RESUMO Introdução: O esporte ao ar livre é uma atividade recreativa sendo o montanhismo e a caminhada as formas básicas. Ocasionalmente há lesões na prática dessa atividade que podem prejudicar a saúde de seus praticantes, além de trazer efeitos adversos para o ambiente de trabalho diário. Objetivo: Fornecer medidas de proteção relevantes para a prevenção de lesões físicas ocasionadas em praticantes dos esportes ao ar livre. Métodos: Voluntários praticantes participaram de um método de pesquisa por questionário que coletou a localização de lesões esportivas e as causas dessas lesões. Sobre essas informações, foram processadas estatísticas considerando o local das lesões e suas causas. As medidas de proteção foram baseadas na literatura científica atualizada. Resultados: As partes corporais mais lesionadas no esporte ao ar livre são a articulação do tornozelo, a articulação do joelho e contusões do tecido cutâneo. A principal razão dessas lesões é a falta de conscientização da proteção por parte dos atletas. Conclusão: Atenção às atividades de preparação antes dos esportes ao ar livre organização na carga de exercícios são os principais fatores para a prevenção de lesões físicas em praticantes de esportes ao ar livre. Desta forma, as lesões podem ser evitadas nos esportes ao ar livre. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Outdoor sports are a recreational sports, and mountaineering and hiking are the basic forms of this sport. Occasionally there are injuries in the practice of this activity that can damage the health of its practitioners, in addition to bringing adverse effects to the daily work environment. Objective: Provide relevant protection measures to prevent physical injuries caused to outdoor sports practitioners. Methods: Volunteer exercisers participated in a questionnaire survey that collected the location of sports injuries and the causes of these injuries. On this information, statistics were processed considering the location of the injuries and their causes. Protective measures were based on the updated scientific literature. Results: The most injured body parts in outdoor sports are ankle joints, knee joints, and skin tissue contusions. The main reason for these injuries is the lack of awareness of protection by the athletes. Conclusion: Attention to preparation activities before outdoor sports and organization in the exercise load are the main factors for preventing physical injuries in outdoor sports practitioners. In this way, injuries can be avoided in outdoor sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El deporte al aire libre es una actividad recreativa siendo el montañismo y el senderismo sus formas básicas. En ocasiones se producen lesiones en la práctica de esta actividad que pueden perjudicar la salud de sus practicantes, además de traer efectos adversos al entorno laboral diario. Objetivo: Establecer medidas de protección relevantes para la prevención de las lesiones físicas causadas en los practicantes de los deportes en el arco electrónico. Métodos: Profesionales voluntarios participaron en un método de encuesta por cuestionario que recogía la localización de las lesiones deportivas y las causas de las mismas. A partir de esta información, se procesaron las estadísticas teniendo en cuenta la localización de las lesiones y sus causas. Las medidas de protección se basaron en la literatura científica actualizada. Resultados: Las partes del cuerpo más lesionadas en el deporte al aire libre son la articulación del tobillo, la articulación de la rodilla y las contusiones del tejido cutáneo. La razón principal de estas lesiones es la falta de conciencia de protección por parte de los deportistas. Conclusión: La atención a las actividades de preparación antes de la organización de deportes al aire libre en la carga de ejercicio son los principales factores para la prevención de lesiones físicas en los practicantes de deportes al aire libre. De este modo, se pueden evitar las lesiones en los deportes al aire libre. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suspension training is a new activity in which exercises are performed exploring the body weight as resistance, using a suspension tape. The body remains in constant motion due to the support reaction force formed by the open kinetic chain, requiring rapid muscle contractions for continuous balance adjustment. It is believed that this training can improve proprioceptive neuromuscular function, although there is little scientific evidence of its benefits on body posture in athletes. Objective: Explore the function and application of the overhead training method in athletes. Methods: Sixteen male athletes from a provincial badminton team volunteered for the research. Divided into two groups, the experimental group added suspension training. In contrast, the control group kept only traditional training, the other training contents were the same between the two groups, and the experiment lasted 12 weeks. The relevant data were collected before and after the intervention period by the GoodBalance balance tester, and the balance ability of all athletes with eyes closed on one foot was evaluated. Results: The balance ability of the athletes in the experimental group was significantly improved, while the balance ability of the athletes in the control group changed little. Conclusion: Suspension training can significantly improve the balance ability of athletes and can be used as an effective auxiliary training method for balance improvement. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento en suspensión es una nueva forma de actividad en la que se realizan ejercicios explorando el peso del cuerpo como resistencia, utilizando una cinta de suspensión. El cuerpo se mantiene en constante movimiento, debido a la fuerza de reacción de apoyo formada por la cadena cinética abierta, exigiendo rápidas contracciones musculares para el ajuste continuo del equilibrio. Se cree que este entrenamiento puede mejorar la función neuromuscular propioceptiva, aunque hay pocas pruebas científicas de sus beneficios sobre la postura corporal en los deportistas. Objetivo: Explorar la función y la aplicación del método de entrenamiento por encima de la cabeza en los deportistas. Métodos: 16 atletas masculinos de un equipo provincial de bádminton se ofrecieron como voluntarios para la investigación. Divididos en dos grupos, al grupo experimental se le añadió el entrenamiento en suspensión mientras que el grupo de control mantuvo sólo el entrenamiento tradicional, los demás contenidos del entrenamiento fueron exactamente los mismos entre los dos grupos, el experimento duró 12 semanas. Los datos relevantes se recogieron antes y después del periodo de intervención mediante el probador de equilibrio GoodBalance, y se evaluó la capacidad de equilibrio de todos los atletas con los ojos cerrados sobre un pie. Resultados: La capacidad de equilibrio de los atletas del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente, mientras que la capacidad de equilibrio de los atletas del grupo de control sufrió pocos cambios. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en suspensión puede mejorar significativamente la capacidad de equilibrio de los atletas, y puede utilizarse como un método de entrenamiento auxiliar eficaz para mejorar el equilibrio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO IIntrodução: O treinamento suspenso é uma nova forma de atividade na qual se realiza exercícios explorando o peso corporal como resistência, utilizando uma fita de suspensão. O corpo permanece em constante movimento, devido à força de reação de apoio formada pela cadeia cinética aberta, exigindo contrações musculares rápidas para ajuste contínuo do equilíbrio. Acredita-se que esse treinamento possa melhorar a função proprioceptiva neuromuscular, embora haja poucas evidências científicas de seus benefícios sobre a postura corporal em esportistas. Objetivo: Explorar a função e a aplicação do método de treinamento suspenso nos esportistas. Métodos: 16 atletas masculinos da equipe de badminton de uma província foram voluntários para a pesquisa. Divididos em dois grupos, ao grupo experimental adicionou-se o treinamento em suspensão enquanto o grupo controle manteve apenas o treinamento tradicional, os outros conteúdos de treinamento foram exatamente os mesmos entre os dois grupos, o experimento durou 12 semanas. Os dados relevantes foram coletados antes e após o período de intervenção pelo testador de equilíbrio GoodBalance, a habilidade de equilíbrio de todos os atletas com os olhos fechados em um pé foi avaliada. Resultados: A habilidade de equilíbrio dos esportistas no grupo experimental foi significativamente aprimorada, enquanto a habilidade de equilíbrio dos atletas no grupo de controle sofreu poucas alterações. Conclusão: O treinamento de suspensão pode melhorar significativamente a capacidade de equilíbrio dos esportistas, podendo ser usado como um método de treinamento auxiliar eficaz para o aprimoramento de equilíbrio. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Table tennis is a technical game with nets. The direction changes, ball accelerations, and considerable extensions of table tennis make it more expressive. Physical training is an essential step of physical preparation by contemporary Chinese players. Objective: Discuss the effects of physical training on table tennis players. Methods: A randomized collection was used to select 16 table tennis players. A training follow-up was conducted for one year, with exercises three times a week. Training intensity data and success rate of hitting evolution were statistically analyzed. Results: The ability of table tennis players was improved after one year of physical training under the presented protocol(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lactate, heart rate, and success rate before and after the intervention(P<0.05). Conclusion: Physical training is essential to improve the energy delivery systems of phosphagen, phosphagen glycolysis, and glycolysis. Physical training is the key to improving table tennis players' performance and physical quality. Coaches can use the results of this article to monitor the special physical training of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis de mesa es un juego técnico con redes. Los cambios de dirección, las aceleraciones de la pelota y las considerables extensiones del tenis de mesa lo hacen más expresivo. El entrenamiento físico es un paso esencial de la preparación física de los jugadores chinos contemporáneos. Objetivo: Discutir los efectos del entrenamiento físico en los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos: Se utilizó una colección aleatoria para seleccionar 16 jugadores de tenis de mesa. Se realizó un seguimiento del entrenamiento durante un año, con ejercicios tres veces por semana. Se analizaron estadísticamente los datos de la intensidad del entrenamiento y la tasa de éxito de la evolución de los golpes. Resultados: La capacidad de los jugadores de tenis de mesa mejoró tras un año de entrenamiento físico con el protocolo presentado (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en el lactato, la frecuencia cardíaca y la tasa de éxito antes y después de la intervención (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico es esencial para mejorar los sistemas de suministro de energía del fosfágeno, la glucólisis del fosfágeno y la glucólisis. El entrenamiento físico ha demostrado ser la clave para mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad física de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Los entrenadores pueden utilizar los resultados de este artículo para controlar la preparación física especial de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos -investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis de mesa é um jogo de técnica com redes. As mudanças de direção, acelerações da bola e extensões consideráveis do tênis de mesa o tornam mais expressivo. O treinamento físico é uma etapa essencial da preparação física por parte dos jogadores chineses contemporâneos. Objetivo: Discutir os efeitos do treinamento físico sobre os jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos: Utilizou-se uma coleta aleatória para selecionar 16 jogadores de tênis de mesa. Foi realizado um acompanhamento de treinamento por um ano, com exercícios três vezes por semana. Os dados de intensidade do treinamento e a taxa de sucesso da evolução dos acertos foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: A habilidade dos jogadores de tênis de mesa foi aprimorada após um ano de treinamento físico sob o protocolo apresentado(P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa no lactato, frequência cardíaca e taxa de sucesso antes e depois da intervenção(P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento físico é essencial para melhorar os sistemas de fornecimento de energia de fosfágeno, glicólise de fosfágeno e glicólise. O treinamento físico evidenciou ser a chave para melhorar o desempenho e a qualidade física dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Os treinadores podem utilizar os resultados deste artigo para monitorar o treinamento físico especial dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate HSYA’ effects and mechanisms to improve Scars Induced by Anticoagulant Injection by vivo and vitro study. New Zealand rabbits were divided into Normal control (NC), Anticoagulant, Anticoagulant+HSYA-Low, Anticoagulant+HSYA-Middle and Anticoagulant+HSYA-High. Measuring TGF-β1 and IL-1β concentration by Elisa assay; evaluating pathology and fibrosis level by HE and Masson staining, measuring collage I, collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) protein expression by IHC assay. Relative gene expression (Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65)) were evaluated by RT-qPCR assay. Relative proteins expression (Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65)) were evaluated by WB assay. And using TGF-β1 to stimulate cell to make cell model. Compared with NC group, TGF-β1 and IL-1β concentration were significantly increased (P < 0.001); The pathology and fibrosis level were significantly deteriorated, meanwhile, Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) proteins and gene expression were significantly up-regulation in Anticoagulant group (P < 0.001). With HSYA supplement, TGF-β1 and IL-1β concentration were significantly depressed, Pathology and fibrosis levels were significantly improved, Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) proteins and gene expressions were significantly improved with dose-dependent (P < 0.05). HSYA could improve anticoagulant injury induced subcutaneous scar via regulation TLR4/NF-κB(p65).

Abstract Peaches mainly produced in China are a source of food-derived proteins, but much of it is wasted. To make full use of the peaches and peaches related resources, we extracted proteins, including albumin, globulin, gliadin, and glutelin, from defatted Tibet wild peach kernels using Osborne method to study their angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity, which is an active ingredient for hypertension treatment. The different enzymatic products of these extracts were further separated by ultrafiltration membranes and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The component K2 originated from globulin hydrolysate by alcalase treatment showed the highest ACE inhibiting activity (IC50 0.78 mg/mL). Through further analyzing the Mass spectrometry results of K2 and searching the BIOEP database, the specific dipeptide AH (consisted of Ala and His) has been identified as the ACE inhibitory peptide, providing a potential for using Tibet peach kernel-derived peptides as an ingredient in functional food to control hypertension.

Abstract The correlation between the grain thickness and the yield and quality of brown rice was studied using 9 japonica rice varieties harvested in Jilin Province in 2019. The results showed that there were significant differences between the grain thickness of different varieties. The grading of different grain thickness had a great influence on the grains per panicle and the seed setting rate in the yield components. Further, there was no significant correlation between grain thickness and grain type (aspect ratio), while a strong and significant negative correlation was identified between grain-thickness grading (< 2.0 mm) and processing quality. In addition, grain thickness was found to have a positive effect on the quality of taste. In conclusion, grain length, width, and thickness are independent genetic traits. The ratio of thicker grain-thickness-grading would increase with an improvement in the yield and processing quality, and an increase in the thinner grain-thickness-grading ratio would lead to degradation with regard to appearance and taste. The grain thickness of brown rice has an important impact on the quality of the rice.

