Resumo A mosca-branca é uma das pragas agrícolas mais difundidas no mundo. Os óleos essenciais podem ser usados para controlar esse inseto de forma ambientalmente responsável. A atividade fumigante, repelente e antioviposição de óleos essenciais extraídos com etanol de Trachyspermum ammi, Withania coagulans e Murraya koenigii contra Bemisia tabaci foi investigada neste estudo. No experimento, foram utilizadas três concentrações de óleo essencial (2,5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL e 10 mg/mL). Trachyspermum ammi teve a maior porcentagem de morte de mosca-branca em experimentos de laboratório devido à sua toxicidade fumigante; a mesma tendência foi encontrada na toxicidade de contato e efeito repelente. A porcentagem de mortalidade aumenta à medida que a concentração de óleo essencial aumenta com o tempo do bioensaio. À medida que a concentração de óleo essencial cresce com o tempo de bioensaio, o mesmo acontece com a taxa de mortalidade. A maioria das moscas-brancas adultas escapou da estufa das plantas tratadas devido à maior concentração de óleo essencial. A maior repelência foi encontrada com óleo essencial de Trachyspermum ammi a 10 mg/mL. O óleo essencial apresentou a maior eficácia antioviposição contra moscas-brancas. Trachyspermum ammi teve o mais potente impedimento antioviposição, seguido por Withania coagulans em segundo lugar. Murraya koenigii terminou em terceiro com antioviposição moderada, o que afeta o número de ovos produzidos em relação ao controle. Como consequência, esses três óleos podem ser usados como um bioinseticida eficaz e ambientalmente aceitável para controlar B. tabaci.

Abstract Whitefly is one of the most widespread agricultural pests in the world. Essential oils might be used to control this insect in an environmentally responsible way. The fumigant, repellent, and anti-oviposition activity of ethanol-extracted essential oils of Trachyspermum ammi, Withania coagulans, and Murraya koenigii against Bemisia tabaci was investigated in this study. In the experiment, three essential oil concentrations (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) were used. Trachyspermum ammi had the highest percentage of whitefly death in laboratory experiments due to its fumigant toxicity; the same tendency was found in contact toxicity and repellent effect. Mortality percent rises as the concentration of essential oil increases with bioassay time. As the concentration of essential oil grows with bioassay time, so does the mortality rate. The most adult whiteflies escaped from the treated plants' greenhouse due to the highest essential oil concentration. The greatest repellency was found with Trachyspermum ammi essential oil at 10 mg/mL. The essential oil had the greatest anti-oviposition efficacy against whiteflies. Trachyspermum ammi possessed the most potent anti-oviposition deterrent, followed by Withania coagulans in second place. Murraya koenigii finished third with moderate anti-oviposition, which affects the number of eggs produced in comparison to the control. As a consequence, these three oils might be used as an effective and environmentally acceptable bio-insecticide to control B. tabaci.

Resumo A proteína 2 de ligação de nucleotídeos de guanina (GNB2) codifica a subunidade β2 (Gβ2) do complexo da proteína G. Tendo em vista o aumento da demanda de biomarcadores em câncer, o presente estudo foi planejado para explorar extensivamente a variação da expressão de GNB2 e seus papéis em diferentes cânceres usando bancos de dados on-line disponíveis e metodologia diversificada. Em vista de nossos resultados, o GNB2 foi notavelmente regulado para cima em relação aos controles correspondentes em 23 tipos de câncer. Além disso, a expressão elevada de GNB2 foi associada à redução da sobrevida global (OS) do carcinoma hepatocelular do fígado (LIHC) e do adenocarcinoma do reto (READ) apenas em todos os tipos de câncer analisados. Isso implica que GNB2 desempenha um papel vital na tumorigênese de LIHC e READ. Várias análises adicionais também exploraram seis vias críticas e poucas correlações relacionadas à expressão de GNB2 e diferentes outros parâmetros, como metilação do promotor, pureza do tumor, infiltração de células T CD8+, alteração genética e drogas quimioterápicas. Em conclusão, o gene GNB2 foi identificado neste estudo como um potencial biomarcador compartilhado (diagnóstico e prognóstico) de LIHC e READ.

