Abstract Objective Oral ulcers are a lesion in the oral mucosa that impacts chewing or drinking. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (EETs) have enhanced angiogenic, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl) Urea (TPPU), a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor for increasing EETs level, on the healing of oral ulcers. Methods The chemically-induced oral ulcers were established in Sprague Dawley rats. The ulcer area was treated with TPPU to evaluate the healing time and pain threshold of ulcers. The expression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation-related protein in the ulcer area was detected using immunohistochemical staining. The effects of TPPU on migration and angiogenesis capability were measured with scratch assay and tube formation. Results Compared with the control group, TPPU promoted wound healing of oral ulcers with a shorter healing time, and raised pain thresholds. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TPPU increased the expression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation-related protein with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the ulcer area. TPPU enhanced cell migration and tube-forming potential in vitro. Conclusions The present results support the potential of TPPU with multiple biological effects for the treatment of oral ulcers by targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase.

Two new coordination polymers [Zn (bdc)(bpybzimH2)](DMF)0.5 (1, H2bdc=1,4-dicarboxybenzene, bpybzimH2=6,6′-bis-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) and [Co (bpybzimH2)(sbc)]H2O (2, H2sbc=4-mercaptobenzoic acid) have been successfully prepared under solvothermal conditions using the multi-N chelating organic ligand bpybzimH2 as the foundational building block. In addition, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was conducted to evaluate the anti-proliferation activity of compounds 1 and 2 against human spinal tumor cells OPM-2. The cell viability curves showed that the two compounds have anti-proliferation activity on spinal tumor cells, and the activity of compound 1 is higher than compound 2. The annexin V-FITC/PI assay and western blot were used to detect the apoptotic percentage of OPM-2 cells incubated with compounds 1 and 2. The YAP protein expression and its role in cell apoptosis were further studied with qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and flow cytometer.

Uterine leiomyomas (ULs) are benign monoclonal tumors that arise from the underlying myometrial tissue in the uterus. Effective therapies are still lacking because of poor understanding of the pathophysiology and epidemiology. Hence, it is urgent to establish efficient animal models to screen novel anti-UL therapies. In this study, for the first time, traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were combined to establish an animal model of ULs in rats. In order to evaluate the function and value of the novel model, it was compared with other models. The long-term and short-term rat models for ULs were established using progesterone and diethylstilbestrol. Rats in Qi stagnation and blood stasis group were injected with epinephrine hydrochloride and received chronic unpredictable stress for two weeks. Rats in combining disease with syndrome group (CDWSG) received not only epinephrine hydrochloride injection and chronic unpredictable stress but also progesterone and diethylstilbestrol treatment. We analyzed differences in organ coefficient, uterus size, uterine pathology, concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, expression of desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin among the five groups. The animal model of ULs was successfully constructed by loading the rats with estrogen and progesterone. The rat model of CDWSG was more stable than other groups and the method was the most efficient.

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Résumé Objectif Étudier le rapport coût-efficacité d'un programme global de lutte contre la tuberculose pharmacorésistante lancé en 2011 dans quatre régions chinoises. Méthodes En 2011-2012, nous avons analysé les dossiers de 172 patients atteints de tuberculose pharmacorésistante qui s'étaient inscrits à ce programme global et nous avons collecté des données administratives pertinentes auprès de différents hôpitaux et de l'agence de santé publique chinoise. À titre de comparaison, nous avons examiné une cohorte de 81 patients soignés pour une tuberculose pharmacorésistante entre 2006 et 2009. Nous avons réalisé une analyse coût-efficacité, sur le plan sociétal, qui incluait une incertitude probabiliste. Nous avons mesuré les résultats du traitement précoce en fonction de résultats de culture sur trois mois et modélisé les résultats à long terme pour faciliter l'estimation du coût du programme global par année de vie corrigée du facteur incapacité (AVCI) évitée. Résultats Le programme global coûte 8837 dollars des États-Unis (US$) par patient soigné. Le faible taux d'inscription signifiait que certains coûts fixes par patient étaient plus importants que prévu. Bien que ce programme global se soit révélé 30 fois plus cher que le précédent, il a débouché sur des avantages accrus en matière de santé. Le programme global, qui coûte 639 US$ (intervalle de crédibilité à 95 %: 112 à 1322) par AVCI évitée, satisfait au critère de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé définissant une intervention très rentable. Conclusion Le programme global, qui incluait un dépistage rapide, des soins standardisés et une protection financière, a amélioré les résultats des patients atteints de tuberculose multirésistante en limitant les dépenses. Afin de soutenir les objectifs mondiaux pour l'après-2015 en matière de santé, le programme global devrait être élargi aux non-résidents et à d'autres régions de Chine.