Abstract In the current research, edible meat of freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea was subjected to enzymatic peptide extraction using animal protease. The clam protein hydrolysate (CPH) contained 45.78% essential amino acids and 44.97% hydrophobic amino acids and showed high alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activation in vitro. Four fractions were divided from CPH by ultrafiltration and further investigated for their hepatoprotective effects on alcohol-induced injury in mice. The 2.5-5 kDa fraction (CPH-3) showed the best effect for preventing hepatic damage caused by alcohol, as revealed by reduced serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the marked decrease in the hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents, and the enhanced hepatic ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and glutathione (GSH) activities. Furthermore, histopathology of CPH-3-treated mice showed less hepatic tissue damage compared to alcohol- or other CPHs-treated mice. Hence, CPH-3 was further purified by consecutive chromatographic techniques with gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. One hepatoprotective peptide, KKLAGFLRYYS (1330.68 Da), was identified by LC-MS/MS, which exhibited strong ADH activation activity. Results suggested that CPH could be a potential nutraceutical for facilitating alcohol metabolism and preventing or ameliorating early liver injury induced by acute alcohol exposure and that the peptide KKLAGFLRYYS is one of the main bioactive components in CPH.

ABSTRACT Aiming at addressing the uneven pesticide distribution when spraying high-spindle apple trees, the parameters of a homemade profiling boom sprayer were analysed, and the optimal parameter combinations of the profiling sprayer were determined. Fluent was used to simulate the spray for various parameter values. The goodness of fit (R2) with experimentally measured data was 0.9270, which verified the accuracy of the numerical simulations. The response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to obtain optimal parameter values from the simulations, and the effective collection rate and spray distribution coefficient of variation were introduced as response values. A sprayer prototype was manufactured based on the optimal parameters determined by RSM analysis, and the results were verified by vertical droplet distribution tests. The results showed that the spray quality increased by 0.7%, 0.9%, and 0.3% for the three best parameters combinations, the droplet distribution was more uniform, and the effect of the profiling spray was better than that of the control tests. The results can provide guidance for the design of sprayers for orchards, and the optimal combination of parameters can provide a basis for subsequent research on precision modelling of profile spraying.

Abstract To improve the crashworthiness and energy absorption of thin-walled tube structures, a bionic thin-walled tube was designed based on the structural characteristics of antler osteon and the principle of structural bionics and had the same inner and outer diameters and the same gradient thickness as antler osteon. A nonlinear finite element method is used to simulate the crashworthiness of a thin-walled tube with equal gradient thickness variation (EGTTS) under axial and oblique loads. The crashworthiness of EGTTS-7 (Egtts with 7 layers) was evaluated using the complex proportional assessment(COPRAS). A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm was used to optimize the EGTTS-7 and the Pareto boundary was used to obtain the optimal structure parameters of the EGTTS-7 by using the loading angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°. It is found that the crashworthiness of the EGTTS is best when the axial load weight factor of the case is large. Compared with EGTTS and circular tubes(CT), F max can be reduced by up to 50.1% and EA can be increased by up to 22.7%.

Abstract Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by the formation of multiple benign cartilage-capped tumors, usually in the metaphyseal region of the long bones. Over 70% of HME cases arise from monoallelic mutations in either of the two genes encoding the heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis enzymes, ext1 and ext2. To identify more HME-associated mutations, genomic DNA from members of five independent consanguineous families with HME was sequenced with whole exome sequencing (WES). A novel heterozygous splice site mutation (c.1173+2T>A) in ext2 was detected in all three affected members of family V. Further study showed that the novel mutation caused exon 7 of ext2 mRNA to be skipped during splicing and caused a frameshift after the codon for Arg360, which results in the appearance of new 43 codons, followed by a termination codon. Although the resulting truncated protein was still localized to the Golgi, similar to the full-length EXT2, its HS synthesis activity decreased by 40%. In this study, a novel splice site mutation in ext2 was identified and suggested to be a pathogenic mutation of HME, which may expand the genetic etiology spectrum of HME and may be helpful for clinical genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.