Abstract The Guanine-nucleotide binding protein 2 (GNB2) encodes for β2 subunit (Gβ2) of the G-protein complex. Keeping in view the increased demand of reliable biomarkers in cancer, the current study was planned to extensively explored GNB2 expression variation and its roles in different cancers using online available databases and diverse methodology. In view of our results, the GNB2 was notably up-regulated relative to corresponding controls in twenty three cancer types. As well, the elevated expression of GNB2 was found to be associated with the reduced overall survival (OS) of the Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) and Rectum Adenocarcinoma (READ) only out of all analyzed cancer types. This implies GNB2 plays vital role in the tumorigenesis of LIHC and READ. Several additional analysis also explored six critical pathways and few important correlations related to GNB2 expression and different other parameters such as promoter methylation, tumor purity, CD8+ T immune cells infiltration, and genetic alteration, and chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, GNB2 gene has been identified in this study as a shared potential biomarker (diagnostic and prognostic) of LIHC and READ.

ABSTRACT The original two-order separating sieve has a good potato-soil separating ability, but it causes significant damage to potatoes while ensuring a high potato detection rate, which in turn affects the working effectiveness of the potato digger. Thus, it is necessary to improve the design of the original swing separation sieve with a two-order sieve surface to one with a three-order sieve surface to solve the contradiction between the potato detection and potato damage. On this basis, the movement characteristics of potatoes and the separation performance of the new sieve were experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted in a test field in Wuchuan County using a completely randomized design in a single-factor scheme with three factors and five levels, with five crank speeds (140, 150, 180, 210 and 225 rpm), five machine forward speeds (1.41, 1.51, 1.70, 1.89 and 2.21 km h-1) and five boom-connecting rod length combinations (250-350-1,030, 250-370-1,040, 270-370-1,050, 290-370-1,060 and 310-370-1,070 mm). Each experiment was repeated three times at each level, and the average value was taken as the final result. The experimental results demonstrate that the new three-order separation sieve can ensure a high potato detection rate while maintaining a low potato skin breakage rate.

RESUMO A peneira de separação de duas ordens original tem uma boa capacidade de separação batata-solo, mas causa danos significativos às batatas ao mesmo tempo em que garante uma alta taxa de evidência de batatas, o que, por sua vez, afeta a eficácia do trabalho da escavadeira de batatas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo aprimorar a peneira de separação de balanço original com uma superfície de peneira de duas ordens para uma nova peneira de separação com uma superfície de peneira de três ordens para resolver a contradição entre a taxa obvia de batatas e os danos às batatas na operação da peneira original. Com base nisso, as características de movimentação das batatas e o desempenho de separação da nova peneira foram investigados experimentalmente no campo. O experimento foi conduzido em um campo de teste no Condado de Wuchuan, utilizando um delineamento completamente aleatório em um esquema de fator único com três fatores e cinco níveis, com cinco velocidades de manivela (140, 150, 180, 210 e 225 rpm), cinco velocidades de avanço da máquina (1,41, 1,51, 1,70, 1,89 e 2,21 km h-1) e cinco combinações de comprimento da haste de ligação do braço (250-350-1.030, 250-370-1.040, 270-370-1.050, 290-370-1.060 e 310-370-1.070 mm). Cada experimento foi repetido três vezes em cada nível, e o valor médio foi considerado como o resultado final. Os resultados experimentais demonstram que a nova peneira de separação de três ordens pode garantir uma alta taxa de detecção de batatas enquanto mantém uma baixa taxa de danos à casca das batatas.

ABSTRACT Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Hoola van Nooten) Swingle; Rutaceae: Citrus) is an important plant for both medicine and food. Due to the lack of suitability analysis, many problems have arisen in its planting. According to the daily observation data, Kriging interpolation was selected to spatialize precipitation and temperature data. MaxEnt and ArcGIS were applied to simulate the suitable areas of finger citron in China from the perspectives of bioclimate, soil, topographic factors and human activities in 2050s and 2090s. Results showed that temperature annual range (Bio7), annual precipitation (Bio12), human footprint (Hf), elevation (El) and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were identified as the dominant environmental variables related to the distribution of finger citron. Spatiotemporal distribution of annual precipitation (Bio12) showed that in the future, the precipitation in South China tends to decrease first (2050s) and then increase (2090s). The spatio-temporal analysis of temperature annual range (Bio7) showed that the 20-30 ℃ region was relatively stable in the Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River Basin. Under the future climate change scenarios, the total suitable area showed a significant increase trend in 2090s, and the change of most, moderately and poorly suitable habitats showed no obvious law. Under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the centroid of the most suitable habitat of finger citron would move to the northwest, southeast and southwest respectively. Our results can effectively carry out to promote the recovery of its population.