Abstract Objective To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis launched in four sites in China in 2011. Methods In 2011-2012, we reviewed the records of 172 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who enrolled in the comprehensive programme and we collected relevant administrative data from hospitals and China's public health agency. For comparison, we examined a cohort of 81 patients who were treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2006−2009. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis, from a societal perspective, that included probabilistic uncertainty. We measured early treatment outcomes based on three-month culture results and modelled longer-term outcomes to facilitate estimation of the comprehensive programme's cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Findings The comprehensive programme cost 8837 United States dollars (US$) per patient treated. Low enrolment rates meant that some fixed costs were higher, per patient, than expected. Although the comprehensive programme appeared 30 times more costly than the previous one, it resulted in greater health benefits. The comprehensive programme, which cost US$ 639 (95% credible interval: 112 to 1322) per DALY averted, satisfied the World Health Organization's criterion for a very cost-effective intervention. Conclusion The comprehensive programme, which included rapid screening, standardized care and financial protection, improved individual outcomes for MDR tuberculosis in a cost-effective manner. To support post-2015 global heath targets, the comprehensive programme should be expanded to non-residents and other areas of China.

Resumen Objetivo Investigar la costoeficacia de un programa integral para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente lanzado en cuatro localizaciones de China en 2011. Métodos En 2011-2012, se revisaron los informes de 172 pacientes con tuberculosis farmacorresistente que se habían inscrito en el programa integral y se recogieron datos administrativos relevantes de hospitales y la agencia de salud pública de China. Como término de comparación, se examinó un cohorte de 81 pacientes que habían sido tratados para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente en 2006−2009. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de costoeficacia desde una perspectiva societaria que incluía la incertidumbre probabilística. Se midieron los resultados de los tratamientos tempranos basados en los resultados de un cultivo de tres meses y se modelaron resultados a largo plazo para facilitar la estimación del coste del programa integral de años de vida en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) evitada. Resultados El programa integral costó 8.837 dólares estadounidenses (USD) por paciente tratado. Las bajas tasas de inscripción significaban que algunos de los costes fijos eran mayores por paciente que lo esperado. A pesar de que el programa integral parecía 30 veces más costoso que el anterior, tuvo como resultado unos mejores beneficios para la salud. El programa integral, que costó 639 USD (intervalo de credibilidad del 95%: de 112 a 1.322) por AVAD evitado, satisfizo el criterio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en cuanto a intervenciones muy costoefectivas. Conclusión El programa integral, que incluía un examen rápido, cuidados estándar y protección financiera, mejoró los resultados individuales de la tuberculosis multirresistente (MR) de una manera costoefectiva. Para apoyar los objetivos de salud globales posteriores a 2015, el programa integral debería expandirse a no residentes y otras áreas de China.

Se ha convertido en una maleza importante en hábitats de agua dulce en ríos, lagos y embalses, tanto en zonas tropicales como templadas de todo el mundo. Algunas investigaciones han indicado que se puede utilizar para la fitorremediación de agua, debido a su fuerte asimilación de nitrógeno y fósforo, y la acumulación de metales pesados, su crecimiento y propagación puede desempeñar un papel importante en la ecología ambiental. Con el fin de explorar el mecanismo molecular de respuesta a la deficiencia de nitrógeno en E. crassipes, se construyeron bibliotecas de cDNA mediante síntesis adelantada y retrasada para raíces de E. crassipes en condiciones de deficiencia de nitrógeno mediante el método de hibridación supresiva sustractiva (SSH). Para este estudio se utilizaron 2 100 clones de síntesis adelantada y 2 650 de síntesis retrasada. De la biblioteca se escogieron al azar mil clones, 737 (527 unigenes) de síntesis adelanta- da y 757 (483 unigenes) de síntesis retrasada que fueron informativos. El análisis BLASTX mostró que había más transportadores y proteínas adenosilhomocisteinasa en E. crassipes cultivadas en un medio deficiente de nitrógeno; mientras que las cultivadas en un medio repleto de nitróge- no tenían más proteínas como UBR4 e3 ubiquitina-proteína ligasa y la proteína arabinogalactano 8 tipo fasciclina, así como otras proteínas del citoesqueleto, incluyendo la actina y la tubulina. Clúster del Grupo Ortológico (COG) también demostró que en la biblioteca de síntesis adelan- tada, la mayoría de los marcadores de secuencia expresada (ESTs) estaban involucrados en el transporte de coenzimas y el metabolismo.

