 especificadas=0, DP=0 022 0,22 (DP=0, −8 −9 −6 −4 −2 −7 −14 −1 −5 IC95%3 (IC95%3 p0 p<0, crônica0 crônica=0 virais0 virais=0 (p<0, especificadas0 especificadas=0 DP= (DP=0 − p<0 crônica= virais= (p<0 especificadas= (DP= p< (p< (DP (p