Coal mining in China is facing the transition from output to quality. Based on the total mining capacity and average production, the current situation of coal mining at mine, city, and province levels is analysed, and data in support for the layout of sustainable mining development and the optimization of output provided. The results show that 87% of China's coal is mined by underground methods, with an average production capacity of 0.93 Mt/a per mine. Open pit mining accounts for 13%, with an average mine production capacity of 5.73 Mt/a. The average mining capacity of coal mines in China is 1.05 Mt/a, with 1181 coal mines with an average capacity less than 0.3 Mt/a, accounting for 35% of the total coal mines but contributing only 4.51% to output. They are distributed in about 48 cities in six provinces, seriously restricting the transition to green coal mining. The coal industry should speed up the closure of small coal mines in key provinces and cities, eliminate outdated production capacity in the central region, increase the speed and proportion of coal resources moving westward, and promote high-quality development of coal mining.

Resumo Os protozoários incluem muitos patógenos humanos intracelulares. A detecção acurada desses patógenos é necessária para tratar as doenças. Na epidemiologia clínica, a identificação molecular de protozoários é considerada o método de identificação mais confiável e rápido do que a microscopia. Entre esses protozoários, o Cryptosporidium é considerado um dos importantes patógenos zoonóticos transmitidos pela água e uma das principais causas de uma doença diarreica denominada criptosporidiose em humanos, animais domésticos e selvagens. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar Cryptosporidium em zoofelídeos (N = 56) pertencentes a diferentes zoológicos da China, mas acidentalmente Colpodella foi encontrada na amostra de zoofelídeos e os dados filogenéticos confirmaram essa amplificação inesperada de amostras fecais usando nested-PCR em duas etapas. A análise filogenética revelou o fato sobre os primers específicos usados anteriormente por muitos pesquisadores e a amplificação entre gêneros. Ficamos sabendo que o amplicon sequenciado geneticamente fornece uma identificação mais acurada das espécies. Este estudo sugere mais investigação sobre Colpodella, que foi negligenciada anteriormente, mas ganha a atenção dos pesquisadores depois de identificada em humanos e animais e é conhecida por se correlacionar com sintomas neurológicos em pacientes.

Abstract The protozoans include many intracellular human pathogens. Accurate detection of these pathogens is necessary to treat the diseases. In clinical epidemiology, molecular identification of protozoan is considered a more reliable and rapid method for identification than microscopy. Among these protozoans, Cryptosporidium considered being one of the important water-borne zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of a diarrheal disease named cryptosporidiosis in humans, domestic animals, and wild animals. This study was aimed to identify Cryptosporidium in zoo felids (N= 56) belonging to different zoo of China, but accidentlly Colpodella was encountered in the zoo felids sample and phylogenetic data confirmed this unexpected amplification from fecal samples using two-step nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the fact about the specific primers used previously by many researchers and cross-genera amplification. We came to know that genetically sequenced amplicon gives more accurate identification of species. This study suggests more investigation on Colpodella which has been neglected previously but gains the attention of researchers after identified from humans and animals and has been known to correlate with neurological symptoms in patients.

Abstract Lentinula edodes (L. edodes), which imparts various health benefits to humans, is considered a novel source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, ultrasonic-assisted hot-water method was used to extract SDF (U-SDF) from L. edodes, and physicochemical, antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of the U-SDF were investigated. Physicochemical properties of U-SDF showed that water solubility, water holding capacity, swelling capacity, and oil holding capacity were higher than that the SDF extracted using hot water method without ultrasonication. The DPPH, •OH, and •O2- radical clearance rates indicated that U-SDF exhibited better antioxidant activities. U-SDF also exhibited notable α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Treatment with U-SDF alleviated glucose and peroxidation metabolism disorders in vivo. Histological analysis indicated that U-SDF improved the oxidative tissue damage in diabetic mice. These results provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of SDF derived from L. edodes.