Eichhornia crassipes is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon River Basin. It has become a serious weed in freshwater habitats in rivers, lakes and reservoirs both in tropical and warm temperate areas worldwide. Some research has stated that it can be used for water phytoremediation, due to its strong assimilation of nitro- gen and phosphorus, and the accumulation of heavy metals, and its growth and spread may play an important role in environmental ecology. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of E. crassipes to responses to nitrogen deficiency, we constructed forward and reversed subtracted cDNA libraries for E. crassipes roots under nitrogen deficient condition using a suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. The forward subtraction included 2 100 clones, and the reversed included 2 650 clones. One thousand clones were randomly selected from each library for sequencing. About 737 (527 unigenes) clones from the forward library and 757 (483 unigenes) clones from the reversed library were informative. Sequence BlastX analysis showed that there were more transporters and adenosylhomocysteinase-like proteins in E. crassipes cultured in nitrogen deficient medium; while, those cultured in nitrogen replete medium had more proteins such as UBR4-like e3 ubiquitin- protein ligase and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 8-like, as well as more cytoskeletal proteins, including actin and tubulin. Cluster of Orthologous Group (COG) analysis also demonstrated that in the forward library, the most ESTs were involved in coenzyme transportation and metabolism. In the reversed library, cytoskeletal ESTs were the most abundant. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categories demonstrated that unigenes involved in binding, cellular process and electron carrier were the most differentially expressed unigenes between the forward and reversed libraries. All these results suggest that E. crassipes can respond to different nitrogen status by efficiently regulating and controlling some transporter gene expressions, certain metabolism processes, specific signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal construction.

Native cellulose can be disintegrated into substructures with nano-size dimension through electronspinning. Typically, the most common source material available for cellulose nano-fiber production is wood. More attempts are employed to find new suitable resources to produce nano-cellulose at present. Bamboo boasts the abundant resource in China and possesses fast-growing, anti-bacterial, anti-UV, aroma absorbance properties as well as superior physical and mechanical characters. Cellulose is the main constituent in bamboo, which shows great potential to be the ideal source for producing cellulose nano-fiber. Traditional method for bamboo cellulose extraction needs the use of high concentrated alkaline. Such process causes severe environment problems. Therefore, study on alternative green technologies is inevitable. In this work, self-produced xylanase was applied to hydrolyze bamboo noncellulosic substances. Results indicated that such xylanase from Streptomyces sp. FA1 isolated from bamboo retting system showed broad pH range for xylan hydrolysis, which presented activity of 180 U/mL and 270 U/mL under preferred pH5.5 and pH7, respectively. Three pretreatment methods (including high temperature, ultrasonic generator and supersonic cleaner) were employed to enhance the bamboo processing, among which, xylanase hydrolysis on high temperature pretreated (120°C, 60 min) bamboo showed the most obvious effect. Thermogravimetric test represented that the weight loss of xylanase hydrolysis on high-temperature pretreated sample was higher than that of original sample, which might be attributed to the decomposition of hemi-cellulose and part of cellulose. This study establishes a base for future studies to develop enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo noncellulosic materials, making them suitable for cellulose nano-fiber producing.

PURPOSE: To observe the effect of cholecystectomy on the changes of motion pattern of Beagle dogs' sphincter of Oddi (SO), and investigate the modulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the regulation of SO.METHODS: Pressure of common bile duct, SO motility, response to bolus injections of cholecystokinin (CCK, 20 ng/kg and 100 ng/kg), basal pressure (BP) and phasic contraction amplitude (PCA) were measured respectively by manometry in six Beagle dogs before and after cholecystectomy.RESULTS: After cholecystectomy, the pressure and diameter of common bile ducts (CBD) was significantly increased (p<0.01); BP and phasic contraction frequency (PCF) were also increased, however, no significant differences were found between the two groups; the SO motilities was not significantly changed. The relaxation responded to physiological dose of CCK (20ng/kg) was decreased, while bolus-dose of CCK (100ng/kg) induced rapid contractions and decreased PCA after cholecystectomy. The regulation pattern of SO pressure modulated by NO and its inhibitor had changed after cholecystectomy.CONCLUSION: After cholecystectomy in Beagle dogs, no obviously change of motion pattern of SO was observed through self-compensation, but these compensations may lead to some changes of regulation pattern of CCK and NO on SO.

PURPOSE: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a new technique. This study describes our initial experience of NOTES and investigates the feasibility of transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy (TUEC). METHODS: Eight domestic pigs were submitted to TUEC. After establishment of pneumoperitoneum, a bi-channel endoscope was placed through an infra-umbilical trocar. The gallbladder fundus was lifted by a grasper. The cystic duct and artery was dissected with a flexible hook and clipped by a clip fixing device. The specimen was extracted through the infra-umbilical trocar. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 114 minutes, ranging from 75 to 155 minutes. All the gallbladders were removed successfully. There was one case of subtotal resection, two cases of bleeding and three cases of bile leakage. CONCLUSION: Transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible although it needs more support of experiments and techniques before being applied on human subjects.