Abstract A total of 83 acid-producing strains were isolated from fresh Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus abalones, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus by CaCO3-MRS plate medium. These 83 strains were divided into 9 species, including 52 strains of Lactococcus lactis, 13 strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus, 8 strains of Enterococcus faecium, 3 strains of Lactococcus garvieae, 2 strains of Enterococcus casseliflavus, 2 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 strain of Enterococcus lactis, 1 strain of Pediococcus acidilactici, and 1 strain of Lactobacillus pentosus based on the catalase test, Gram staining, and 16S rDNA molecular identification. Among these P. acidilactici, P. pentosus, and L. plantarum could be used in food. P. acidilactici had a strong acid-producing capacity and fast growth rate, thus showing preferable fermentation characteristics in MRS broth and edible mushroom medium than P. pentosus and L. plantarum. In the medium of L. edodes, P. eryngii, and F. velutipes, the best sensory state can be reached within 12-24 h, among them P. eryngii had the best fermentation effect, which was characterized by uniform and bright color, moderate acidity, good flavor, and tight tissue state. This study investigated the types and fermentation characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from edible mushrooms, enriched the resources of LAB suitable for the fermentation, and provided a theoretical reference for the application of LAB fermentation technology of edible mushrooms.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to simplify the difficult excavation that is caused by the root-sand complex in the process of harvesting Cyperus esculentus in the desert of Xinjiang by performing mechanical tests and analysis of the interaction between the vibrating excavation shovel and the rotary blade on the root-sand complex. The rotary blade number, rotary blade speed and digging depth were used as the test parameters, and the Cyperus esculentus breakage rate, root-grass crushing rate, and soil carrying rate were used as the test indicators. The characteristics of the influence of various factors and their interaction on the crushing and separation of the root-sand complex were explored. A parameter combination optimization model is verified by experimental data. The test results showed that the optimal combination was as follows: the number of rotary blades was 20, the rotational speed of the rotary blade was 373 r/min, and the digging depth was 12 cm. At this time, the Cyperus esculentus breakage rate, root-grass crushing rate, and soil carrying rate were 2.62%, 63.68% and 55.40%, respectively. This study can support the development of a Cyperus esculentus harvester suitable for deserts in Xinjiang.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Caracterizar la frecuencia, las causas y los factores predictores del reingreso de pacientes con COVID–19 tras haber recibido el alta de un centro de salud o un servicio de urgencias, las intervenciones utilizadas para reducir los reingresos y los resultados de los pacientes con COVID-19 dados de alta de dichos entornos. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios de serie de casos y estudios observacionales publicados entre enero del 2020 y abril del 2021 en PubMed, Embase, LILACS y MedRxiv en los cuales se informó sobre la frecuencia, las causas o los factores de riesgo relativos al reingreso de pacientes y sobrevivientes de COVID-19. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa y se evaluó la calidad metodológica utilizando la lista de verificación de evaluación crítica de JBI. Resultados. Se encontraron 44 estudios con datos de 10 países. La tasa media general de reingreso a los 30 días fue de 7,1%. Los reingresos variaron con la duración del seguimiento, y tuvieron lugar en <10,5%, <14,5%, <21,5% y <30%, respectivamente, a los 10, 30, 60 y 253 días después del alta. Entre los que recibieron seguimiento por 30 y 60 días, el tiempo medio entre el alta y la readmisión fue de 3 y de 8 a 11 días, respectivamente. El factor de riesgo significativo asociado al reingreso fue una estancia más corta, y entre las causas importantes se encontraron episodios respiratorios o tromboembólicos y enfermedades crónicas. El reingreso en el servicio de urgencias fue de >20% en cuatro estudios. Los factores de riesgo asociados con la mortalidad fueron sexo masculino, edad avanzada y comorbilidades. Conclusión. El reingreso de sobrevivientes de COVID-19 es frecuente, y la mortalidad después del alta es significativa en grupos poblacionales específicos. Existe una necesidad urgente de seguir examinando las razones subyacentes del reingreso temprano, así como de prevenir reingresos adicionales y resultados adversos en los sobrevivientes de COVID–19.

ABSTRACT Objective. To characterize the frequency, causes, and predictors of readmissions of COVID-19 patients after discharge from heath facilities or emergency departments, interventions used to reduce readmissions, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients discharged from such settings. Methods. We performed a systematic review for case series and observational studies published between January 2020 and April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and MedRxiv, reporting the frequency, causes, or risk factors for readmission of COVID-19 survivors/patients. We conducted a narrative synthesis and assessed the methodological quality using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Results. We identified 44 studies including data from 10 countries. The overall 30-day median readmission rate was 7.1%. Readmissions varied with the length of follow-up, occurring <10.5%, <14.5%, <21.5%, and <30%, respectively, for 10, 30, 60, and 253 days following discharge. Among those followed up for 30 and 60 days, the median time from discharge to readmission was 3 days and 8–11 days, respectively. The significant risk factor associated with readmission was having shorter length of stay, and the important causes included respiratory or thromboembolic events and chronic illnesses. Emergency department re-presentation was >20% in four studies. Risk factors associated with mortality were male gender, advanced age, and comorbidities. Conclusions. Readmission of COVID-19 survivors is frequent, and post-discharge mortality is significant in specific populations. There is an urgent need to further examine underlying reasons for early readmission and to prevent additional readmissions and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 survivors.

RESUMO Objetivo. Caracterizar a frequência, as causas e os preditores de reinternação de pacientes com COVID-19 após a alta do estabelecimento de saúde ou do pronto-socorro, intervenções usadas para reduzir reinternações e desfechos de pacientes com COVID-19 que receberam alta de tais instalações. Métodos. Revisão sistemática de séries de casos e estudos observacionais publicados entre janeiro de 2020 e abril de 2021, indexados nos bancos de dados PubMed, Embase, LILACS e MedRxiv, que relatassem a frequência, as causas ou os fatores de risco para a reinternação de sobreviventes da COVID-19/pacientes com COVID-19. Realizamos uma síntese narrativa das evidências e avaliamos a qualidade metodológica utilizando a checklist de avaliação crítica do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Resultados. Foram identificados 44 estudos, incluindo dados de 10 países. O índice médio geral de reinternação em 30 dias foi de 7,1%. A frequência das reinternações variou com o tempo de acompanhamento, com <10,5%, <14,5%, <21,5% e <30%, respectivamente, ocorrendo nos primeiros 10, 30, 60 e 253 dias após a alta. Dentre aqueles seguidos por 30 e 60 dias, o tempo médio da alta até a reinternação foi de 3 dias e 8 a 11 dias, respectivamente. O único fator de risco significativamente associado à reinternação foi ter um tempo de permanência hospitalar mais curto, e as causas importantes incluíram eventos respiratórios ou tromboembólicos e doenças crônicas. Em quatro estudos, >20% dos pacientes retornaram ao pronto-socorro. Os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade foram sexo masculino, idade avançada e comorbidades. Conclusões. A reinternação hospitalar é frequente em sobreviventes da COVID-19 e a mortalidade pós-alta é significativa em populações específicas. Há uma necessidade urgente de examinar melhor as razões que levam à reinternação precoce e de evitar reinternações adicionais e desfechos adversos em sobreviventes da COVID-19.

Resumo O cádmio (Cd) é um dos principais tóxicos, que afeta a saúde humana por meio da exposição ocupacional e ambiental. No presente estudo, avaliamos os efeitos protetores dos cogumelos morel contra os danos reprodutivos induzidos pelo Cd em ratos. Para tanto, 30 ratos machos foram divididos em 6 grupos (n = 5 / grupo); o primeiro grupo serviu de controle, o segundo grupo foi tratado com injeção intraperitoneal (i.p) de 1 mg / kg / dia de Cd. O terceiro e o quarto grupos foram cotratados com 1 mg / kg / dia de Cd (i.p) e 10 e 20 mg / kg / dia de extrato de cogumelo morel (por via oral), respectivamente. Os dois grupos finais receberam gavagem oral de 10 e 20 mg / kg / dia de extrato de cogumelo morel sozinho. Após o tratamento por 17 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e os testículos e o epidídimo foram dissecados. Um testículo e epidídimo de cada animal foram processados para histologia, enquanto o outro testículo e epidídimo foram usados para produção diária de esperma (DSP) e ensaio cometa. Nossos resultados mostraram que os cogumelos Cd e morel não têm efeito sobre o peso do animal, mas o Cd diminui significativamente a contagem de DSP e danifica o DNA hereditário, que é revertido em grupos de cotratamento. Da mesma forma, os resultados histopatológicos dos testículos e do epidídimo mostram que os cogumelos morel controlam os danos a esses tecidos. Considerando que o extrato de cogumelo morel sozinho pode aumentar a produção de testosterona. Esses resultados concluem que os cogumelos morel não apenas controlam os danos causados pelo Cd, mas também podem ser usados como um mecanismo de proteção para danos hereditários ao DNA.