Neste trabalho é descrito um procedimento livre de solventes, limpo, simples e eficiente para a síntese de diidropirano[3,2-b]cromenodionas (onze derivados) a partir da reação de condensação de três componentes de ácido kójico, aldeídos aromáticos e dimedona, utilizando alume como catalisador reutilizável.

A simple, green and efficient solventless procedure for the synthesis of eleven dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenediones from the three-component condensation reaction of kojic acid, aromatic aldehydes, and dimedone using a reusable alum as catalyst is described.

In this paper, the concepts of L-fuzzy countable compactness and the L-fuzzy Lindelof property are introduced in L-fuzzy topological spaces, where L is a completely distributive DeMorgan algebra. An L-fuzzy compact L-fuzzy set is L-fuzzy countably compact and has the L-fuzzy Lindel¨of property. An L-fuzzy set having the L-fuzzy Lindelof property is L-fuzzy countably compact if and only if it is L-fuzzy compact. Many characterizations of L-fuzzy countable compactness and the L-fuzzy Lindelof property are presented.

Most ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by radical oxygen species (ROS). Some radioprotectors, such as amifostine, exert radioprotective effects by scavenging radical oxygen species. Recent studies show that hydrogen (H2) has antioxidant activities that protect the brain and intestine against ischaemia-reperfusion injury and stroke by selectively reducing hydroxyl and peroxynitrite radicals. However, it is seldom regarded as a radioprotective agent. In like manner, we hypothesize that hydrogen may be an effective, specific and novel radioprotective agent. But H2 is explosive, while hydrogen-rich solution (solution such as physiological saline saturated with molecular hydrogen) is safer.

La mayor parte de los efectos dañinos inducidos por la radiación ionizante, son causados por especies radicales de oxígeno (ROS). Algunos radioprotectores, tales como la amifostina, ejercen efectos radioprotectores mediante el rescate de especies radicales de oxígeno. Estudios recientes muestran que el hidrógeno (H2) posee una actividad antioxidante que protege el cerebro y el intestino contra las lesiones por repercusión isquémica y accidente cerebrovascular, mediante la reducción selectiva de radicales de hidroxilo y peroxinitrito. Sin embargo, raramente se le considera como un agente radioprotector. De manera similar, planteamos la hipótesis de que el hidrógeno puede ser un agente radioprotector efectivo, específico y novedoso. Pero el H2 es explosivo, mientras que la solución rica en hidrógeno (como es el caso del suero fisiológico saturado con hidrógeno molecular) es más segura.

INTRODUÇÃO: Radiotraçadores para neuroimagem de transportador de dopamina (TDA) foram desenvolvidos para estimar a perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos in vivo na doença de Parkinson (DP). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a densidade de TDA in vivo utilizando [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 (INER-Taiwan) e SPECT em uma população de pacientes brasileiros com DP. MÉTODO: Quinze pacientes com DP e 15 controles saudáveis pareados realizaram exames de SPECT com [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 (INER-Taiwan). Estimativas da densidade de TDA estriatal foram calculadas usando potencial de ligação (PL). Pacientes foram avaliados com escalas para PD. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com DP apresentaram redução significativa do PL-TDA (0,38±0,12) comparado aos controles (0,84±0,16, p<0,01). Foi possível discriminar casos de DP de controles com uma sensibilidade de 100% e especificidade de 100%. Foram obtidas correlações negativas entre PL-TDA e escalas de severidade da DP (rho= -0,7, p<0,001) e disfunção motora (rho= -0,8, p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Exames de SPECT com [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 foram capazes de discriminar pacientes com DP de controles. Esta técnica é um instrumento útil para medir a densidade de TDA e pode ser utilizado para clínica e pesquisa no Brasil.

BACKGROUND: Dopamine transporter (DAT) neuroimaging radiotracers were developed to estimate dopamine neuronal loss in vivo in Parkinson’s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate DAT density in vivo using [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 and single photon computerized tomography (SPECT) in a population of Brazilian PD. METHOD: Fifteen PD patients and 15 matched healthy controls scanned with [99mTc]-TRODAT-1 (INER-Taiwan) and SPECT. Estimates of striatum DAT density were calculated using binding potential (BP). Patients were assessed with PD scales. RESULTS: PD patients had significantly lower striatal DAT-BP (mean±SD) (0.38±0.12) compared to controls (BP=0.84±0.16; p<0.01). A 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was obtained to discriminate PD cases from controls. Negative correlations between striatal DAT-BP and PD severity (rho= -0.7, p<0.001) and motor scales (rho= -0.80, p<0.001) were found. CONCLUSION: [99mTc]TRODAT-1 SPECTs scanning was able to discriminate PD patients from controls. The technique is a powerful instrument to measure DAT density that can be used in clinical and research settings in Brazil.