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major toxicants, which affects human health through occupational and environmental exposure. In the current study, we evaluated the protective effects of morel mushrooms against Cd-induced reproductive damages in rats. For this purpose, 30 male rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5/group), the first group served as the control group, second group was treated with an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 1 mg/kg/day of Cd. Third and fourth groups were co-treated with 1 mg/kg/day of Cd (i.p) and 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of morel mushroom extract (orally) respectively. The final 2 groups received oral gavage of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of morel mushroom extract alone. After treatment for 17 days, the animals were euthanized, and testes and epididymis were dissected out. One testis and epididymis of each animal were processed for histology, while the other testis and epididymis were used for daily sperm production (DSP) and comet assay. Our results showed that Cd and morel mushrooms have no effect on animal weight, but Cd significantly decreases the DSP count and damages the heritable DNA which is reversed in co-treatment groups. Similarly, the histopathological results of testes and epididymis show that morel mushrooms control the damage to these tissues. Whereas the morel mushroom extract alone could enhance the production of testosterone. These results conclude that morel mushrooms not only control the damage done by Cd, but it could also be used as a protection mechanism for heritable DNA damage.

Abstract Swertia L. is a large genus in Swertiinae (Gentianaceae). In China, many Swertia species are used as traditional Tibetan medicines, known as “Zangyinchen” or “Dida”. However, the phylogenetic relationships among Swertia medicinal plants and their wild relatives have remained unclear. In this study, we sequenced and assembled 16 complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 10 Swertia species, mainly distributed in Qinghai Province, China. The results showed that these species have typical structures and characteristics of plant cp genomes. The sizes of Swertia cp genomes are ranging from 149,488 bp to 154,097 bp. Most Swertia cp genomes presented 134 genes, including 85 protein coding genes, eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and four pseudogenes. Furthermore, the GC contents and boundaries of cp genomes are similar among Swertia species. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that Swertia is a complex polyphyletic group. In addition, positive selection was found in psaI and petL genes, indicating the possible adaptation of Qinghai Swertia species to the light environment of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. These new cp genome data could be further investigated to develop DNA barcodes for Swertia medicinal plants and for additional systematic studies of Swertia and Swertiinae species.

Abstract Lagopsis supina (Steph) IK. Gal. was a traditional Chinese medicinal plant for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (PBCRBS), anti-inflammatory and diuresis with little scientific validation. The aims of this study were first to evaluate the PBCRBS and anti-inflammatory effects of L. supina in a rat model of traumatic blood stasis (TBS). We demonstrated that an ethanolic extract of L. supina (LS, 460 mg/kg/d) possessed significant PBCRBS and remarkable inhibitory effect on inflammation cytokines, which were associated with renovated amount of the injured muscle fibers, alleviate the degree of the damaged tissue edema, decreased the number of inflammatory cells, increased the number of the capillary hyperplasia by hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as remarkably down-regulated ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) the levels of inflammation cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 by ELISA. This finding provide a pharmacological basis and partial interpretation for the clinical application of L. supina, which has therapeutic properties for blood stasis syndrome (BSS) and inflammation-related diseases.

Abstract Probiotics are known to provide the host with immune-modulatory effects, which is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, and ulcers.Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0901, Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS 1.8701, and Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0318 were isolated from Chinese fermented dairy food with antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity, respectively. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the tested strains in LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that all tested strains could inhibit the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 and reduce the concentration of NO and PGE2 production. Furthermore, all tested strains markedly reduced proinflammatory cytokines' production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Moreover, these results may be associated with inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway activation. These results indicated that L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0901, L. helveticus KLDS 1.8701, and L. plantarum KLDS 1.0318 possesses an anti-inflammatory potential and provide a molecular basis regarding the development of functional probiotic products.

Abstract The unique flavor of the proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is one of the key reasons why consumers prefer it. Fatty acids and amino acids have an important influence on the nutrition and flavor of proso millet. In this study, we identified fatty acids, amino acids, and volatile compositions in waxy and non-waxy proso millet porridge by a headspace headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We identified 8 fatty acids, 7 essential amino acids, and 59 volatile compounds from the proso millet. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) clearly demonstrated the profiles of waxy and non-waxy samples and it was observed that better clustering of waxy proso millet porridge can be achieved. There were also some correlations between fatty acids, amino acids and aroma substances. This study will provide the basis for the research of volatile components of proso millet and promote the application of proso millet in food industry.